FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH PAPER 99
In situ conservation
of livestock and poultry | |
by
Elizabeth L. Henson
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations or the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-22 The copyright in this book is vested in the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the United Nations Environment Programme. Application for permission to reproduce this book, in whole or in part, by any methods or process, should be addressed, with statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction desired, to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. |
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, © FAO and UNEP 1992
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1.1 Animal Genetic Resources
1.2 Animal Genetic Resource Management
1.3 Live Animal Conservation
2. Animal Genetic Resources - Terms and Definitions
2.2.1 Founder Affects
2.2.2 Inflow of Genes
2.2.3 Mutation
2.2.4 Natural Selection
2.2.5 Selection by Man
2.2.6 Identification of a Breed
2.3.1 Species Extinction
2.3.2 Breed Extinction
2.3.3 Extinction of Genes
2.3.4 Extinction is Forever
3.1 The Reason For Conservation
3.1.1 Economic Potential
3.1.2 Scientific Use
3.1.3 Cultural Interest
3.2 The Objectives For Conservation
3.3 The Candidates for Conservation
3.3.1 Unique Populations
3.3.2 Endangered Populations - Species
3.3.3 Endangered Breeds
3.3.4 Endangered Populations - Genes
3.3.5 Populations in Rapid Change
3.4 Action To Identify Conservation Stocks
4.1 Ex Situ versus In Situ Methods
4.1.1 Cryogenic Preservation
4.1.2 In Situ Conservation
4.1.3 Co-ordination of Cryogenic and
Live Conservation
4.2 Gene Pool versus Separate Breed Conservation
4.2.1 Separate Breeds
4.2.2 Gene Pools
4.3 Conservation Of Small Live Populations
4.3.1 Creating the Sample
4.3.2 Selection
4.3.3 Inbreeding
4.3.4 Small Population Size and Drift
4.3.5 Minimum Size of Conservation Herds
4.4 Small Breeding Programmes - Recommendations
4.5.1 Natural Breeding
4.5.2 Random Mating
4.5.3 Pedigree Breeding
4.5.4 Maximum Avoidance
4.5.5 Sublines
4.6 Conservation for Utilization
5.1 National Government Projects
5.1.1 Endangered Species Important for
Domestication
5.1.2 Breeds with Potential for Use
5.1.3 Breeds Conservation as a Part of
Environmental Conservation
5.2 Non Government Organizations
5.2.1 Habitat Conservation
5.2.2 Breeds with Historical Interest
5.2.3 Breeds with Cultural Importance
5.3.1 Conservation for Economic Use
5.3.2 Research and Conservation
5.3.3 Conservation with Tourism and
Education
5.3.4 Company Promotion
5.4 Private Conservation Efforts
5.4.1 Farmers
5.4.2 Co-ordinating Organizations
The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance of colleagues from around the world in the compilation of this manual, but particularly wishes to thank: Dr. D.S. Balain, of the National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India; Dr. Arthur da Silva Mariante, CENARGEN/EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil, and Dr. Louise Setshwaelo, Ministry of Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana.