| Catchment | Subcatchment | “Utilizable forest” (1 000 ha) | Growing stock (1 000 cum) | AAC (1 000 cum) | |||
| BUMTHANG | Bumthang | 64 | 64 | 16 958 | 16 958 | 93 | 93 |
| Mangde E* | 9 | 1314 | 7 | ||||
| DHANSRI | Bada East* | 9 | 1904 | 10 | |||
| Dhansri M | 27 | 27 | 5 723 | 5 723 | 47 | 47 | |
| DRANGME | Drangme M | 60 | 60 | 13 011 | 13 011 | 88 | 88 |
| Manas East | 28 | 28 | 4 394 | 4 394 | 35 | 35 | |
| KURU CHU | Kuru Main | 68 | 68 | 15 760 | 15 760 | 100 | 100 |
| Manas W 8 | 17 | 3 137 | 21 | ||||
| MANGDE | Mangde M | 72 | 72 | 13 735 | 13 735 | 90 | 90 |
| Mangde W* | 8 | 879 | 4 | ||||
| MAO CHU | Mao Chu* | 36 | 6 361 | 35 | |||
| NYEARA AM | Choumari* | 12 | 1 932 | 12 | |||
| Darranga* | 14 | 2 420 | 13 | ||||
| Nanai | 12 | 12 | 3 188 | 3 188 | 27 | 27 | |
| Nyera Main* | 54 | 9 031 | 42 | ||||
| RAIDAK | Ha | 30 | 30 | 11 315 | 11 315 | 59 | 59 |
| Paro | 24 | 24 | 3 974 | 3 974 | 27 | 27 | |
| Piping | 27 | 27 | 6 625 | 6 625 | 53 | 53 | |
| Piping A* | 1 | 352 | 2 | ||||
| Raidak W | 19 | 19 | 4 809 | 4 809 | 40 | 40 | |
| Thimphu | 35 | 35 | 6 553 | 6 553 | 38 | 38 | |
| SANKOSH | Dagana | 22 | 22 | 3 825 | 3 825 | 32 | 32 |
| Damphu* | 25 | 4 143 | 21 | ||||
| Dang Chu | 12 | 12 | 2 117 | 2 117 | 14 | 14 | |
| Hara Chu | 5 | 5 | 737 | 737 | 6 | 6 | |
| Mochu | 8 | 8 | 1 212 | 1 212 | 10 | 10 | |
| Phobjika | 22 | 22 | 3 298 | 3 298 | 21 | 21 | |
| Phochu | 9 | 9 | 1 976 | 1 976 | 13 | 13 | |
| Punats. E | 15 | 15 | 2 244 | 2 244 | 16 | 16 | |
| Punats. W | 32 | 32 | 5 681 | 5 681 | 44 | 44 | |
| Sami* | 23 | 6 246 | 38 | ||||
| TORSA | Jaldhaka* | 46 | 9 427 | 48 | |||
| Torsa A* | 10 | 1 328 | 6 | ||||
| Torsa M | 50 | 50 | 8 531 | 8 531 | 70 | 70 | |
| Total | 905 | 641 | 184 140 | 135 666 | 1 182 | 923 | |
*) critical sub-catchment due to altitude (>3 800 m) or slope (>100%)
| E n v i r o n m e n t a l l y s o u n d r o a d c o n s t r u c t i o n b y e x c a v a t o r | Kharungla road | ||||
| Work elements | % | Classification | % | % | |
| Log removal (MW) | 2.01 | Main work time (MW) | 80.82 | Work time (WT) | 83.30 |
| Topsoil removal (MW) | 22.82 | ||||
| Excavating base (MW) | --- | ||||
| Fill slope construction (MW) | 32.62 | ||||
| Subgrade/cut shaping (MW) | 23.37 | ||||
| Move at construction site (CW) | 0.27 | Complementary work time (CW) | 0.27 | ||
| Productive work time (PW) | 81.19 | ||||
| Considerations (PL) | 0.85 | Preparatory time (PT) | 0.85 | ||
| Maintenance time (MT) | 0.52 | Service time (ST) | 0.52 | ||
| Assisting other worker (AW) | 0.84 | Ancillary work time (AW) | 0.84 | ||
| Supportive work time (SW) | 2.21 | ||||
| Disturbance time (DT) | 2.42 | Disturbance time (DT) | 2.42 | Non-work time (NT) | 16.70 |
| Meal time (ME) | 13.63 | Work-related delay time (WD) | 14.28 | ||
| Rest/personal time (RP) | 0.64 | ||||
| Interference time (IT) | 0.01 | ||||
| Workplace time (WP) | 100.00 | ||||
The total workplace time observed amounted to 39 h 50 min 36 sec.
| T r a d i t i o n a l r o a d c o n s t r u c t i o n b y b u l l d o z e r | Korila extension | ||||
| Work elements | % | Classification | % | % | |
| Log removal (MW) | --- | Main work time (MW) | 76.99 | Work time(WT) | 89.60 |
| Stump removal (MW) | 3.31 | ||||
| Cut slope (MW) | 48.78 | ||||
| Subgrade construction (MW) | 24.57 | ||||
| Uprooting trees (MW) | 0.33 | ||||
| Move at construction site (CW) | 0.50 | Complementary work time (CW) | 1.83 | ||
| Grade checking (CW) | 0.24 | ||||
| Blade adjustment (CW) | 1.09 | ||||
| Productive work time (PW) | 78.82 | ||||
| Considerations (PL) | 1.25 | Preparatory time (PT) | 1.48 | ||
| Operational time (OP) | 0.23 | ||||
| Repair time (RT) | 0.50 | Service time (ST) | 9.09 | ||
| Maintenance time (MT) | 1.11 | ||||
| Refill water (MT) | 7.16 | ||||
| Refuel time (RF) | 0.32 | ||||
| Assisting other worker (AW) | 0.21 | Ancillary work time (AW) | 0.21 | ||
| Supportive work time (SW) | 10.78 | ||||
| Disturbance time (DT) | 0.77 | Disturbance time (DT) | 0.77 | Non-work time (NT) | 10.40 |
| Meal time (ME) | 6.21 | Work-related delay time (WD) | 9.63 | ||
| Rest/personal time (RP) | 3.28 | ||||
| Interference time (IT) | 0.14 | ||||
| Workplace time (WP) | 100.00 | ||||
The total workplace time observed amounted to 27 h 50 min 59 sec.
| L o g g i n g b y l o n g-d i s t a n c e c a b l e s y s t e m | Korila logging site | ||||
| Work elements | Classification | ||||
| Carriage move - empty (MW) | 8.17 | Main work time (MW) | 99.10 | Work time (WT) | 99.65 |
| Attaching load (MW) | 51.39 | ||||
| Carriage move - loaded (MW) | 19.73 | ||||
| Unloading at landing site (MW) | 19.81 | ||||
| Productive work time (PW) | 99.10 | ||||
| Considerations (PL) | 0.41 | Preparatory time (PT) | 0.55 | ||
| Operational time (OP) | 0.14 | ||||
| Maintenance time (MT) | Service time (ST) | --- | |||
| Refuel time (RF) | |||||
| Supportive work time (SW) | 0.55 | ||||
| Disturbance time (DT) | Disturbance time (DT) | --- | Non-work time (NT) | 0.35 | |
| Meal time (ME) | --- | Work-related delay time (WD) | 0.35 | ||
| Rest/personal time (RP) | 0.35 | ||||
| Workplace time (WP) | 100.00 | ||||
The total workplace time observed amounted to 9 h 16 min 59 sec.
| L o g g i n g b y l o n g-d i s t a n c e c a b l e s y s t e m | Helela logging site | ||||
| Work elements | Classification | ||||
| Carriage move - empty (MW) | 13.78 | Main work time (MW) | 87.78 | Work time (WT) | 100.00 |
| Attaching load (MW) | 40.87 | ||||
| Carriage move - loaded (MW) | 10.49 | ||||
| Unloading at landing site (MW) | 22.64 | ||||
| Productive work time (PW) | 87.78 | ||||
| Operational time (OP) | 7.31 | Preparatory time (PT) | 7.31 | ||
| Maintenance time (MT) | 4.38 | Service time (ST) | 4.91 | ||
| Refuel time (RF) | 0.53 | ||||
| Supportive work time (SW) | 12.22 | ||||
| Disturbance time (DT) | --- | Disturbance time (DT) | --- | Non-work time (NT) | --- |
| Meal time (ME) | --- | Work-related delay time (WD) | --- | ||
| Rest/personal time (RP) | --- | ||||
| Workplace time (WP) | 100.00 | ||||
The total workplace time observed amounted to 9 h 08 min 21 sec.
FOREST HARVESTING CASE STUDIES
These publications are available from the FAO Forest Harvesting, Trade and Marketing Branch, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.
Intermediate Technology in Forest Harvesting: Agricultural Tractor with Winch. By P. Alhojärvi. FOPH Publication 1988. 45 pp. Country: Tanzania. Language: English.
Intermediate Technology in Forest Harvesting: Agricultural Tractor and Forest Trailer with Mechanical Crane. By R. Jakobsson. FOPH Publication 1988. 40 pp. Country: Ethiopia. Language: English.
Plastic Log Chute in Steep Terrain Thinning Operations. By K. Leppänen. FOPH Publication 1989. 30 pp. Country: Republic of Korea. Language: English.
Integrated Small-Scale Forest Harvesting and Wood Processing Operations. By O. Eeronheimo. FOPH Publication 1990. 27 pp. Country: Zimbabwe. Language: English.
Forest Harvesting with Small-Scale Mobile Cable System. By O. Eeronheimo. FOPH Publication 1991. 16 pp. Country: Republic of Korea. Language: English.
1. Reduction of Wood Waste by Small-Scale Log Production and Conversion in Tropical High Forest. By Risto Kilkki. FOPH Publication 1992. 33 pp. Country: Papua New Guinea. Language: English.
2. Cosecha de Hongos en la VII Región de Chile. By Juan E. Donoso y Risto Kilkki. FOPH Publication 1992. 37 pp. Country: Chile. Language: Spanish.
3. Uso de Bueyes en Operaciones de Aprovechamiento Forestal en Areas Rurales de Costa Rica. By William Cordero. FOPH Publication 1994. 44 pp. Country: Costa Rica. Language: Spanish.
4. Use of the Construction Crane for Wood Extraction on Mountainous Terrain. By Norbert Winkler. FOPH Publication 1995. 38 pp. Country: Austria. Language: English.
5. Elephants in Logging Operations in Sri Lanka. By Palitha Jayasekera and Shelton Atapattu. FOPH Publication 1995. 36 pp. Country: Sri Lanka. Language: English.
6. Impacto ambiental de las prácticas de cosecha forestal y construcción de caminos en bosques nativos siempreverdes de la X Region de Chile. By Jorge Gayoso Aguilar. FOPH Publication 1995. 169 pp. Country: Chile. Language: Spanish.
7. Forest Harvesting in Natural Forests of the Republic of the Congo. By Robert Scharpenberg. FAO; Albert Essereke and Pierre Ekiama, Ministry of Water and Forests, Congo. FOPH Publication 1997. 66 pp. Country: Congo. Language: English. French version will be available in 1998.
8. Environmentally Sound Forest Harvesting, Testing the Applicability of the FAO Model Code in the Amazon in Brazil. By Norbert Winkler. FOPH Publication 1997. 84 pp. Country: Brazil. Language: English.
9. Labor-intensive harvesting of tree plantations in the southern Philippines. By Mike Jurvélius. RAP Publication 1997. 34 pp. Country: Philippines. Language: English.
10. Environmentally Sound Road Construction in Mountainous Terrain, Applying Advanced Operating Methods and Tools. By Norbert Winkler. FOPH Publication 1998. 64 pp. Country: Austria. Language: English.
11. Reduced impact timber harvesting in the tropical natural forest in Indonesia. By Elias. FOPH Publication 1998. 40 pp. Country: Indonesia. Language: English.
12. Environmentally Sound Forest Infrastructure Development and Harvesting in Bhutan. By Norbert Winkler. FOPH Publication 1999. 75 pp. Country: Bhutan. Language: English.
