|
Aspect |
Specifications for the CBA analysis under harvesting system |
|
|
CL |
RIL |
|
|
No. of harvesting units |
21 |
21 |
|
Forest type |
Primary MHDF |
Primary MHDF |
|
Net operable area |
34,078 ha |
34,078 ha |
|
Simulation period |
40 years |
40 years |
|
Annual allowable cut |
55,377 m³/y |
20,447 m³/y |
|
Minimum economic cut |
30 m³/ha |
15 m³/ha |
|
Maximum number of trees harvested |
20 trees/ha |
10 |
|
Minimum cutting limits |
For Dipterocarps: 60 cm For non-Dipterocarps: 45 cm |
For Dipterocarps: 60 cm For non-Dipterocarps: 45 cm |
|
Silvicultural treatment intensity |
No treatment |
No treatment |
|
Logging damage |
Dbh 10 – 20 cm: 53% Dbh 20 – 40 cm: 58% Dbh > 40 cm: 56% |
Dbh 10 – 20 cm: 29% Dbh 20 – 40 cm: 32% Dbh > 40 cm: 21% |
|
Utilisation Factor (UF) |
75% |
80% |
|
Quality Factor (QF)a |
50% |
65% |
|
Log waste (LW)a |
20% |
0% |
Explanation:
CL = Conventional Logging System
RIL = Reduced-Impact Logging
MHDF = Mixed Hill Dipterocarp Forests
a DIPSIM considers neither a Quality Factor nor a correction factor for log waste. After the simulation the predicted potentially commercial volume was therefore reduced by the Quality Factor and the correction factor for log waste.
|
Harvesting system |
|||||
|
CL |
RIL |
||||
|
Cost |
Cost |
||||
|
[RM/ha]a |
[RM/m³] |
[RM/ha] |
[RM/m³] |
||
|
Training |
|||||
|
Staff |
0.00 |
0.00 |
153.40 |
5.53 |
|
|
Transportb |
0.00 |
0.00 |
11.95 |
0.43 |
|
|
Equipment |
0.00 |
0.00 |
2.71 |
0.10 |
|
|
Subtotal |
0.00 |
0.00 |
168.06 |
6.06 |
|
|
Skidtrail alignment |
|||||
|
Staff |
0.00 |
0.00 |
46.97 |
1.69 |
|
|
Transport |
0.00 |
0.00 |
3.45 |
0.12 |
|
|
Equipment |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1.48 |
0.05 |
|
|
Subtotal |
0.00 |
0.00 |
51.90 |
1.87 |
|
|
Skidtrail mapping |
|||||
|
Staff |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1.75 |
0.06 |
|
|
Transport |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
|
Equipment |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.04 |
0.00 |
|
|
Subtotal |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1.78 |
0.06 |
|
|
Tree markingc |
|||||
|
Staff |
n.d. |
n.d |
53.18 |
1.92 |
|
|
Transport |
n.d. |
n.d |
2.76 |
0.10 |
|
|
Equipment |
n.d. |
n.d |
3.69 |
0.13 |
|
|
Subtotal |
22.25 |
0.5 |
59.63 |
2.15 |
|
|
Data analysis, digitizing (GIS Unit) |
|||||
|
Staff |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1.49 |
0.05 |
|
|
Transport |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
|
Equipment |
0.00 |
0.00 |
4.75 |
0.17 |
|
|
Subtotal |
0.00 |
0.00 |
6.23 |
0.22 |
|
|
Review of Forest Harvesting Map |
|||||
|
Staff |
0.00 |
0.00 |
2.01 |
0.07 |
|
|
Transport |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.27 |
0.01 |
|
|
Equipment |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.07 |
0.00 |
|
|
Subtotal |
0.00 |
0.00 |
2.35 |
0.08 |
|
|
Harvesting/Skidding |
|||||
|
Salary and wages |
161.91 |
8.43 |
107.94 |
3.89 |
|
|
Fuel. oil and lubricant |
378.27 |
3.64 |
253.08 |
9.12 |
|
|
Repairs and maintenance |
375.22 |
8.5 |
245.33 |
8.84 |
|
|
Capital cost |
305.61 |
6.87 |
273.23 |
9.85 |
|
|
Subtotal |
1,221.01 |
27.44 |
879.59 |
31.70 |
|
|
Damage assessment |
|||||
|
Staff |
0.00 |
0.00 |
14.49 |
0.52 |
|
|
Transport |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.85 |
0.03 |
|
|
Equipment |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.10 |
0.00 |
|
|
Subtotal |
0.00 |
0.00 |
15.45 |
0.56 |
|
|
Compliance assessment |
|||||
|
Staff |
0.00 |
0.00 |
14.39 |
0.52 |
|
|
Transport |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1.38 |
0.05 |
|
|
Equipment |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.21 |
0.01 |
|
|
Subtotal |
0.00 |
0.00 |
15.98 |
0.58 |
|
|
Total |
1,243.33 |
27.94 |
1,201.06 |
43.28 |
|
Explanation:
a Cost per ha of net operable area.
b Average transport distance per day for all field activities: 100 km; fuel consumption 25 l.
c Costs for tree survey (not tree marking) under CL were estimated (Forest Officer Jonathan, personal communication), no breakdown possible.
|
Operation / Position |
Basic salary |
Jungle allowance |
Food allowance |
T&T Claim FDS |
Number of persons |
Total per day |
||
|
[RM/m] |
[RM/d]a |
[RM/d] |
[RM/d] |
[RM/d] |
[n] |
[RM/d] |
||
|
Training |
||||||||
|
Crew leader & assistant crew leader; FDS |
1,100.00 |
48.18 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
65.00 |
1 |
113.18 |
|
|
Surveyor; Samling |
1,718.00 |
75.24 |
18.00 |
8.00 |
1 |
101.24 |
||
|
Labourers; Samling |
14.00 |
8.00 |
8.00 |
9 |
270.00 |
|||
|
Total |
11 |
484.42 |
||||||
|
Skidtrail alignment |
||||||||
|
Crew leader & assistant crew leader; FDS |
1,100.00 |
48.18 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
65.00 |
2 |
226.35 |
|
|
Surveyor; Samling |
1,718.00 |
75.24 |
18.00 |
8.00 |
2 |
202.48 |
||
|
Labourers; Samling |
14.00 |
8.00 |
8.00 |
6 |
180.00 |
|||
|
Total |
10 |
608.83 |
||||||
|
Skidtrail mapping |
||||||||
|
Crew leader & assistant crew leader; FDS |
1,100.00 |
48.18 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
65.00 |
1 |
113.18 |
|
|
Total |
1 |
113.18 |
||||||
|
Tree marking |
||||||||
|
Crew leader & assistant crew leader; FDS |
1,100.00 |
48.18 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
65.00 |
4 |
452.70 |
|
|
Surveyor; Samling |
1,718.00 |
75.24 |
18.00 |
8.00 |
2 |
202.48 |
||
|
Labourers; Samling |
14.00 |
8.00 |
8.00 |
6 |
180.00 |
|||
|
Total |
12 |
835.18 |
||||||
|
Data analysis, digitizing (GIS Unit) |
||||||||
|
Crew leader & assistant crew leader; FDS |
1,100.00 |
48.18 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1 |
48.18 |
|
|
Total |
1 |
48.18 |
||||||
|
Review of Forest Harvesting Map |
||||||||
|
Crew leader & assistant crew leader; FDS |
1,100.00 |
48.18 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
65.00 |
1 |
113.18 |
|
|
Total |
1 |
113.18 |
||||||
|
Damage assessment |
||||||||
|
Crew leader & assistant crew leader; FDS |
1,100.00 |
48.18 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
65.00 |
3 |
339.53 |
|
|
Surveyor; Samling |
1,718.00 |
75.24 |
18.00 |
8.00 |
3 |
303.72 |
||
|
Labourers; Samling |
14.00 |
8.00 |
8.00 |
4 |
120.00 |
|||
|
Total |
10 |
763.25 |
||||||
|
Compliance assessment |
||||||||
|
Crew leader & assistant crew leader; FDS |
1,100.00 |
48.18 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
65.00 |
2 |
226.35 |
|
|
Labourers; Samling |
14.00 |
8.00 |
8.00 |
8 |
240.00 |
|||
|
Total |
10 |
466.35 |
||||||
Explanation:
a Assuming 274 working days per year.
|
Operation / Cost centre |
Cost per unit |
Unit |
No. of units per day |
Cost per day |
|
[RM] |
[n] |
[RM] |
||
|
Training |
||||
|
All weather writing paper |
0.38 |
sheet |
8.0 |
3.04 |
|
Pencil |
0.75 |
piece |
1.0 |
0.75 |
|
Rubber |
1.50 |
piece |
1.0 |
1.50 |
|
Plastic flagging |
0.12 |
m |
10.0 |
1.17 |
|
Diameter tape |
2.00 |
1) |
1.0 |
2.00 |
|
Tape |
0.83 |
2) |
1.0 |
0.83 |
|
Suunto compass |
0.39 |
3) |
1.0 |
0.39 |
|
Suunto clinometer |
0.48 |
4) |
1.0 |
0.48 |
|
Total |
10.16 |
|||
|
Skidtrail alignment |
||||
|
Spray |
7.50 |
tin |
2.0 |
15.00 |
|
Plastic flagging |
0.12 |
m |
6.0 |
0.70 |
|
Tape |
0.83 |
2) |
1.0 |
0.83 |
|
Suunto compass |
0.39 |
3) |
1.0 |
0.39 |
|
Suunto clinometer |
0.48 |
4) |
1.0 |
0.48 |
|
Fuel |
1.79 |
l |
1.0 |
1.79 |
|
Total |
19.19 |
|||
|
Skidtrail mapping |
||||
|
Pencil |
0.75 |
piece |
0.5 |
0.38 |
|
Rubber |
1.50 |
piece |
0.5 |
0.75 |
|
Ruler |
0.32 |
5) |
1.0 |
0.33 |
|
Graph paper A3 |
0.32 |
sheet |
3.0 |
0.96 |
|
Total |
2.42 |
|||
|
Tree marking |
||||
|
Spray |
7.50 |
tin |
5.00 |
37.50 |
|
All weather writing paper |
0.38 |
sheet |
6.00 |
2.28 |
|
Pencil |
0.75 |
piece |
0.50 |
0.38 |
|
Rubber |
1.50 |
piece |
0.20 |
0.30 |
|
Plastic flagging |
0.12 |
m |
10 |
1.17 |
|
RIL tag |
0.08 |
piece |
80 |
6.40 |
|
Nails |
0.10 |
piece |
80 |
8.00 |
|
Diameter tape |
2.00 |
1) |
1.0 |
2.00 |
|
Fuel |
1.79 |
l |
1.0 |
1.79 |
|
Total |
59.81 |
|||
|
Data analysis, digitizing (GIS Unit) |
||||
|
Map production |
800.00 |
6) |
1.0 |
800.00 |
|
Total |
800.00 |
|||
|
Review of Forest Harvesting Map |
||||
|
All weather writing paper |
0.38 |
sheet |
1.0 |
0.38 |
|
Pencil |
0.75 |
piece |
0.2 |
0.15 |
|
Rubber |
1.50 |
piece |
0.2 |
0.30 |
|
Diameter tape |
2.00 |
1) |
1.0 |
2.00 |
|
Suunto compass |
0.39 |
3) |
1.0 |
0.39 |
|
Suunto clinometer |
0.48 |
4) |
1.0 |
0.48 |
|
Total |
3.70 |
|||
|
Damage assessment |
||||
|
Pencil |
0.75 |
piece |
0.5 |
0.38 |
|
Rubber |
1.50 |
piece |
0.5 |
0.75 |
|
Plastic flagging |
0.12 |
m |
5.0 |
0.58 |
|
Paper A4 |
0.03 |
sheet |
3.0 |
0.08 |
|
Diameter tape |
2.00 |
1) |
1.0 |
2.00 |
|
Tape |
0.83 |
2) |
1.0 |
0.83 |
|
Suunto compass |
0.39 |
3) |
1.0 |
0.39 |
|
Suunto clinometer |
0.48 |
4) |
1.0 |
0.48 |
|
Total |
5.49 |
|||
|
Compliance assessment |
||||
|
Pencil |
0.75 |
piece |
0.5 |
0.38 |
|
Rubber |
1.50 |
piece |
0.5 |
0.75 |
|
Plastic flagging |
0.12 |
m |
10.0 |
1.17 |
|
Paper A4 |
0.03 |
sheet |
25.0 |
0.68 |
|
Diameter tape |
2.00 |
1) |
1.0 |
2.00 |
|
Tape |
0.83 |
2) |
1.0 |
0.83 |
|
Suunto compass |
0.39 |
3) |
1.0 |
0.39 |
|
Suunto clinometer |
0.48 |
4) |
1.0 |
0.48 |
|
Total |
6.67 |
|||
Explanation:
1) = Unit price: RM 180.00, assuming 90 days useful life.
2) = Unit price: RM 75.00, assuming 90 days useful life.
3) = Unit price: RM 285.00, assuming 720 days useful life.
4) = Unit price: RM 350.00, assuming 720 days useful life.
5) = Unit price: RM 30.00, assuming 90 days useful life.
6) = Total cost data input, map production, including depreciation of hardware and software (GIS-Unit).
|
Operation |
Harvesting system |
||||
|
CL |
RIL |
||||
|
Productivity |
Productivity |
||||
|
[ha/d]a |
[m³/d] |
[ha/d] |
[m³/d]b |
||
|
Training |
- |
- |
3.9 |
103.9 |
|
|
Skidtrail alignment |
- |
- |
13.5 |
359.7 |
|
|
Skidtrail mapping |
- |
- |
67.4 |
1798.7 |
|
|
Tree marking |
n.d.c |
n.d. |
16.9 |
449.7 |
|
|
Data analysis, digitizing (GIS Unit) |
- |
- |
33.7 |
899.3 |
|
|
Review of Forest Harvesting Map |
- |
- |
58.4 |
1558.8 |
|
|
Harvesting |
|||||
|
Felling and log extraction |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
|
|
Skidtrail preparation |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
|
|
Damage assessment |
- |
- |
54.7 |
1461.4 |
|
|
Compliance assessment |
- |
- |
33.6 |
899.3 |
|
Explanation:
a Productivity in relation to net operable area
b Average: Total volume extracted per total net production area divided by total number of crew days per activity
c No data available or data inconsistent
Note: Figures on productivity are based on the data obtained from 13 RIL blocks only; that is why the average harvesting volume amounts to 26.8 m³/ha instead of the total average of 27.8 m³/ha for 17 RIL blocks
|
Years after logging |
Gross volume [m³/ha] under harvesting system |
|
|
CL |
RIL |
|
|
0 |
333.3 |
333.3 |
|
5 |
304.5 |
321.3 |
|
10 |
282.7 |
318.5 |
|
15 |
263.3 |
323.6 |
|
20 |
259.8 |
320.9 |
|
25 |
247.4 |
319.1 |
|
30 |
229.6 |
317.2 |
|
35 |
225.7 |
316.6 |
|
40 |
196.3 |
317.4 |
Explanation:
Net production area: 39,103 ha
Net operable area: 34,078 ha
Annual allowable cut (AAC):
CL: 55,400 m³/y
RIL: 20,447 m³/y
Data obtained from Dipterocarp Forest Growth Simulation Model (DIPSIM) simulations.