Honey and beeswax
Nests of honey bees are found in all forest types. The estimated production of honey is about 5 to 10 tonnes per year. Bee management and beekeeping are still not developed in Lao PDR, but if developed, they could provide a sustainable, long-term means of exploiting the available flora. Honey is collected for household use as a food, as a sweetener and for the production of medicine. Wax is used for polishes, cosmetics and candle making (Ketphanh 1995).
In local markets, honey and wax can be sold quite easily, but export is difficult because the volume of production (10 tonnes per year) is small and producers lack information on quality improvement and marketing. The price paid to collectors is about US$0.80 to 1.00/litre, but in town markets, the price is about US$2.00/litre. Solidified wax is sold in local markets for US$4.00 to 5.00/kg (Ketphanh 1995).
Bushmeat
Several species of fish, frogs, shrimps, soft-shelled fresh water turtles, crabs, and other water animals are probably the most important sources of protein in most areas of Lao PDR. Wildlife is also an important source of protein in most rural areas. Over 1 400 species of wild animals have been identified and about 90 percent probably are used by local people (IUCN 2001). Some 31 mammal species, 24 bird species and 13 reptile species were recorded as being eaten (Foppes and Ketphanh 1997).
No official permit is issued for hunting and people hunt unprotected species. The species under the controlled category can also be hunted during the non-breeding season but only for food and not for sale. However, most animal species have been hunted heavily for subsistence use and local sale. Not only unprotected species, but a number of protected wildlife species like pangolins and several other animals are suffering from heavy illegal hunting.
Enfield, N.J., Ramangkhoun, B. & Vongkhamsao, V. 1998. Case study on constraints in marketing of non-timber forest products in Champasak Province, Lao PDR. Consultants Report 1/98. National Agriculture & Forestry Research Institute. Vientiane, Lao PDR, Forest Research Center.
Flint, C. 2000. Conservation and development for guardian villages in Dong Huasao national biodiversity conservation area. Consultancy Report. Biodiversity Conservation Project, IUCN.
Forsen, M., Larsson, J. & Samuelsson, S. 2001. Paper mulberry cultivation in the Luangprabang Province, Lao PDR: production, marketing and socio-economic aspects. Minor Field Studies No. 140. Uppsala, Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
Foppes, J. & Ketphanh, S. 2000. Draft: Forest extraction or cultivation ? Local solutions from Lao PDR. Paper for the workshop on The Evolution and Sustainability of "Intermediate Systems" of Forest Management, FOREASIA, 28 June to 1 July 2000, Lofoten, Norway.
Foppes, J. & Ketphanh, S. 1997. The use of non-timber forest products in Lao PDR. Paper presented at the workshop on Protected Area Management, Xishuangbanna, 38 November 1997. National Agriculture & Forestry Research Institute. Forest Research Center. Vientiane. Lao PDR.
IUCN. 2001. Draft: Conserving forests and alleviating poverty through sustainable production and trade in NTFPs. Proposal for the second phase of the Non-Timber Forest Products Project in Lao PDR. Vientiane, Lao PDR.
Ketphanh, S. 2001. Non-wood forest products in Lao Peoples Democratic Republic. In Beyond timber: social, economic and cultural dimensions of non-wood forest products in Asia and the Pacific. RAP Publication 1995/13. Bangkok, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.
Lamxay, V. 2001. Important non-timber forest products of Lao PDR.. Vientiane, Lao PDR, Forest Research Center.
Manivong, K. 1996. Forest resources dependency of rural community: a case study in two villages of Thaphabath District, Bolikhamxay Province, Lao PDR. A Master of Rural Development Management thesis. Khonkaen, Thailand, Khon Kaen University.
NTFP/Dept. Forestry. 1992. Proposal for sustainable utilisation of non-timber forest products in Lao PDR. Vientiane, Government of Lao PDR.
Saydala, K. & Lamxay, V. 2000. Non-timber forest products with commercial potential in Lao PDR. Vientiane, Lao PDR, Forest Research Center.
This report has been realized within the framework of the EC-FAO Partnership Programme "Sustainable Forest Management in Asia". The contents are based on available information at FAO headquarters in Rome, as well as on a report provided by Mr Khamphay Manivong.
The following persons have also contributed to the preparation of this report:
Mr Pheng Souvanthong, Deputy Head of Division of Forest Management and Protection, Department of Forestry; Mr Viloun Soydara, Senior Adviser, IUCN-NTFP Project; Mr Sounthone Ketphanh, IUCN-NTFP Project Director; Mr Soupany Siripoungno, Head of Provincial Forestry Section Champassak Province; Mr Bounsay Saphangthong, Deputy Director of the Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office, Champassak; Mr Houmpheng, Director of the Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office, Oudomxai; Mr Khamphone Sengdara, Deputy Head of NTFP Section, Forestry Research Centre; Mr Vongvilay Vongkhansao; Mr Vichit Lamxay and Mr Bandith Ramangkoun.
Additional information on NWFP in Lao PDR would be appreciated and duly acknowledged.
Government organizations, projects and consultancy firms
Contact persons, organization, district, phone, fax
Soupany Siripungno, Provincial Forestry Section, Pakse, (856-31) 212177
Bounthong Xaisida, National Food Programme, Chanthaboury
Chanthanet Boualapha, Science Technology and Environment Organization, Chanthaboury
Houmchitsavath Sodarak, Agroforestry Research Station, Luang Prabang, (856-71) 212099, 856 71 212467
Khamphay Manivong, Forestry Research Centre, Chanthaboury, (856-21) 513138, 856 21 732298
Mr Bandith Ramangkoun, Non-Timber Forest Products Information Centre, Xaythany, 0205118827, (856-21) 732298
Mr Bounlieng, Provincial Forestry Section, Phonhong, (856-23) 215590
Mr Chanthavone, Service of Border Trade, Xayabury
Mr Kham Deng Keopaseut, Agriculture and Forestry Division, Xamneua
Mr Bounlith, Provincial Forestry Section, Lamarm, (031) 212476
Mr Soukkaseum Bounsou, Provincial Forestry Section, Saysettha
Mr Bounthavy, Provincial Forestry Section, Thakhek, (856-51) 212067
Mr Khamsavai, Provincial Forestry Section, Xanakham
Mr Larmphone, Service of Border Trade, Xayabury
Mr Phouthong Sensulintha, Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office, Phonhong
Mr Some Ine, Provincial Forestry Section, Xamneua
Mr Syhanouvong, Provincial Forestry Section, Luang Prabang, (856-71) 212016, (856-71) 212016
Mr Sypheng Hommasouk, Trade Division, Xamneua
Nuntavan Bunyapraphatsara, Medicinal Plant Information Centre, Chanthaboury
Sichanh Vonglokham, Ministry of Education, Chanthaboury
Sithisone Thephasy, Ministry of Finance, Chanthaboury
Sounthone Khetphanh, NTFP Project, Chanthaboury, (856-20) 511653, 856 21 732298
Sykeo Sayaphet, Provincial Forestry Section, Khanthabo, (856-41) 212007, 856 41 212941
Phetsamay Vongkhammonty, Department of Forestry, Chanthaboury
Mr Veung Vang Boudtalad, (856-21) 215000
Dr Bounhoung, Medicinal Plant Research Centre, Sisattanath
Martin Grahame, Consultancy: Project Management and Development and Exports from the Lao PDR, Sikhottabong, (856-21) 214992; (856 20) 511952; e-mail: [email protected], (856 21) 214992
Dr Don Gilmore, IUCN Representative Office, Chanthaboury, (856-21) 216421, (856 21) 216422
Companies, factories, traders
Mrs Phouvieng, Phai Exclusive Trading Co. Ltd., Chanthaboury, (856-21) 214804
Mrs Vanh Seng Sisongkham, KLK Company, Chanthaboury, (856-21) 213320
Food Export-Import Enterprise Company, Pakse, (031) 212696
Bounhome Phommasan, Attapeu Export-Import Enterprise Ltd., Samakkhix, (031) 212449
Dr Visiane Luangkhamkeo, Phou doi Rattan Factory, Khamkheut, (846-54)
Kikham Phonsouk, Champakham Factory Plywood Industry Co., Ltd., Bachiangc, (031) 214121
Mr Armphaivarn, Oudom Sarp Co., Ltd., Pakse, (856-31) 212495
Mr Bounyoung, Saysanit Bamboo Factory, Naxaithong
Mr Bounphet, Say kham Export Co., Luang Prabang, (856-71) 212221, (856-71) 212221
Mr Chanua Fracis, Exp-Imp Forest Products Co., Chanthaboury, (856-21) 215665, (856-21) 222622
Mr Hong Phanthavong, Phanthavong Bamboo Factory, Sikhottabong, (856-21) 312384
Mr Kham Phet, Rattan Factory Lak Seip, Hadxaiphong
Mr Khampheng Vongkhanty, Exp-Imp Forest Products Co., Chanthaboury, (856-21) 215665, (856-21) 216261
Mr Maeisien, Semi and Finished Rattan Product Factory, Pakse, 856 (020) 212232
Mr Man Chai, Bamboo Shoot & Sugar Palm Cane Factory, Tonpheung, (856-84)
Mr Saikham, Rattan Factory, Phonhong, 856 (020) 511 171
Mr Sangthong, Rattan Handicraft Factory, Xayabury
Mr Sanine, Bamboo Shoot Factory, Phonhong
Mr Sombat, S.P Bamboo Factory, Chanthaboury, (856-21) 212856, (856-21) 212856
Mr Somsack, Forestry Development Co., Luang Prabang, (856-71) 212325
Mr Viliem Laolie, Sengpha Trading Import -Export Co.Ltd, Pakse
Mr Viphet Sihachack, Societe Commerciale Lao, Sisattanak, (856-21) 313964-5, (856-21) 313962
Mr Visai Sinchalien, Sinchalien Trading Import -Export Company, Khanthabo, (856-41) 212734
Mr Xiengkhamdie, Trading Development Exp-Imp Co., Luang Prabang, (856-71) 212215-6, (856-71) 212809
Mr Khambong Sivisay, Export-Import Development Company, Khanthabo, (856-41) 212794
Mr Khanphanin Lathsamy, D. Siva Trading, Khanthabo, (856-41) 212351
Mr Khonesavanh, Phathanaphanit Import- Export, Khanthabo
Mr. Manivanh Sengchane, No. 2 Company, Khanthabo, (856-41) 212234
Mrs Kham Ngod Vongsakda, Phet Khamxay Co. Ltd, Pakse, (856-31) 212202
Source: Non-Timber Forest Products Information Centre, Forestry Research Centre
Product |
Resource |
Economic value |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Category |
Import-ance |
Trade name Generic term |
Species |
Part used |
Habitat |
Source |
Desti-nation |
Quantity, value |
Remarks |
References |
|||||||||||||
1, 2, 3 |
F, P, O |
W, C |
N, I |
||||||||||||||||||||
Plants and plant products |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Food |
1 |
Bamboo shoots |
Dendrocalamus spp. |
F, O
|
W, C |
N, I |
Export of 10 000 kg (US$5 167) in 1998 |
Quota for dried shoots 200001: 187 MT |
Foppes and Ketphanh 1997; NIC Database |
||||||||||||||
1 |
Rattan fruits |
Calamus spp. |
fr |
F, P |
W, C |
N, I |
Export of rattan fruits: 65 882 kg in 1998 |
Foppes and Ketphanh 1997; NIC Database; Enfield et al. 1998; IUCN/DOF NTFP Project; Ketphanh 1995 |
|||||||||||||||
1 |
Sugar palm fruit |
Arenga westerhoutii Arenga pinnata |
fr |
F |
W |
N,I |
Export of 982 000 MT in 1998 (US$320 132) |
Quota 199498: 6 020 MT. The main market is Thailand |
Foppes and Ketphanh 1997; IUCN/DOF NTFP Project
|
||||||||||||||
1 |
Malva nuts |
Scaphium macropodum |
fr |
F |
W |
I,N |
US$ 3.003.70/kg Export of 837 940 kg in 1998 (US$1 340 704) |
Due to irregular fruiting, production and exports are irregular. Most recent harvesting years: 1995, 1998 & 2001. Main market: China. Quota 200001: 1 700 MT |
Foppes and Ketphanh 1997; Flint 2000; IUCN/DOF NTFP Project |
||||||||||||||
Medicines |
1 |
Cardamom |
Amomum sp. |
(f) |
F,P,O |
W,C |
I |
Export of 424 347 kg in 1998 (US$23 763 43) Annual production of at least 200250 MT of seeds. Export price/kg: US$5.60 |
Quota 199498: 3 877 MT. 300600 kg/ha yield. It accounts for 90% of export income |
Saydala and Lamxay 2000; IUCN/DOF; Lamxay 2001; Ingles et al. 1998; Ketphanh 1995; NIC Database |
|||||||||||||
Yahoa medicine |
Smilax glabra |
Export of 33 000 kg in 1998 |
Quota 200001: 10 MT |
IUCN/DOF NTFP Project |
|||||||||||||||||||
Perfumes, cosmetics |
1 |
Eaglewood |
Aquilaria spp. |
pl |
F |
W |
I |
Export of 26 192 kg in 1998 |
IUCN/DOF NTFP Project; Foppes and Ketphanh 1997 |
||||||||||||||
1 |
Bong bark |
Notaphoebe umbelliflora Persea kuzii Persea umbelliflora |
ba |
F |
W |
N, I |
Export of 286 710 kg in 1998 (US$91 747) |
Quota: 1 200 MT in 200001 |
Saydala and Lamxay 2001 |
||||||||||||||
1 |
Sa pan, peuak meuak |
Boemeria malabarica |
ba |
F |
W |
N |
Exports for 199698 averaged 168 MT p/a (annually US$37 800) |
Mainly exported to China |
Flint 2000 |
||||||||||||||
Utensils, handicrafts and construction materials |
2 |
Paper mulberry |
Broussonnetia papyrifera |
bark |
P,O,F |
W,C |
N,I |
Export of 400 000 kg in 1998 (US$ 200 000) |
Quota 200001: 825 MT. Farm gate price for dried bark: US$ 0.23/kg in 2000,export price for Grade A US$0.92/kg and for Grade B US$0.85/kg Production of pulp 440 MT p/a of which 80% is exported to Thailand, 10% to South Korea and 10% to China |
Jensen et al. 2001; Foppes and Ketphanh 1997; Forsen et al. 2001; IUCN/DOF NTFP Project |
|||||||||||||
3 |
Broom grass Tiger grass |
Thysanolaema maxima Thysanolaema latifolia |
(l) |
F,O |
W,C |
N, I |
Price at local markets: US$0.250.60/kg Export: 825 542 kg (US$350 022) |
Quota: 1 140 MT in 200001 |
Lamxay 2001; Foppes and Ketphanh 1997; IUCN/DOF NTFP |
||||||||||||||
1 |
Bamboo |
Gigantochloa albociliata Bambusa arundianaria Bambusa nana Bambusa tulda Cephalostachyumvirgatum Oxythenanthera parvifolia Bambusa blumeana Neuhouzea mekkhongensis Dendrocalamus sp. |
st |
F, O
|
W, C |
N |
Export of culms 161 466 kg (US$5 167) in 1998. The use of bamboo culms in Vientiane about 1 000 000 culms p/a; price for 5 m long culm is US$0.200.40 |
Quota issued 200001 for culms: 1 633 000 pieces In Vientiane, bamboo processing factories provide work for about 1 500 people |
Foppes and Ketphanh 1997; NIC Database; Ketphanh 1995 |
||||||||||||||
1 |
Rattan |
Calamus tenuis Daemonorops schmidtiana Calamus javanensis Calamus poilanei Calamus palustris |
st |
F,P |
W,C |
N, I |
Export value 199498 was about $0.5 millillion Export of rattan fruits 65 882 in 1998 and of rattan canes 12 000 kg (US$1 200) |
Quotas issued: 200001: 1 150 000 pieces of big cane, 565 000 pieces of small cane, 11 MT of fruit |
Foppes and Ketphanh 1997; NIC Database; Enfield et al. 1998; IUCN/DOF NTFP Project; Ketphanh 1995 |
Product |
Resource |
Economic value |
||||||||||||||||||
Category |
Import-ance |
Trade name Generic term |
Species |
Part used |
Habitat |
Source |
Desti-nation |
Quantity, value |
Remarks |
References |
||||||||||
1, 2, 3 |
F, P, O |
W, C |
N, I |
|||||||||||||||||
Plants and plant products |
||||||||||||||||||||
Ornamentals |
1 |
Orchid stems |
Dendrobium spp. |
st |
F |
W |
N, I |
Export of 68 015 kg in 1998 |
Quota 200001: 33 MT |
Foppes and Ketphanh 1997 IUCN/DOF NTFP Project |
||||||||||
Exudates |
1 |
Damar resin |
Shorea spp. (Shorea obtusa Shorea derrii Vatica cinerea Anisoptera costata) |
F |
W |
I |
Quota issued 1994-98 96 566 MT. Export of 1 525 566 kg in 1998 (US$305 113) |
Production potential of a tree with a diameter more than 30 cm: 1520 kg Exports mainly to Thailand |
Foppes and Ketphanh 1997; Lamxay 2001; IUCN/DOF NTFP Project; Manivong, 1996; NIC Database |
|||||||||||
1 |
Oleoresin |
Dipterocarpus alatus |
(e) |
F |
W |
N,I |
Export of 274 400 kg (US$92 198) in 1998 |
Foppes and Ketphanh 1997; NIC Database; Cleron 1998 |
||||||||||||
1 |
Benzoin |
Styrax tonkinensis |
(e) |
F |
W |
I |
Export of 15 500 kg in 1998 (US$46 500) |
Quota: 35 MT in 200001 |
NIC Database; IUCN/DOF NTFP Project |
|||||||||||
Meuak bark |
Debregaesia hypoleuca |
I |
Export of 91 500 kg (US$18 300) in 1998 |
Quota 200001: 70 MT |
IUCN/DOF NTFP Project |
|||||||||||||||
1 |
Fern roots |
Helminthostachys zeylanica |
F |
W |
N, I |
Export of 816 kg (US$2 530) in 1997 |
Quota 199498: 50 MT Quota 200001: 50 MT |
NIC Database; IUCN/DOF NTFP Project |
||||||||||||
1 |
Vomica nuts |
Strychnos nux-vomica |
nu |
F |
W |
N, I |
Export of 25 130 kg (US$2 010) in 1998 |
Quota 200001: 35 MT |
NIC Database; IUCN/DOF NTFP Project |
|||||||||||
1 |
Dragons blood plants |
Draceana spp. |
e |
F |
W |
N, I |
Export of 178 000 kg in 1998 (US$71 200) |
Quota 200001: 105 MT |
Foppes and Ketpanh 1997; IUCN/DOF NTFP Project |
|||||||||||
Sisiet bark |
Pentace siamensis |
Export of 8 780 kg in 1997 |
IUCN/DOF NTFP Project |
|||||||||||||||||
Sticklack |
Lacca spp. |
Export of 156 500 kg in 1998 |
IUCN/DOF NTFP Project |
|||||||||||||||||
1 |
Berberin vine |
Coscitum usitatum |
st |
F |
W |
N,I |
Export of 23 900 kg in 1998 |
Quota 200001: 1 690 MT |
NIC Database; IUCN/DOF NTFP Project |
Product |
Resource |
Economic value |
||||||||
Category |
Import-ance |
Trade name Generic term |
Species |
Part used |
Habitat |
Source |
Desti-nation |
Quantity, value |
Remarks |
References |
1, 2, 3 |
F, P, O |
W, C |
N, I |
|||||||
Animals and animal products |
||||||||||
Honey, beeswax |
Honey and wax |
F |
W |
N |
Estimated production p/a: 510 MT |
In local rural markets the price paid to collectors is US$0.801.00/litre, in town markets US$2.00/litre Solified wax sold in local markets for US$4.005.00/kg |
Ketphanh 1995 |
|||
Other edible animal products |
Dried lizards |
Gecko spp. |
Export of 2 114 kg (US$25 232) in 1996 |
IUCN/DOF NTFP Project |
Importance: 1 high importance at the national level; 2 high importance at the local/regional level; 3 low importance
Parts used: an whole animal; ba bark; bw beeswax; le leaves; nu nuts; fi fibres; fl flowers; fr fruits; gu gums;
ho honey; la latex; oi oil; pl whole plant; re resins; ro roots; sa sap; se seeds; st stem; ta tannins
Habitat: F natural forest or other wooded lands; P plantation; O trees outside forests (e.g. agroforestry, home gardens)
Source: W wild, C cultivated
Destination: N national; I international