Table of Contents


CONTENTS
TABLE DES MATIERES
INDICE (Contd.)

SPECIES SYNOPSES
SYNOPSIS D'ESPECES
SINOPSIS DE ESPECIES

10    Sinopsis de datos biologicos sobre el camarón blanco Penaeus schmitti Burkenroad, 1936, por Isabel Pérez-Farfante

RESUMEN 1

1 IDENTIDAD

1.1 Nomenclatura

1.11 Nombre válido
1.12 Sinonimia objetiva

1.2 Taxonomía

1.21 Afinidades
1.22 Status taxonómico
1.23 Subespecies
1.24 Nombres vulgares corrientes y nombres vernáculos

1.3 Morfología

1.31 Morfología externa
1.32 Citomorfología*
1.33 Especificidad proteínica*

2 DISTRIBUCION

2.1 Area total

2.2 Distribución diferencial

2.21 Huevos, larvas y estadios juveniles
2.22 Adultos

2.3 Determinantes de la distribución*

2.4 Hibridación*

3 BIONOMIA Y CICLO VITAL

3.1 Reproducción

3.11 Sexualidad
3.12 Madurez sexual
3.13 Cópula
3.14 Fertilización
3.15 Gónadas
3.16 Desove
3.17 Freza*

3.2 Fase pre-adulta

3.21 Fase embrionaria
3.22 Fase larval *
3.23 Fase juvenil

3.3 Fase adulta

3.31 Longevidad
3.32 Resistencia*
3.33 Competidores*
3.34 Predadores
3.35 Parásitos, enfermedades, lesiones y anormalidades

3.4 Nutrición y crecimiento

3.41 Alimentación*
3.42 Alimentos
3.43 Tasa de crecimiento
3.44 Metabolismo*

3.5 Hábitos

3.51 Migraciones y desplazamientos locales
3.52 Cardúmenes
3.53 Reacción a los estímulos

4 POBLACION*

4.1 Estructura*

4.11 Proporción de sexos
4.12 Composición por edades
4.13 Composición por tallas

4.2 Abundancia y densidad de la población*

4.21 Abundancia media
4.22 Cambios en la abundancia
4.23 Densidad media
4.24 Cambios en la densidad

4.3 Natalidad y reclutamiento*

4.31 Tasas de reproducción
4.32 Factores que influyen en la reproducción
4.33 Reclutamiento

4.4 Mortalidad y morbicidad*

4.41 Tasas de mortalidad
4.42 Factores causantes de la mortalidad o que influyen en ella
4.43 Factores que influyen en la morbicidad
4.44 Relación entre las tasas de morbicidad y de mortalidad

4.5 Dinámica de la población (en su conjunto)*

4.6 La población en la comunidad y en el ecosistema*

5 EXPLOTACION

5.1 Equipo de pesca

5.11 Artes de pesca
5.12 Embarcaciones

5.2 Areas de pesca

5.21 Distribución geográfica general
5.22 Distribución geográfica
5.23 Distribución en profundidad
5.24 Condiciones de los caladeros

5.3 Temporadas de pesca

5.31 Características generales de la temporada (s)
5.32 Fechas del comienzo del punto culminante y fin de la temporada*
5.33 Variación en la fecha o duración de la temporada*

5.4 Operaciones pesqueras y sus resultados

5.41 Esfuerzo e intensidad*
5.42 Selectividad*
5.43 Capturas

6 PROTECCION Y ORDENACION

6.1 Medidas reguladoras (legislativas)

6.11 Limitación o reducción de las capturas totales
6.12 Protección de partes de la población*

6.2 Regulación o modificación de las características físicas del medio ambiente*

6.21 Regulación del caudal
6.22 Regulación de los niveles de las aguas
6.23 Lucha contra la erosión y la sedimentación de fango
6.24 Pasos para peces en las obstrucciones naturales y artificiales
6.25 Rejillas para peces
6.26 Mejora de los lugares de desove
6.27 Mejora del habitat

6.3 Regulación o modificación de las características químicas del medio ambiente*

6.31 Lucha contra la contaminación de las aguas
6.32 Regulación de la salinidad
6.33 Fertilización artifical de las aguas

6.4 Regulación o modificación de las características biológicas del medio ambiente*

6.41 Lucha contra la vegetación acuática
6.42 Introducción de alimentos para los peces (vegetales, invertebrados, peces no voraces)
6.43 Lucha contra los parásitos y las enfermedades
6.44 Lucha contra la predación y la competencia
6.45 Manipulación de poblaciones

6.5 Repoblación artificial*

6.51 Repoblación de mantenimiento
6.52 Trasplante, introducción

7 PISCICULTURA EN ESTANQUES*

8 REFERENCIAS

1 Esta Sinopsis ha sido preparada según el esquema de la versión número 2 (H. Rosa Jr., FAO Fish.Synop., (1) Rev. 1, 1965).

* Como la autora no disponía de datos respecto a estos epígrafos, éstos han sido omitidos en el texto.

11    Synopsis of biological data on the white shrimp Penaeus setiferus (Linnaeus) 1767, by M.J. Lindner and H.L. Cook

CONTENTS1

1 IDENTITY

1.1 Nomenclature

1.11 Valid name
1.12 Objective synonymy

1.2 Taxonomy

1.21 Affinities
1.22 Taxonomic status
1.23 Subspecies
1.24 Standard common names, vernacular names

1.3 Morphology

1.31 External morphology
1.32 Cyto-morphology *
1.33 Protein specificity

2 DISTRIBUTION

2.1 Total area

2.2 Differential distribution

2.21 Spawn, larvae and juveniles
2.22 Adults

2.3 Determinants of distribution changes

2.4 Hybridization *

3 BIONOMICS AND LIFE HISTORY

3.1 Reproduction

3.11 Sexuality
3.12 Maturity
3.13 Mating
3.14 Fertilization
3.15 Gonads
3.16 Spawning
3.17 Spawn

3.2 Pre-adult phase

3.21 Embryonic phase
3.22 Larval phase
3.23 Adolescent phase

3.3 Adult phase

3.31 Longevity
3.32 Hardiness
3.33 Competitors
3.34 Predators
3.35 Parasites, diseases, injuries and abnormalities

3.4 Nutrition and growth

3.41 Feeding
3.42 Food
3.43 Growth rate
3.44 Metabolism

3.5 Behaviour

3.51 Migrations and local movements
3.52 Schooling
3.53 Responses to stimuli

4 POPULATION

4.1 Structure

4.11 Sex ratio
4.12 Age composition
4.13 Size composition

4.2 Abundance and density of population

4.21 Average abundance *
4.22 Changes in abundance
4.23 Average density
4.24 Changes in density

4.3 Natality and recruitment

4.31 Reproduction rates *
4.32 Factors affecting reproduction *
4.33 Recruitment

4.4 Mortality and morbidity

4.41 Mortality rates
4.42 Factors causing or affecting mortality
4.43 Factors affecting morbidity
4.44 Relation of morbidity to mortality rates *

4.5 Dynamics of population (as a whole) *

4.6 The population in the community and the ecosystem

5 EXPLOITATION

5.1 Fishing equipment

5.11 Gears
5.12 Boats

5.2 Fishing areas

5.21 General geographic distribution
5.22 Geographic ranges
5.23 Depth ranges
5.24 Conditions of the grounds

5.3 Fishing seasons

5.31 General pattern of season(s) *
5.32 Dates of beginning, peak and end of season(s) *
5.33 Variation in date or duration of season *

5.4 Fishing operations and results

5.41 Effort and intensity
5.42 Selectivity
5.43 Catches

6 PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

6.1 Regulatory (legislative) measures

6.11 Limitation or reduction of total catch *
6.12 Protection of portions of population *

6.2 Control or alteration of physical features of the environment

6.21 Regulation of flow *
6.22 Control of water levels *
6.23 Control of erosion and silting *
6.24 Fishways at artificial and natural obstructions *
6.25 Fish screens *
6.26 Improvement of spawning grounds *
6.27 Habitat improvement *

6.3 Control or alteration of chemical features of the environment *

6.31 Water pollution control
6.32 Salinity control
6.33 Artificial fertilization of waters

6.4 Control or alterations of the biological features of the environment *

6.41 Control of aquatic vegetation
6.42 Introduction of fish foods (plant, invertebrate, forage fishes)
6.43 Control of parasites and disease
6.44 Control of predation and competition
6.45 Population manipulation

6.5 Artificial stocking *

6.51 Maintenance stocking
6.52 Transplantation; introduction

7 POND FISH CULTURE

8 REFERENCES

1 This synopsis has been prepared according to Outline Version No. 2 (H. Rosa Jr., FAO Fish. Synops., (1) Rev. 1, 1965).

* As no information was available to the author, these items have been omitted from the text.

12    Synopsis of biological data on the brown shrimp Penaeus aztecus aztecus Ives, 1891, by H.L. Cook and M.J. Lindner

CONTENTS1

1 IDENTITY

1.1 Nomenclature

1.11 Valid name
1.12 Objective synonymy

1.2 Taxonomy

1.21 Affinities
1.22 Taxonomic status
1.23 Subspecies
1.24 Standard common names, vernacular names

1.3 Morphology

1.31 External morphology
1.32 Cyto-morphology *
1.33 Protein specificity

2 DISTRIBUTION

2.1 Total area

2.2 Differential distribution

2.21 Spawn, larvae and juveniles
2.22 Adults

2.3 Determinants of distribution changes

2.4 Hybridization *

3 BIONOMICS AND LIFE HISTORY

3.1 Reproduction

3.11 Sexuality
3.12 Maturity
3.13 Mating
3.14 Fertilization
3.15 Gonads
3.16 Spawning
3.17 Spawn

3.2 Pre-adult phase

3.21 Embryonic phase
3.22 Larval phase
3.23 Adolescent phase

3.3 Adult phase

3.31 Longevity
3.32 Hardiness
3.33 Competitors
3.34 Predators
3.35 Parasites, diseases, injuries and abnormalities

3.4 Nutrition and growth

3.41 Feeding
3.42 Food
3.43 Growth rate
3.44 Metabolism

3.5 Behaviour

3.51 Migrations and local movements
3.52 Schooling
3.53 Responses to stimuli

4 POPULATION

4.1 Structure

4.11 Sex ratio
4.12 Age composition
4.13 Size composition

4.2 Abundance and density of population

4.21 Average abundance *
4.22 Changes in abundance
4.23 Average density
4.24 Changes in density

4.3 Natality and recruitment

4.31 Reproduction rates *
4.32 Factors affecting reproduction *
4.33 Recruitment

4.4 Mortality and morbidity

4.41 Mortality rates
4.42 Factors causing or affecting mortality
4.43 Factors affecting morbidity *
4.44 Relation of morbidity to mortality rates *

4.5 Dynamics of population (as a whole)

4.6 The population in the community and the ecosystem

5 EXPLOITATION

5.1 Fishing equipment

5.11 Gears
5.12 Boats

5.2 Fishing areas

5.21 General geographic distribution
5.22 Geographic ranges
5.23 Depth ranges
5.24 Conditions of the grounds *

5.3 Fishing seasons

5.31 General pattern of season(s)
5.32 Dates of beginning, peak and end of season(s)
5.33 Variation in date or duration of season *

5.4 Fishing operations and results

5.41 Effort and intensity
5.42 Selectivity
5.43 Catches

6 PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

6.1 Regulatory (legislative) measures

6.11 Limitation or reduction of total catch
6.12 Protection of portions of population

6.2 Control or alteration of physical features of the environment

6.21 Regulation of flow *
6.22 Control of water levels *
6.23 Control of erosion and silting *
6.24 Fishways at artificial and natural obstructions *
6.25 Fish screens *
6.26 Improvement of spawning grounds *
6.27 Habitat improvement *

6.3 Control or alteration of chemical features of the environment

6.31 Water pollution control *
6.32 Salinity control *
6.33 Artificial fertilization of waters *

6.4 Control or alteration of the biological features of the environment

6.41 Control of aquatic vegetation *
6.42 Introduction of fish foods (plants, invertebrate, forage fishes) *
6.43 Control of parasites and disease *
6.44 Control of predation and competition *
6.45 Population manipulation *

6.5 Artificial stocking

6.51 Maintenance stocking *
6.52 Transplantation; introduction *

7 POND FISH CULTURE

7.1 Procurement of stocks
7.2 Genetic selection of stocks*
7.3 Spawning (artificial; induced; natural)
7.4 Holding of stock *
7.5 Pond management (fertilization; aquatic plant control; etc.)
7.6 Foods; feeding
7.7 Disease and parasite control*
7.8 Harvest*
7.9 Transport *

8 REFERENCES

1 This synopsis has been prepared according to Outline Version No. 2. (H. Rosa Jr., FAO Fish.Synops., (1) Rev.1, 1965).

* As no information was available to the author, these items have been omitted from the text.

13    Synopsis of biological data on the pink shrimp Penaeus duorarum duorarum Burkenroad, 1939, by T.J. Costello and Donald M. Allen

CONTENTS 1

1 IDENTITY

1.1 Nomenclature

1.11 Valid name
1.12 Objective synonymy

1.2 Taxonomy

1.21 Affinities
1.22 Taxonomic status
1.23 Subspecies
1.24 Standard common names, vernacular names

1.3 Morphology

1.31 External morphology
1.32 Cyto-morphology*
1.33 Protein specificity

2 DISTRIBUTION

2.1 Total area
2.2 Differential distribution

2.21 Spawn, larvae and juveniles
2.22 Adults

2.3 Determinants of distribution changes

2.4 Hybridization*

3 BIONOMICS AND LIFE HISTORY

3.1 Reproduction

3.11 Sexuality
3.12 Maturity
3.13 Mating
3.14 Fertilization
3.15 Gonads
3.16 Spawning
3.17 Spawn

3.2 Pre-adult phase

3.21 Embryonic phase
3.22 Larval phase
3.23 Adolescent phase

3.3 Adult phase

3.31 Longevity
3.32 Hardiness
3.33 Competitors
3.34 Predators
3.35 Parasites, diseases, injuries and abnormalities

3.4 Nutrition and growth

3.41 Feeding
3.42 Food
3.43 Growth rate
3.44 Metabolism

3.5 Behaviour

3.51 Migrations and local movements
3.52 Schooling
3.53 Responses to stimuli

4 POPULATION

4.1 Structure

4.11 Sex ratio
4.12 Age composition
4.13 Size composition

4.2 Abundance and density of population

4.21 Average abundance*
4.22 Changes in abundance
4.23 Average density*
4.24 Changes in density

4.3 Natality and recruitment

4.31 Reproduction rates
4.32 Factors affecting reproduction
4.33 Recruitment

4.4 Mortality and morbidity

4.41 Mortality rates
4.42 Factors causing or affecting mortality
4.43 Factors affecting morbidity
4.44 Relation of morbidity to mortality rates*

4.5 Dynamics of population (as a whole)*

4.6 The population in the community and the ecosystem

5 EXPLOITATION

5.1 Fishing equipment

5.11 Gears
5.12 Boats

5.2 Fishing areas

5.21 General geographic distribution
5.22 Geographic ranges
5.23 Depth ranges
5.24 Conditions of the grounds

5.3 Fishing seasons

5.31 General pattern of seasons
5.32 Dates of beginning, peak and end of seasons*
5.33 Variation in date or duration of seasons*

5.4 Fishing operations and results

5.41 Effort and intensity
5.42 Selectivity
5.43 Catches

6 PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

6.1 Regulatory (legislative) measures

6.11 Limitation or reduction of total catch
6.12 Protection of portions of population

6.2 Control or alteration of physical features of the environment*

6.21 Regulation of flow
6.22 Control of water levels
6.23 Control of erosion and silting
6.24 Fishways at artificial and natural obstructions
6.25 Fish screens
6.26 Improvement of spawning grounds
6.27 Habitat improvement

6.3 Control or alteration of chemical features of the environment*

6.31 Water pollution control
6.32 Salinity control
6.33 Artificial fertilization of waters

6.4 Control or alternations of the biological features of the environment*

6.41 Control of aquatic vegetation
6.42 Introduction of fish foods (plant, invertebrate, forage fishes)
6.43 Control of parasites and disease
6.44 Control of predation and competition
6.45 Population manipulation

6.5 Artificial stocking*

6.51 Maintenance stocking
6.52 Transplantation; introduction

7 POND FISH CULTURE

7.1 Procurement of stocks

7.2 Genetic selection of stocks*

7.3 Spawning (artificial; induced; natural)

7.4 Holding of stock

7.5 Pond management (fertilization; aquatic plant control, etc.)*

7.6 Foods; feeding

7.7 Disease and parasite control*

7.8 Harvest*

7.9 Transport*

8 REFERENCES

1 This synopsis has been prepared according to Outline Version No. 2 (H. Rosa Jr., FAO Fish.Synops., (1) Rev.1, 1965).

* As no information was available to the authors, these subjects are not listed in the text.

14    Synopsis of biological data on the penaeid prawn Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius, 1798), by M.J. George

CONTENTS1

1 IDENTITY

1.1 Taxonomy

1.1.1 Definition
1.1.2 Description

1.2 Nomenclature

1.2.1 Valid scientific names
1.2.2 Synonyms
1.2.3 Standard common names, vernacular names

1.3 General variability

1.3.1 Subspecific fragmentation (races, varieties, hybrids)
1.3.2 Genetic data (chromosome number, protein specificity)*

2 DISTRIBUTION

2.1 Delimitation of the total area of distribution and ecological characterization of this area

2.2 Differential distribution

2.2.1 Areas occupied by eggs, larvae and other junior stages: annual variations in these patterns, and seasonal variations for stages persisting over two or more seasons
2.2.2 Areas occupied by adult stages: seasonal and annual variations of these

2.3 Behaviouristic and ecological determinants of the general limits of distribution and of the variations of these limits and of differential distribution*

3 BIONOMICS AND LIFE HISTORY

3.1 Reproduction

3.1.1 Sexuality (hermaphroditism, heterosexuality, intersexuality)
3.1.2 Maturity (age and size)
3.1.3 Mating (monogamous, polygamous, promiscuous)*
3.1.4 Fertilization (internal, external)
3.1.5 Fecundity*
3.1.6 Spawning
3.1.7 Spawning grounds
3.1.8 Egg: structure, size, hatching type, parasites, and predators*

3.2 Larval history

3.2.1 Account of embryonic and juvenile life (prelarva, larva, postlarva, juvenile)

3.3 Adult history

3.3.1 Longevity
3.3.2 Hardiness
3.3.3 Competitors*
3.3.4 Predators*
3.3.5 Parasites and diseases*
3.3.6 Greatest size

3.4 Nutrition and growth

3.4.1 Feeding (time, place, manner, season)*
3.4.2 Food (type, volume)
3.4.3 Relative and absolute growth patterns and rates
3.4.4 Relation of growth to feeding to other activities, and to environmental factors*

3.5 Behaviour

3.5.1 Migration and local movements
3.5.2 Schooling*
3.5.3 Reproductive habits*

4 POPULATION (STOCK)

4.1 Structure

4.1.1 Sex ratio
4.1.2 Age composition
4.1.3 Size composition

4.2 Size and density*

4.2.1 Average size
4.2.2 Changes in size
4.2.3 Average density
4.2.4 Changes in density

4.3 Natality and recruitment

4.3.1 Natality
4.3.2 Natality rates*

4.4 Mortality, morbidity*

4.4.1 Rates of mortality
4.4.2 Factors or conditions affecting mortality
4.4.3 Factors or conditions affecting morbidity
4.4.4 Relation of morbidity to mortality rates

4.5 Dynamics of population*

4.6 Relation of population to community and ecosystem, biological production, etc.*

5 EXPLOITATION

5.1 Fishing equipment

5.1.1 Fishing gear
5.1.2 Fishing boats

5.2 Fishing areas

5.2.1 General geographic distribution
5.2.2 Geographical ranges (latitudes, distances from coast, etc.)
5.2.3 Depth ranges

5.3 Fishing seasons

5.3.1 General pattern of fishing season
5.3.2 Duration of fishing season*
5.3.3 Dates of beginning, peak and end of season
5.3.4 Variation in time or duration of fishing season
5.3.5 Factors affecting fishing season

5.4 Fishing operations and results

5.4.1 Effort and intensity
5.4.2 Selectivity*
5.4.3 Catches

5.5 Fisheries management and regulations

5.6 Fish farming, transplanting and other intervention

6 REFERENCES

1 This synopsis has been prepared according to Outline Version No. 1 (H. Rosa, Jr., FAO Fish, Synops., (1) Rev. 1, 1965).

* As no information was available to the author, these items have been omitted from the text.

15    Synopsis of biological data on the penaeid prawn Metapenaeus brevicornis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), by M.J. George

CONTENTS1

1 IDENTITY

1.1 Taxonomy

1.1.1 Definition
1.1.2 Description

1.2 Nomenclature

1.2.1 Valid scientific names
1.2.2 Synonyms
1.2.3 Standard common names, vernacular names

1.3 General variability

1.3.1 Subspecific fragmentation (races, varieties, hybrids)
1.3.2 Genetic data (chromosome number, protein specificity) *

2 DISTRIBUTION

2.1 Delimitation of the total area of distribution and ecological characteristization of this area

2.2 Differential distribution

2.2.1 Areas occupied by eggs, larvae and other junior stages: annual variations in these patterns, and seasonal variations for stages persisting over two or more seasons
2.2.2 Areas occupied by adult stages: seasonal and annual variations of these

2.3 Behaviouristic and ecological determinants of the general limits of distribution and of the variations of these limits and of differential distribution *

3 BIONOMICS AND LIFE HISTORY

3.1 Reproduction

3.1.1 Sexuality (hermaphroditism, heterosexuality, intersexuality)
3.1.2 Maturity (age and size)
3.1.3 Mating (monogamous, polygamous, promiscuous) *
3.1.4 Fertilization (internal, external)
3.1.5 Fecundity *
3.1.6 Spawning
3.1.7 Spawning grounds
3.1.8 Egg: structure, size, hatching type, parasites, and predators *

3.2 Larval history

3.2.1 Account of embryonic and juvenile life (prelarva, larva, postlarva, juvenile)

3.3 Adult history

3.3.1 Longevity
3.3.2 Hardiness
3.3.3 Competitors
3.3.4 Predators
3.3.5 Parasites and diseases *
3.3.6 Greatest size

3.4 Nutrition and growth

3.4.1 Feeding (time, place, manner, season)
3.4.2 Food (type, volume)
3.4.3 Relative and absolute growth patterns and rates
3.4.4 Relation of growth to feeding, to other activities, and to environmental factors

3.5 Behaviour

3.5.1 Migration and local movements
3.5.2 Schooling *
3.5.3 Reproductive habits *

4 POPULATION (STOCK)

4.1 Structure

4.1.1 Sex ratio
4.1.2 Age composition
4.1.3 Size composition

4.2 Size and density *

4.2.1 Average size
4.2.2 Changes in size
4.2.3 Average density
4.2.4 Changes in density

4.3 Natality and recruitment *

4.3.1 Natality
4.3.2 Natality rates

4.4 Mortality, morbidity *

4.4.1 Rates of mortality
4.4.2 Factors or conditions affecting mortality
4.4.3 Factors or conditions affecting morbidity
4.4.4 Relation of morbidity to mortality rates

4.5 Dynamics of population *

4.6 Relation of population to community and ecosystem, biological production, etc. *

5 EXPLOITATION

5.1 Fishing equipment

5.1.1 Fishing gear
5.1.2 Fishing boats

5.2 Fishing areas

5.2.1 General geographic distribution
5.2.2 Geographical ranges (latitudes, distances from coast, etc.)
5.2.3 Depth ranges

5.3 Fishing seasons

5.3.1 General pattern of fishing season
5.3.2 Duration of fishing season *
5.3.3 Dates of beginning, peak and end of season
5.3.4 Variation in time or duration of fishing season *
5.3.5 Factors affecting fishing season

5.4 Fishing operations and results

5.4.1 Effort and intensity *
5.4.2 Selectivity
5.4.3 Catches

5.5 Fisheries management and regulations *

5.6 Fish farming, transplanting and other intervention *

6 REFERENCES

1 This synopsis has been prepared according to Outline Version No. 1 (H. Rosa Jr., FAO Fish Synops., (1) Rev.1, 1965).

* As no information was available to the author, these items have been omitted from the text.

16    Synopsis of biological data on the penaeid prawn Parapenaeopsis stylifera (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), by P. Vedayasa Rao

CONTENTS1

1 IDENTITY

1.1 Nomenclature

1.11 Valid name
1.12 Objective synonymy

1.2 Taxonomy

1.21 Affinities
1.22 Taxonomic status
1.23 Subspecies
1.24 Standard common names, vernacular names

1.3 Morphology

1.31 External morphology
1.32 Cyto-morphology *
1.33 Protein specificity *

2 DISTRIBUTION

2.1 Total area

2.2 Differential distribution

2.21 Spawn, larvae and juveniles
2.22 Adults

2.3 Determinants of distribution changes

2.4 Hybridization *

3 BIONOMICS AND LIFE HISTORY

3.1 Reproduction

3.11 Sexuality
3.12 Maturity
3.13 Mating
3.14 Fertilization
3.15 Gonads
3.16 Spawning
3.17 Spawn

3.2 Pre-adult phase

3.21 Embryonic phase *
3.22 Larval phase
3.23 Adolescent phase

3.3 Adult phase

3.31 Longevity
3.32 Hardiness
3.33 Competitors
3.34 Predators
3.35 Parasites, diseases, injuries and abnormalities

3.4 Nutrition and growth

3.41 Feeding *
3.42 Food
3.43 Growth rate
3.44 Metabolism *

3.5 Behaviour

3.51 Migrations and local movements
3.52 Schooling
3.53 Responses to stimuli *

4 POPULATION

4.1 Structure

4.11 Sex ratio
4.12 Age composition
4.13 Size composition

4.2 Abundance and density of population

4.21 Average abundance
4.22 Changes in abundance
4.23 Average density *
4.24 Changes in density

4.3 Natality and recruitment

4.31 Reproduction rates
4.32 Factors affecting reproduction
4.33 Recruitment

4.4 Mortality and morbidity *

4.41 Mortality rates
4.42 Factors causing or affecting mortality
4.43 Factors affecting morbidity
4.44 Relation of morbidity to mortality rates

4.5 Dynamics of population (as a whole) *

4.6 The population in the community and the ecosystem

5 EXPLOITATION

5.1 Fishing equipment

5.11 Gears
5.12 Boats

5.2 Fishing areas

5.21 General geographic distribution
5.22 Geographic ranges
5.23 Depth ranges
5.24 Conditions of the grounds

5.3 Fishing seasons

5.31 General pattern of season(s)
5.32 Dates of beginning, peak and end of season(s)
5.33 Variation in date or duration of season*

5.4 Fishing operations and results

5.41 Effort and intensity
5.42 Selectivity
5.43 Catches

6 PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

6.1 Regulatory (legislative) measures

6.11 Limitation or reduction of total catch
6.12 Protection of portions of population*

6.2 Control or alteration of physical features of the environment*

6.21 Regulation of flow
6.22 Control of water levels
6.23 Control of erosion and silting
6.24 Fishways at artificial and natural obstructions
6.25 Fish screens
6.26 Improvement of spawning grounds
6.27 Habitat improvement

6.3 Control or alteration of chemical features of the environment*

6.31 Water pollution control
6.32 Salinity control
6.33 Artificial fertilization of waters

6.4 Control or alternations of the biological features of the environment*

6.41 Control of aquatic vegetation
6.42 Introduction of fish foods (plant, invertebrate, forage fishes)
6.43 Control of parasites and disease
6.44 Control of predation and competition
6.45 Population manipulation

6.5 Artificial stocking*

6.51 Maintenance stocking
6.52 Transplantation; introduction

7 POND FISH CULTURE*

8 REFERENCES

1 This synopsis has been prepared according to Outline Version No. 2. (H. Rosa Jr., FAO Fish.Synops., (1) Rev. 1, 1965).

* As no information was available to the author, these items have been omitted from the text.

17    Sinopsis de datos biologicos sobre el camarón nailon Heterocarpus reedi, Bahamonde 1955, por N. Bahamonde y G. Henríquez

RESUMEN 1

1 IDENTIDAD

1.1 Nomenclatura

1.11 Nombre válido
1.12 Sinonimia objetiva

1.2 Taxonomía

1.21 Afinidades
1.22 Status taxonómico
1.23 Subespecies *
1.24 Nombres vulgares corrientes y nombres vernáculos

1.3 Morfología

1.31 Morfología externa
1.32 Citomorfología *
1.33 Especificidad proteínica *

2 DISTRIBUCION

2.1 Area total

2.2 Distribución diferencial *

2.21 Huevos, larvas y estadios juveniles
2.22 Adultos

2.3 Determinantes de la distribución

2.4 Hibridación *

3 BIONOMIA Y CICLO VITAL

3.1 Reproducción

3.11 Sexualidad
3.12 Madurez sexual
3.13 Cópula *
3.14 Fertilización *
3.15 Gónadas
3.16 Desove
3.17 Freza *

3.2 Fase pre-adulta *

3.21 Fase embrionaria
3.22 Fase larval
3.23 Fase juvenil

3.3 Fase adulta

3.31 Longevidad *
3.32 Resistencia *
3.33 Competidores *
3.34 Predadores
3.35 Parásitos, enfermedades, lesiones y anormalidades *

3.4 Nutrición y crecimiento

3.41 Alimentación *
3.42 Alimentos
3.43 Tasa de crecimiento *
3.44 Metabolismo *

3.5 Hábitos

3.51 Migraciones y desplazamientos locales
3.52 Cardúmenes *
3.53 Reacción a los estímulos *

4 POBLACION

4.1 Estructura

4.11 Proporción de sexos
4.12 Composición por edades *
4.13 Composición por tallas

4.2 Abundancia y densidad de la población

4.21 Abundancia media
4.22 Cambios en la abundancia
4.23 Densidad media *
4.24 Cambios en la densidad *

4.3 Natalidad y reclutamiento

4.31 Tasas de reproducción *
4.32 Factores que influyen en la reproducción *
4.33 Reclutamiento

4.4 Mortalidad y morbicidad *

4.41 Tasas de mortalidad
4.42 Factores causantes de la mortalidad o que influyen en ella
4.43 Factores que influyen en la morbicidad
4.44 Relación entre las tasas de morbicidad y de mortalidad

4.5 Dinámica de la población (en su conjunto) *

4.6 La población en la comunidad y en el ecosistema

5 EXPLOTACION

5.1 Equipo de pesca

5.11 Artes de pesca
5.12 Embarcaciones

5.2 Areas de pesca

5.21 Distribución geográfica general
5.22 Distribución geográfica
5.23 Distribución en profundidad
5.24 Condiciones de los caladeros

5.3 Temporadas de pesca

5.31 Características generales de la temporada (s)
5.32 Fechas del comienzo del punto culminante y fin de la temporada *
5.33 Variación en la fecha o duración de la temporada *

5.4 Operaciones pesqueras y sus resultados

5.41 Esfuerzo e intensidad
5.42 Selectividad
5.43 Capturas

6 PROTECCION Y ORDENACION

6.1 Medidas reguladoras (legislativas)

6.11 Limitación o reducción de las capturas totales *
6.12 Protección de partes de la población *

6.2 Regulación o modificación de las características físicas del medio ambiente *

6.21 Regulación del caudal
6.22 Regulación de los niveles de las aguas
6.23 Lucha contra la erosión y la sedimentación de fango
6.24 Pasos para peces en las obstrucciones naturales y artificiales
6.25 Rejillas para peces
6.26 Mejora de los lugares de desove
6.27 Mejora del habitat

6.3 Regulación o modificación de las características químicas del medio ambiente *

6.31 Lucha contra la contaminación de las aguas
6.32 Regulación de la salinidad
6.33 Fertilización artificial de las aguas

6.4 Regulación o modificación de las características biológicas del medio ambiente *

6.41 Lucha contra la vegetación acuática
6.42 Introducción de alimentos para los peces (vegetales, invertebrados, peces no voraces)
6.43 Lucha contra los parásitos y las enfermedades
6.44 Lucha contra la predación y la competencia
6.45 Manipulación de poblaciones

6.5 Repoblación artificial *

6.51 Repoblación de mantenimiento
6.52 Trasplante, introducción

7 PISCICULTURA EN ESTANQUES *

8 REFERENCIAS

1 Esta Sinopsis ha sido preparada según el esquema de la versión número 2 (H. Rosa Jr., FAO Fish.Synop., (1) Rev. 1, 1965).

* Como los autores no disponían de datos respecto a estos epígrafos, estos han sido omitidos en el texto.


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