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APPENDIX A
FIGURES AND TABLES

Fig. 1 LAKE VICTORIA REGION

Fig. 1

LANDING SITE KEY

KENYATANZANIAUGANDA
1.Usenge (Siaya Dist.)7.Nyaruguria (Musoma Dist.)17.Malembo
2.Uhanya (Siaya Dist.)8.Mwigobero (Musoma Dist.)18.Dimu
3.Kaloka (Kisumu Dist.)9.Makoko (Musoma Dist.)19.Bukakata
4.Kusa (Kisumu Dist.)10.Nassa (Magu Dist.)20.Majanji
5.Sangorota (Kisumu Dist.)11.Igombe (Mwanza Dist.)  
6.Luanda Konyango (S. Nyanza Dist.)12.Semba (Mwanza Dist.)  
  13.Kisaka (Mwanza Dist.)  
  14.Mwaloni Kirumba (Mwanza Dist.)  
  15.Chakula Barafu (Mwanza Dist.)  
  16.Shede (Mwanza Dist.)  

Table 1.1
LAKE VICTORIA MAJOR SPECIES REFERRED TO IN TEXT

Scientific NameEnglish NameLocal Names*
Lates niloticusNile perchmbuta (K), mputa (U), sangara (T), chengu (T)
Rastrineobola argenteasardinedagaa (K,T,U), omena (K), mukene (U)
Oreochromis niloticustilapianyamami (K), ngege (K,T,U), perege (T), sato (T)
Oreochromis esculentustilapiangege (K,T,U), perege (T), sato (T)
Oreochromis leucostictustilapiangege (K,T,U), opat (K), perege (T), sato (T)
Oreochromis variabilistilapiangege (K,T,U), mbiru (K,T), perege (T), sato (T)
Tilapia zilliitilapiangege (K,T,U), sili (K), perege (T), sato (T)
Tilapia rendallitilapiangege (K,T,U), perege (T), sato (T)
Haplochromis spp.haplochrominefulu (K), furu (T), ** nkeje (U)
Bagrus docmaccatfishsew (K), mbofu (T), ssemutundu (U)
Clarias mossambicuscatfishmumi (K), kambale (T), male (U)
Protopterus aethiopicuslungfishkamongo (K,T), kambale mamba (T,U)
Synodontis victoriae   -okoko (K), ngogo (T), nkolongo (U), gogogo (T)
Barbus altianalis   -fwani (K), odhadho (K), kuyu (T), kisinja (U)
Mormyrus kannumeelephant-snout fishsuma (K), mbete (T), domodomo (T), kasulu (U)
Schilbe mystusbutterfishsire (K), nembe (T), nzere (U)
Alestes jacksoni   -osoga (K,T), nsoga (U)
Labeo victorianus   -ningu (K,T,U)
Caridina niloticashrimp-

* (K) Kenya; (T) Tanzania; (U) Uganda
** Also used to describe small fish of other species.

Table 1.2

L. VICTORIA - FISH PRODUCTION (m.t.) BY COUNTRY AND SPECIES 1975, 1979, & 1985*

KENYA
1975
1979
1985
O.esculentus
28
94
42
O.niloticus
202
962
7 573
Other tilapia
412
1 683
1 827
Bagrus
1 389
1 769
61
Lates
51
4 286
50 029
Protopterus
1 469
472
150
Haplochromis
4 620
6 599
6
Clarias
2 584
3 029
547
Barbus
283
417
113
Synodontis
126
482
0
Mormyrus
58
359
49
Labeo
108
443
0
Schilbe
54
320
5
Rastrineobola
4 548
9 321
25 866
Oth. sm.mixed
649
356
2 321
 
 
 
 
TOTAL
16 581
30 592
88 589
TANZANIA
1975
1979
1985
O.esculentus
3 592
1 997)
 
O.niloticus
0
1 608)
10 651
Other tilapia
2 057
3 952)
 
Bagrus
5 827
5 183
9 215
Lates
0
0
37 608
Protopterus
6 180
4 603
4 050
Haplochromis
16 148
21 760
11 572
Clarias
2 508
2 558
5 560
Barbus
232
364
402
Synodontis
2 295
4 334
9 278
Mormyrus
80
408
353
Labeo
1 601
6 849
544
Schilbe
1 015
1 638
1 577
Rastrineobola/
 
 
 
Oth. sm.mixed
5 058
2 661
8 096
 
 
 
 
TOTAL
46 593
57 915
98 906
UGANDA
1975
1979
1985
O.esculentus
70
180
-
O.niloticus
5 890
750
-
Other tilapia
1 040
720
-
Bagrus
2 930
6 530
-
Lates
250
190
-
Protopterus
195
1 370
-
Haplochromis
1 690
1 550
-
Clarias
2 584
3 029
-
Barbus
260
360
-
Synodontis
70
2 540
-
Mormyrus
40
130
-
Labeo
10
40
-
Schilbe
-
-
-
Rastrineobola
10
70
-
Oth. sm.mixed
-
-
-
 
 
 
 
TOTAL
15 500
16 760
-

* SOURCES: CIFA 1982; DFK Statistical Bulletins; Bwathondi 1988. No figures are available for Uganda 1985

Table 1.3

L. VICTORIA -- TOTAL FISH PRODUCTION (m.t.) BY SPECIES, 1975, 1979, & 1985*

SPECIES
1975
(%)
1979
(%)
1985
(%)
O.esculentus
3690
(4.8)
94
(2.2)
  
O.niloticus
6092
(7.9)
3320
(3.2)
20093
(10.7)
Other tilapia
3509
(4.6)
6355
(6.0)
  
Bagrus
10146
(13.2)
13482
(12.8)
9276
(4.9)
Lates
301
(0.4)
4476
(4.3)
87637
(46.7)
Protopterus
7844
(10.2)
6445
(6.1)
4200
(2.2)
Haplochromis
22458
(29.2)
29909
(28.4)
11578
(6.2)
Clarias
6382
(8.3)
7917
(7.5)
6107
(3.3)
Barbus
775
(1.0)
1141
(1.1)
515
(0.3)
Synodontis
2491
(3.2)
7356
(7.0)
9278
(4.9)
Mormyrus
178
(0.2)
897
(0.9)
402
(0.2)
Labeo
1719
(2.2)
7332
(7.0)
544
(0.3)
Schilbe
1069
(1.4)
1958
(1.9)
1582
(0.8)
Rastrineobola
4558
(5.9)
10989
(10.4)
25866
(13.8)
Oth. sm.mixed
5707
(7.4)
1419
(1.3)
10417
(5.6)**
      
TOTAL
76919
 
105267
 
187495
 

* SOURCES: CIFA 1982; DFK Statistical Bulletins; Bwathondi 1988. Figures for 1985 combine Kenya and Tanzania only.
** Tanzania combines “Rastrineobola” and “Other Small Mixed.”

Table 2.1

KENYA - FISH & MARINE PRODUCTS 1974–1986 (in m.t.)*

YEARFRESHWATER FISHMARINE PRODUCTSGRAND TOTAL
L.VictoriaOth.WatersTotalFishOth.ProductsTotal
197417,175  7,99025,1653,1163003,41628,581
197516,581  6,22922,8104,2203114,53127,341
197618,68018,19236,8723,8892604,14941,021
197719,33217,29336,6254,0462904,33640,961
197828,85617,90441,7604,1774574,63446,394
197930,59215,90646,4982,8581,057   3,91550,413
198026,91415,96842,8824,9054315,33648,218
198138,17913,20651,3855,5464215,96757,352
198260,95813,05974,0176,6224947,11681,133
198377,32713,74191,0685,7985956,39397,461
198471,85412,34684,2006,0967076,30391,003
198588,58911,17599,7645,7774326,209105,973  
1986103,163  10,031113,194  6,1564486,604119,798  
TOTAL593,200  173,040  766,240  63,206  6,203   69,409  835,649  
MEAN45,63113,31158,9424,8624775,33964,281

* SOURCE: DFK Statistical Bulletins.

Table 2.2

KENYA - L. VICTORIA WATERS, CATCHES PER NET (5"/4" gillnet) NYANZA GULF 1920–1968.*

YEARCATCH PER NET
(NO. OF FISH)
Tilapia spp.
CATCH PER NET
(NO. OF FISH)
ALL SPECIES
SOURCE OF INFORMATION
Prior to 192130--EAFFRO ANNUAL REPORT 1954/55
1928  6--EAFFRO ANNUAL REPORT 1954/55
1933  7--REVIEW OF KENYA FISHERIES 1946/47
1937      3.08--REVIEW OF KENYA FISHERIES 1946/47
1939/49--2.2  LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES SERVICES ANNUAL REPORT 1952
1942      2.52--REVIEW OF KENYA FISHERIES 1946/47
1947      2.12--REVIEW OF KENYA FISHERIES 1946/47
1952    1.92.0  LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES SERVICES ANNUAL REPORT 1952
1954    1.6--EAFFRO ANNUAL REPORT 1954/55
1962      1.38(4"NET)
1.56
KENYA FISHERIES REPORT 1962
1965      0.510.54KENYA FISHERIES REPORT 1965
1968      0.350.45EAFFRO ANNUAL REPORT 1968

* SOURCE: Adapted from Whiting 1969.

Table 2.3

KENYA - L. VICTORIA WATERS, ANNUAL CATCHES (m.t.) BY SPECIES, 1974–1985*

SPECIES197419751976197719781979198019811982198319841985
O.esculentus5728494218094901393991089942
O.niloticus411202421465972962118418582581251661367573
Other tilapia48841253792814541683373919001495165812431827
Alestes114203523042410
Bagrus110313891025114113961769642430253212438861
Lates1365197203106642864310228343334523374131950029
Protopterus2179146993577361247237018723910881150
Haplochromis60134620636853786621659936369162546612416
Clarias221125842507175517293029122310032062895780547
Barbus12728318218319941742129269210053113
Synodontis19612619131015548238812723247750
Mormyrus89588910210235933320826782188949
Labeo5910812393614844348211291881580
Schilbe31545712912032011749782235
Rastrineobola3742454856526704871093219443763510419164441943725866
Oth. sm.mixed33263544528032733353648396189423512321
TOTAL171751658118680193322385630592269143817960958773277185488589

* SOURCE: DFK Statistical Bulletins.

Table 2.4

KENYA - L. VICTORIA WATERS, MEAN PRICES TO FISHERMEN BY SPECIES 1976–1986 (KShs/kg).*

SPECIES19761977197819791980198119821983198419851986
O.esculentus2.502.183.531.784.374.325.284.735.576.48   **
O.niloticus3.052.683.743.904.914.945.585.554.856.367.52
Other tilapia2.491.722.814.373.894.164.913.964.214.985.29
Alestes1.29   **1.141.92   **2.144.103.002.55   **   **
Bagrus1.091.382.591.141.902.172.001.992.583.612.94
Lates1.591.651.762.071.751.981.821.391.591.792.01
Protopterus1.992.002.282.372.912.973.823.154.434.605.14
Haplochromis1.171.021.101.531.541.711.331.231.743.672.67
Clarias1.581.952.113.952.392.552.722.212.293.323.29
Barbus2.631.932.592.233.013.762.673.594.416.208.66
Synodontis1.491.141.572.752.002.793.915.834.87-5.00
Mormyrus1.631.491.872.122.112.381.341.912.322.612.66
Labeo1.491.231.771.172.132.702.061.892.14-2.04
Schilbe1.921.172.102.992.502.473.495.052.134.606.32
Rastrineobola0.870.881.142.271.781.971.361.091.261.381.38
Unspecified1.161.102.813.642.362.771.741.731.751.872.61
MEAN1.281.572.182.512.642.863.013.023.043.964.11

* SOURCE: DFK Statistical Bulletins
** NO DATA AVAILABLE

Table 2.5

KENYA - L. VICTORIA WATERS, VALUE OF CATCH BY FISH SPECIES (KShs '000), 1976–1986*

SPECIES19761977197819791980198119821983198419851986
O.esculentus1571036353673385482107511543272**
O.niloticus1241139836403995492785231440613961298574815259036
Other tilapia131725624078563512376743773386559522090916941
Alestes3**4037**1181214****
Bargrus1113127720362968129396450602483226220182
Lates1503821873877874344581760381729956591489308114648
Protopterus18231627139412601060483912340341690771
Haplochromis734255367264813043281599339475473228
Clarias39953202365567123012272855991989176518142508
Barbus47050851518692258159818223592417012147
Synodontis28539924390491032090727436105
Mormyrus1401732476685144543510417211128135
Labeo1751024262936143033918891531190328
Schilbe1092682527452661382731112423158
Rastrineobola5211689199281347117306132841412117854242593580647746
Unspecified5193319186201351110316731543414243332720
TOTAL240502568136980570955880385346123400120315133310190560237333

* SOURCE: DFK Statistical Bulletins
** No data available

Table 2.6

KENYA - L. VICTORIA WATERS, ILLUSTRATIVE ANNUAL COST AND EARNINGS FOR NON-MOTORISED NILE PERCH CANOE FISHING UNIT (Ksh, July 1987)

ITEMRATEKSHS.TOTAL KSHS.
EQUIPMENT & GEAR INVESTMENT:1   
CANOE
 15,000 
NETS (30)
Shs.725 Ea.21,75036,750
    
GROSS REVENUE:2   
TOTAL ANNUAL CATCH
41,250 kg  
GROSS ANNUAL RETURN
Shs.2.50/kg103,125  103,125  
    
OPERATING COSTS:3   
TOTAL ANNUAL WEIGHT CREW FISH
825 kg  
@ TOTAL ANNUAL COST
Shs.2.50/kg-2,063 
    
TOTAL ANNUAL COST OTHER CREW FOOD
Shs. 25/day-6,875 
    
ANNUAL CREW CATCH SHARE
20% -20,625   
    
ANNUAL CO-OP DEDUCTIONS FROM CATCH
10%-8,044 
    
MAINTENANCE
20% Investment-7,350 
    
REPLACEMENT (DEPRECIATION)   
NETS (2 years)
Shs.10,875/year-10,875   
CANOE (4 years)
Shs.3,750/year-3,750-59,582
    
MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITY COST:4Shs.7,200/year-7,200  -7,200
NET REVENUE:5   
RETURN TO CAPITAL
  36,343
RATE OF RETURN ON INVESTMENT
99%  
NET REVENUE TO OWNER
  43,543
    
TOTAL REVENUE TO A CREW MEMBER
    7,390
(AS PERCENTAGE OF MINIMUM WAGE)
103%  

Notes

1. Equipment and Gear
Canoe dimensions are about 7 m in length; 1.2 m beam. Nets are assumed to be 30 in number.

2. Gross Revenue
Assumes a catch rate (outer waters) of 5 kg/net/day for 275 fishing days/year. Beach price for Nile perch is taken as Shs. 2.50/kg.

3. Operating Costs
Crew size is assumed to be 3 out of 4 persons working in rotation. The crew is expected to take part of the catch (3 kg/day) for autoconsumption, and to receive other food (maize meal) supplements worth Shs. 25/day. The catch share for the crew is taken as 20% and the cooperative society deduction 10%, figured after crew shares are apportioned. The annual maintenance allowed is 20% of the investment. Depreciation is calculated on the basis of a replacement time of 2 years for nets and 4 years for canoes.

4. Management Opportunity Cost
The owners opportunity cost is reckoned at 2 times the minimum wage, assumed to be Shs. 600/month. It is further assumed that the owner is working half time.

5. Net Revenue
Return to capital is gross revenue less all costs. Rate of return on investment is return to capital divided by capital investment. Net revenue to owner is the return to capital plus the opportunity cost of management. Total revenue to a crew member is crew share plus benefits divided by a total crew size of four.

Table 2.7

KENYA - L. VICTORIA WATERS, ILLUSTRATIVE ANNUAL COST AND EARNINGS FOR MOTORISED NILE PERCH CANOE FISHING UNIT (Ksh, July 1987)

ITEMRATEKSHS.KSHS.TOTAL
EQUIPMENT & GEAR INVESTMENT: 1   
CANOE
 15,000 
ENGINE
 32,000 
NETS (60)
Shs.725 Ea.43,50090,500
GROSS REVENUE:2   
TOTAL ANNUAL CATCH
82,500 kg  
GROSS ANNUAL REVENUE
Shs. 2.50/kg206,250  206,250  
    
OPERATING COSTS: 3   
TOTAL ANNUAL WEIGHT CREW FISH
825 kg  
@ TOTAL ANNUAL COST
Shs.2.50/kg-2,063 
TOTAL ANNUAL COST OTHER CREW FOOD
Shs.25/day-6,875 
ANNUAL CREW CATCH SHARE
15%-30,937   
    
ANNUAL COOP DEDUCTIONS FROM CATCH
10%-18,356   
    
ANNUAL FUEL AND OIL COST
 -58,025   
    
MAINTENANCE
20% Investment-18,100   
REPLACEMENT (DEPRECIATION)
   
NETS (2 Years)
Shs.21,750/y-21,750   
ENGINE (6 Years)
Shs. 5,334/y-5,334 
CANOE (4 Years)
Shs. 3,750/y-3,750-165,190    
    
MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITY COST: 4Shs.14,400/y-14,400  -14,400  
NET REVENUE:5   
RETURN TO CAPITAL
  26,660
RATE OF RETURN ON INVESTMENT
29%  
NET REVENUE TO OWNER
  41,060
TOTAL REVENUE TO A CREW MEMBER
    7,975
(AS PERCENTAGE OF MINIMUM WAGE)
111%  

NOTES

1. Equipment and Gear
Canoe dimensions as in Table 2.6. Nets are assumed to be 60 in number, or twice that of non-motorised units.

2. Gross Revenue
Catch rate (outer waters), fishing days, and beach price for Nile perch as in Table 2.6.

3. Operating Costs
Crew size for motorised units is assumed to be 3 out of 5 persons working in rotation, or one more than for non-motorised units. Fish and other food for the crew are as in Table 2.6. The catch share for the crew is taken as 15%, and the cooperative society deduction 10%, figured after crew shares are apportioned. Fuel per fishing day is 20 1, at Shs. 10/1. Oil per fishing day is 500 ml at a cost of Shs. 11. Maintenance is reckoned at 20% of investment. Depreciation on canoe and nets is as in Table 2.6. Engine life is assumed to be 6 years.

4. Management Opportunity Cost
Figured as in Table 2.6, except that the owner of a motorised unit is assumed to be working full time.

5. Net Revenue
Elements as in Table 2.6. Outboard units may also operate as “fish ferries”, collecting catches from other boats and transferring them to landing sites. The rate of profit for such businesses is presumably much higher than for fishing alone.

Table 2.8

KENYA - EXPORTS OF NILE PERCH FILLETS, BY DESTINATION (1987)

DESTINATIONVOLUMEVALUEAVG. FOB PRICE (Shs/kg)
m.t.%'000KShs%
Israel2241.4  54.9  72845.554.1  32.5
Spain929.022.8  29820.922.1  32.1
Holland330.58.111798.88.835.7
Australia189.24.6  6924.75.136.6
France110.22.7  3085.62.328.0
U.K.103.02.5  2914.92.228.3
Japan  78.01.9  3260.42.441.8
Belgium  67.71.7  2694.52.039.8
West Germany  14.00.3   568.40.440.6
Switzerland  13.20.3   567.60.443.0
Greece   5.00.1   193.50.138.7
Portugal   1.3-     47.8-36.8
TOTAL4082.5   100.0    134722.6  100.0   -

SOURCE: Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Dept. of External Trade, Nairobi. (Tettey, 1988)

Table 3.1

TANZANIA - FISH & MARINE PRODUCTS 1969–1981 (in m.t.)*

YEARFRESHWATER FISHMARINE PRODUCTSGRAND TOTAL
L.VictoriaOth.WatersTotalFishOth.ProductsTotal
196953,927  41,907  95,83415,3741 614   16,988112,822
197048,292115,665163,95717,4921 592   19,084183,041
197142,552116,996159,54820,90599921,904181,452
197240,926  94,307135,23327,5641 115   28,679163,912
197349,615  88,745138,36022,18791423,101161,461
197441,526106,185147,71125,21867625,894173,605
197546,602113,765160,36731,19383832,031192,398
197648,250142,527190,77748,49128548,776239,553
197765,415148,892214,30746,02631146,337260,644
197846,553116,222162,77546,43627146,707209,482
197957,517  88,824146,34127,45126027,711174,052
198067,193122,170189,36333,60441634,020233,383
1981(57,563)      8,662146,22526,60526126,866173,090
TOTAL665,931  1,384,867   2,050,798   388,546  9 552   398,098  2,448,896   
MEAN51,225106,528157,75429,88873530,623188,377

* SOURCE: FAO/Norway 1984. Figures in brackets uncertain. Cf. those cited by other sources in Table 3.3.

Table 3.2

TANZANIA - LAKE VICTORIA WATERS, COMPARISON OF MEAN CATCH RATES (kg/h) FOR 1969/70 AND 1984/85 TRAWL SURVEYS*

DEPTH RANGESHALLOW (2–14 m)MEDIUM (16–35 m)MAXIMUM (>50 m)
SAMPLING STATION1969/70
IXB
1984/851969/70
IXA
1984/851969/70
XII
1984/85
6
12345
NO. TRAWLS2966122938440403922
Haplochromis spp.548.1    200  431  280  560.3    153  3360.4  38
O. esculentus114.4    ---24.4  ----
O. variabilis1.5+++0.1+---
O. nilotica24.3  243+0.2----
T. zillii0.0---0.0----
O. leucostictus0.0--------
Bagrus docmac13.1  ++  450.3     82830.029
Clarias mozambicus40.6  +  2  228.0     5  612.0  4
Schilbe mystus1.1+++5.5   2+  0.1+
Xenoclarias spp.0.0---0.1-+  0.3+
Protopterus aethiopicus25.2  18292124.4     5-  0.3-
Lates niloticus-184774-102125  -20
Synodontis victoriae0.3+++9.4+429.212
Syno. afrofischeri0.1+++0.0++  0.0+
Barbus altianalis0.0-+-0.1----
Labeo victorianus0.1+++0.7----
Mormyrus kannume0.3--+0.3-+  0.1-
Alestes spp.0.0---0.0----
Mastacembelus frenatus-+++0.0+---
TOTAL769.1    260  512  381  703.8    275166  432.4  103 

* SOURCE: Goudswaard 1987


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