ZOLTÁN SZIKLA
Dunapack Ltd
Conclusions
Evolution in the Eastern part of Europe over the past ten years has been disappointing and in certain subregions and countries simply dramatic. Paper consumption and production of the region today is about 30 percent lower than in the late 1980s and their share in the paper production of the world has shrunk from 8 percent to 4 percent. We have some reason to be hopeful, however, as the region overcame the deep point in 1997 and since then both production and consumption have been increasing. The majority of pulp and paper mills have been privatized. Many paper machines and pulp mills have been closed, but not a single new one has been installed. Production of the remaining mills has grown significantly, and this growth has been achieved by rebuilds and elimination of bottlenecks. Productivity has increased significantly, environmental loads have been reduced and product quality has been approaching world market standards.
Development has been very diverse. The Eastern part of Europe can be divided into subregions, which differ significantly from each other (Russia, the Baltic States, Central-Eastern Europe, South-Eastern Europe). Paper consumption in Russia and in South-Eastern Europe is very low (22 kg and 15 kg per capita, respectively) and production is only 45 percent of that of the years 1988-89. Average consumption in the Baltic States amounts to 42 kg which is already the same as a decade ago. The most affirmative image is presented by Central-Eastern Europe where consumption is 70 kg and this represents 130 percent of the consumption level of 10 years ago. An outstanding development can be witnessed in Poland where consumption has grown from 36 kg to 63 kg, i.e. by 75 percent, per capita per annum. Thus the Central-Eastern European countries appear to have the potential to approach Western Europe but, on the other hand, there is a great chance that South-Eastern Europe will fall behind significantly.
Main figures of the countries in 2000
Russia
Population: 146 930 000
Territory: 17 054 400 km2
Paper consumption: 22
kg/capita
Paper production: 5 300 000 t
Pulp production: 4 960 000 t
Output of the ten largest Russian pulp and paper enterprises in thousands of tonnes.
|
Pulp |
Paper |
Board |
Kotlas |
834 |
231 |
230 |
Arkhangelsk |
690 |
60 |
391 |
Syktyvkarsk |
432 |
447 |
100 |
Volga |
560 |
||
Kondopoga |
106 |
552 |
|
Bratsk |
538 |
153 | |
Ust-Illimsk |
535 |
||
Solikamsk |
91 |
355 |
|
Svetogorsk |
286 |
203 |
65 |
Segezha |
197 |
192 |
BALTIC STATES
Estonia
Population: 1 400 000
Territory: 45 100 km2
Paper consumption: 59
kg/capita
Paper production: 54 000 t
Pulp production: 54 000 t
Number
of employees in the pulp and paper industry: 640
Latvia
Population: 2 360 000
Territory: 64 500 km2
Paper consumption: 54
kg/capita
Paper production: 16 000 t
Pulp production: 0 t
Number of
employees in the pulp and paper industry: 300
Lithuania
Population: 3 670 000
Territory: 65 300 km2
Paper consumption: 27
kg/capita
Paper production: 53 000 t
Pulp production: 53 000 t
Number
of employees in the pulp and paper industry: 2 270
CENTRAL-EAST EUROPE
Croatia
Population: 4 470 000
Territory: 56 500 km2
Paper consumption: 59
kg/capita
Paper production: 228 000 t
Pulp production: 124 000 t
Number
of employees in the pulp and paper industry: 1 430
Czech
Republic
Population: 10 270 000
Territory: 78 900 km2
Paper consumption: 90 kg/capita
Paper
production: 807 000 t
Pulp production: 641 000 t
Number of employees in
the pulp and paper industry: 9 200
Share of pulp and paper industry in the
GDP of the country: 2.9 %
Largest pulp and paper mills, their owners and products:
• Frantschach Pulp & Paper Czech, Frantschach-Mondi,
Austria-South-Africa sulphate pulp, kraft paper, solid board
• Biocel Paskov,
Heinzel, Austria sulphite pulp
• Norske Skog Štetí, Norske Skog, Norway
newsprint paper
• Kappa Karton Morava, Kappa Packaging, Netherlands case
material,
container board
• Duropack Bupak Obaly, Duropack, Austria case
material,
container board
• Krkonošské Papírny, Czech funds and private
persons graphic paper and NCR paper
• Plzenská Papírna, Intertsez,
Switzerland graphic paper
Hungary
Population: 10 020 000
Territory: 93 000 km2
Paper consumption: 72
kg/capita
Paper production: 506 000 t
Pulp production: 24 000 t
Number
of employees in pulp and paper industry: 2 900
Share of pulp and paper
industry in the GDP of the country: 1.5%
Major paper mills:
• Dunapack Ltd., W. Hamburger
AG, Austria 235 000 t container board, kraft papers
• Neusiedler Szolnok Ltd,
Neusiedler-Mondi, Austria-South-Africa 200 000 t uncoated woodfree
writing-printing paper
• Piszke Papir Ltd, Zeritis, Greece 65 000 t household
and sanitary paper
Poland
Population: 38 650 000
Territory: 312 700 km2
Paper consumption: 63
kg/capita
Paper production: 1 980 000 t
Pulp production: 994 000
t
Number of employees in pulp and paper industry: 15 000
Share of pulp and
paper industry in the country's economy: 1.76%
Most important pulp and paper mills:
• International Paper Kwidzyn, IP USA
400 000 t bleached kraft pulp, semichemical pulp,
deinked pulp
350 000 t newsprint, printing and writing paper, paperboard
• Frantschach Swiecie, Frantschach-Mondi, Austria - South Africa
650 000 t unbleached kraft pulp, waste paper pulp
600 000 t container board, kraft paper
• Kostrzyn Paper, Trebruk Sweden
175 000 t printing and writing papers
• Intercell Ostroleka, Swedish-Polish
243 000 t unbleached kraft pulp, waste paper pulp
220 000 t container board, kraft paper
Slovak Republic
Population: 5 400 000
Territory: 49 000 km2
Paper consumption: 67 kg/capita
Paper
production: 663 000 t
Pulp production: 426 000 t
Number of employees in
the pulp and paper industry: 7 300
Most important pulp and paper mills in the country:
• SCP (Severoslovenské celulózky a papierne), Eco-Invest
Slovakia, Neusiedler-Mondi, Austria-South-Africa
300 000 t bleached kraft
pulp
350 000 t uncoated woodfree printing-writing paper
• Kappa Štúrovo a.s., Kappa Group,
Netherlands
160 000 t fluting
100 000 t paperboard
• Tento Žilna a.s.
74 000 t tissue/hygienic papers
• Harmanecké Papierne a.s.
44 000 t tissue /hygienic paper
• Bukóza Holding A.S. Hencovce
77 000 t pulp
Slovenia
Population: 1 990 000
Territory: 20 300 km2
Paper consumption: 123
kg/capita
Paper production: 558 000 t
Pulp production: 153 000 t
Number
of employees in the pulp and paper industry: 5 500
Share of pulp and paper
industry in the GDP of the country: 0.9%
Most important pulp and paper mills in the country:
• Paloma Sladki Vrh, Slovanian state
66 000 t hygienic products
• Vipap Vidme Kr_ko, Czech Bank
120 000 t
chemical pulp
30 000 t mechanical pulp
150 000t newsprint, printing papers
• Kolicevo Karton, Mayr Melnhof Karton, Austria
140 000 t board
• Papirnica Vevce, Brigl & Bergmeister AG, Austria
90 000 t woodfree coated paper
SOUTH-EAST EUROPE
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Population: 3 970
000
Territory: 51 100 km2
Paper
consumption: 12 kg/capita
Paper production: 19 000 t
Pulp production: 0
t
Number of employees in the pulp and paper industry: 2 275
Share of the
pulp and paper industry in the country's economy: 0.9%
Most important paper mill:
• Natron, Maglaj, Bosnian state and employees
165 000 t corrugating medium, kraft paper
Bulgaria
Population: 8 170 000
Territory: 111 000 km2
Paper consumption: 17
kg/capita
Paper production: 103 000 t
Pulp production: 50 t
Number of
employees in the pulp and paper industry: 5 100
Major pulp and paper mills:
• Trakia Papir, Pazardjik, Gehard Ltd., Bulgaria
container board
• Kostenez HHI, Kostenez, AKB Forest
container board, sanitary paper
• Papierwerk Belovo, Zeritis, Greece
sanitary paper
Yugoslavia
Population: 10 640 000
Territory: 102 200 km2
Paper consumption: 21
kg/capita
Paper production: 152 000 t
Pulp production: 86 000 t
Number
of employees in the pulp and paper industry: 4 500
Share of the pulp and
paper industry in the country's economy: 0.7%
Major pulp and paper mills:
• Matroz, Sremska Mitrovica, Yugoslavian state
bleached hardwood kraft pulp
newsprint paper
• Umka, employees
board
Macedonia
Population: 2 020 000
Territory: 25 700 km2
Paper consumption: 22
kg/capita
Paper production: 13 000 t
Pulp production: 0 t
Number of
employees in the pulp and paper industry: 400
Share of the pulp and paper
industry in the country's economy: 0.4%
Major pulp and paper mill:
• Komuna, Skopje, Valkarton Belisce
fluting, testliner
Romania
Population: 22 440 000
Territory: 238 400 km2
Paper consumption: 19 kg/capita
Paper
production: 338 000 t
Pulp production: 263 000 t
Number of employees in
the pulp and paper industry: 10 662
Share of the pulp and paper industry in
the country's economy: 0.6%
Most important pulp and paper mills:
• Somes Dej, M.F.C. Bancorp Hovis, Austria
60 000 t bleached kraft pulp
35 000 t packaging paper
and containerboard (corrugating materials)
• Ambro Suceava, Rossman, France
150 000 t unbleached kraft pulp
230 000 t kraft paper, kraftliner
• Letea Bacau, Romanian state
60 000 t mechanical pulp
40 000 t unbleached sulphite
pulp
100 000 t newsprint
• Celohart Zarnesti, Amco, Romania
40 000 t linerboard and fluting
• Celrom Turnu Severin, Financial Investment Companies in Romania
60 000 t semichemical pulp
60 000 t fluting
• Celhart Donaris Braila, Romanian state
50 000 t bleached hardwood kraft pulp
22 000 t
writing-printing paper
21 000 t duplex-triplex board
Ukraine
Population: 50 460 000
Territory: 603 700 km2
Paper consumption: 12
kg/capita
Paper production: 410 000 t
Pulp production: 39 000 t
Number
of employees in the pulp and paper industry: 21 000
Share of the pulp and
paper industry in the country's economy: 1.2%
Major pulp and paper mills:
• Obuhov Paper and Board Combinate
50 000 t paper
150 000 t board
• Kriukov Paper Mill
100 000 t paper
• Rubezhan Board Combinate
100 000 t board
• Zhidatshev Pulp, Paper and Board Combinate
50 000 to pulp
100 000 t paper and board