Parameter |
Pastoral systems |
Mixed systems |
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Semi-arid zone |
Subhumid zone |
Humid zone |
Highland |
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Arid/semi-arid zones |
(East and southern Africa) |
(Central and West Africa) |
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Fertility rate (%) |
58.0 |
58.0 |
61.0 |
59.9 |
59.9 |
43.6 |
Prolificacy |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
Breeder males per breeder female |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
Female breeder mortality rate (%) |
8.9 |
6.5 |
5.0 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.8 |
Male breeder mortality rate (%) |
8.4 |
6.5 |
5.0 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.8 |
Female replacement mortality rate (%) |
5.8 |
8.1 |
5.2 |
7.0 |
7.0 |
8.5 |
Male replacement mortality rate (%) |
7.6 |
7.8 |
10.2 |
7.0 |
7.0 |
14.0 |
Young mortality rate (%) |
23.5 |
21.0 |
21.9 |
17.0 |
17.0 |
21.7 |
Other stock mortality rate (%) |
8.4 |
6.5 |
5.0 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.8 |
Years in breeding herd |
11.5 |
11.5 |
10.0 |
9.0 |
9.0 |
11.5 |
Years in replacement herd |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.4 |
Years as young |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
Years from young to slaughter, other stock |
3.0 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
9.5 |
Carcass weight of female breeders (kg) |
119.9 |
119.4 |
116.5 |
116.5 |
100.0 |
95.5 |
Carcass weight of male breeders (kg) |
153.8 |
153.8 |
151.8 |
151.8 |
130.0 |
130.8 |
Carcass weight of other stock (kg) |
150.0 |
148.5 |
148.5 |
148.5 |
130.0 |
130.8 |
Carcass weight of draught animals (kg) |
n.r.1 |
n.r. |
n.r. |
n.r. |
n.r. |
n.r. |
Fraction of females milked (%) |
76.5 |
79.0 |
60.0 |
50.0 |
50.0 |
60.0 |
Milk yield per lactation (kg) |
251.0 |
252.0 |
206.0 |
250.0 |
250.0 |
292.0 |
Fraction of calves that are fertile (%) |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
Retention ratio for young females (%) |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
Fraction of fallen animals eaten |
75.0 |
75.0 |
75.0 |
75.0 |
75.0 |
75.0 |
Are young males slaughtered at birth? (Y=1 / N=0) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Proportion of female breeders with usable skin (%) |
70.0 |
70.0 |
70.0 |
70.0 |
70.0 |
70.0 |
Proportion of male breeders with usable skin (%) |
70.0 |
70.0 |
70.0 |
70.0 |
70.0 |
70.0 |
Proportion of other stock with usable skin (%) |
70.0 |
70.0 |
70.0 |
70.0 |
70.0 |
70.0 |
Weight of skin for female breeders (kg) |
7.0 |
7.0 |
6.0 |
5.0 |
5.0 |
5.0 |
Weight of skin for male breeders (kg) |
8.0 |
8.0 |
7.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
Weight of skin for other stock (kg) |
6.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
Weight of skin for draught animals (kg) |
n.r. |
n.r. |
n.r. |
n.r. |
n.r. |
n.r. |
Average live weight, breeder female (kg) |
251.0 |
250.0 |
244.0 |
244.0 |
195.0 |
200.0 |
Average live weight, breeder male (kg) |
322.0 |
322.0 |
318.0 |
318.0 |
254.0 |
274.0 |
Average live weight, replacement female (kg) |
189.5 |
190.0 |
188.0 |
188.0 |
188.1 |
151.0 |
Average live weight, replacement male (kg) |
164.0 |
191.0 |
196.0 |
196.0 |
196.0 |
190.0 |
Average live weight, other stock (kg) |
316.0 |
311.0 |
311.0 |
311.0 |
254.0 |
274.0 |
Average live weight, young female (kg) |
120.0 |
110.0 |
110.0 |
110.0 |
110.0 |
100.0 |
Average live weight, young male (kg) |
120.5 |
109.0 |
110.0 |
110.0 |
110.0 |
101.0 |
Milk fat content (g/kg) |
41.0 |
41.0 |
41.0 |
41.0 |
41.0 |
41.0 |
1 n.r. = no reference