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Nigeria


General Information

· Main climates: Tropical Wet and Dry, Tropical Steppe and Semiarid, Tropical Wet, Tropical Wet and Dry at 600 m above sea

· Total land area: 91 077 000 ha

· Internal renewable water resources: 221 km3

· Incoming water flow: 59 km3

· GNP per capita, 1998: PPP$ 740

· Main food consumed: Millet & sorghum, Roots & tubers, Oil & fat, Rice, Maize

· Rice supply, 1999: 35 kg paddy/capita/year

Basic Statistics


1985

1990

1995

2000

RICE





Harvested area (T ha)

670

1208

1796

2061

Yield (kg/ha)

2134

2069

1625

1590

Production (T t)

1430

2500

2920

3277

Imports (T t)

356

224

300

NA

Exports (t)

NA

NA

NA

NA

OTHERS





Population (M)

75.8

87.0

98.9

NA

Agr population (M)

36.7

37.4

37.6

NA

Irrigated agr area (T ha)

200

230

235

NA

Fertilizer cons (T t)

292.0

400.3

183.0

NA

Agr tractors in yse (T units)

18.0

23.0

28.5

NA

Producing Zones and Cropping Seasons

Rice cultivation has become more and more popular during the recent past. The following table shows the harvested areas from different rice producing zones.

Production zone

Harvested area (% total harvested area)

Cross River

25.63

Taraba

11.21

Adamawa

8.05

Niger

7.95

Benue

6.53

Yobe

6.27

Borno

4.53

Akwa Ibom

3.98

Kano

3.66

Plateau

2.97

Imo

2.77

Kaduna

2.55

Katsina

2.55

Bauchi

1.97

Ondo

1.84

Enugu

1.66

Sokoto

1.39

Rivers

1.15

Jigawa

0.84

Ogun

0.83

Kebbi

0.64

Osun

0.49

Kogi

0.14

F.T.C.

0.11

Kwara

0.10

Anambra

0.05

Oyo

0.05

Abia

0.04

Edo

0.04

Lagos

0.02

The following table shows the periods of rice cropping seasons.

Cropping season

Planting

Harvesting

Main season, South

4-5

8-10

Main season, North

6-7

11-12

Off season, South

11-12

3-4

Off season, North

1-2

5-6

Production Practices

The following figure shows the harvested areas from different ecologies during the last five years.

Upland rice is grown as a mono-crop or as in a mixture with other food crops following the slash-and-burn shifting cultivation almost without any application of chemical fertilizer and other ago-chemical. Similarly the rainfed lowland rice are cultivated following traditional systems with limited or no external input. Transplanting is generally practised in rainfed lowland and irrigated rice. In irrigated rice production, land preparation is generally done mechanically and moderate to high rate of fertilizer is generally applied. Weeding is generally done manually, although the use of herbicides is increasing in irrigated rice. Farmers do not have adequate appropriate tools and equipment for harvesting and threshing of rice. A number of improved varieties have been released for irrigated rice cultivation

Variety Name

Released period

Growth duration (days)

FARO 15

Irrigated

137

FARO 19

Irrigated


FARO 20

Irrigated

124

FARO 21

Irrigated

120

FARO 23

Irrigated

135-140

FARO 30

Irrigated

115-120

FARO 31

Irrigated

115-120

FARO 32

Irrigated

90-110

FARO 33

Irrigated

115-120

FARO 34

Irrigated

115-125

FARO 37

Irrigated

NA

I KONG PAO

Irrigated

115-120

FARO 7

Irrigated

140

BG 90-2

Irrigated

130-135

Cisadane

Irrigated

135-174

D114

Irrigated

115

FARO 24

Irrigated

95-120

FARO 35

Irrigated

125-135

FARO 44

Irrigated

131

FARO 50

Irrigated

90-105

CISADANE (FARO 51)

Irrigated


FARO 12

Irrigated

115

FARO 9

Irrigated

NA

BG 79

R/Lowland Irrigated

120

FARO 18

Rainfed Lolwand/Irrigated

120

FARO 8

Rainfed Lolwand/Irrigated

135-175

FARO 36

Rainfed lowland

136

FARO 27

Rainfed lowland

NA

FARO 43

Rainfed lowland

NA

FAROX 317-1-1-1

Rainfed lowland

NA

BG 380-2

Tidal wetland


ROHYB 4

Tidal wetland


ROHYB 6

Tidal wetland


WAR 77-3-2-2

Tidal wetland


WAR 81-2-3-3-3-1

Tidal wetland


ITA 216

Upland

NA

ART 12

Upland

90-110

FARO 25

Upland

100-120

FARO 3

Upland

115-120

FARO 38

Upland

145-160

FARO 39

Upland

110-120

FARO 40

Upland

145-160

FARO 41

Upland

135-140

FARO 45

Upland

90-105

FARO 46

Upland

115-120

FARO 47

Upland

NA

FARO 48

Upland

90-105

FARO 49

Upland

NA

IRAT 10

Upland

110-120

IRAT 112

Upland

95-105

IRAT 13

Upland

120

ITA 323

Upland

105-110

ITA 337

Upland

105-110

MOROBEKAN

Upland

135

OS 6

Upland

135

TOX 1889 7 105 2 1

Upland

NA

WAB 36-2L-FX

Upland


WAB 36-34-FX

Upland


WAB 56-125

Upland


The following table shows the rice responses to fertilizer application.

Other information

Test range (kg/ha)

Control rate (kg/ha)

Control yield (t/ha)

Rate at Maximum yield (kg/ha)

Maximum yield (t/ha)

Nitrogen (N)

Reported in 84, IITA, Ibadan, variety IR36, with 60 P + 60 K kg/ha, Irrigated

0-135

0

3.3

90

5.1

Reported in 84, IITA, Ibadan, variety IR4422-98-3-6-1 and ITA249, with 60 P + 60 K kg/ha, Irrigated

0-135

0

3.8

90

5.7

Reported in 84, IITA, Ibadan, variety ITA212 and ITA306, with 60 P + 60 K kg/ha, Irrigated

0-135

0

3.8

90

6.1

Reported in 1976, Bende, var. TOS 103, Irrigated

0-160

0

3.1

160

5.2

Reported in 1976, Bende, var. FARO 13, Irrigated

0-160

0

2.8

160

5.8

Reported in 1976, Kadawa, var. TOS 103, Irrigated

0-160

0

2.8

120

5.8

Reported in 1976, Kadawa, var. FARO 15, Irrigated

0-160

0

2.8

160

6.2

Reported in 1976, Kadawa, var. FARO 8, Irrigated

0-160

0

2.1

160

5.8

Reported in 1976, Kadawa, var. FARO 13, Irrigated

0-160

0

2.2

160

6.2

Reported in 79, Benue state, variety TOS78, average of 5 trials, with 30 P + 30 K kg/ha, Rainfed lowland

0-120

0

3.46

120

6.45

Reported in 79, Gongola state, variety FARO 15, average of 6 trials, with 30 P + 30 K kg/ha, Rainfed lowland

0-120

0

2.43

120

4.11

Reported in 79, Plateau state, variety TOS78, average of 5 trials, with 30 P + 30 K kg/ha, Rainfed lowland

0-120

0

2.31

120

4.65

Reported in 63, Forest, Upland

0-22.4

0

1.73

22.4

1.97

Reported in 87, Ibadan, Sandy loam, pH 5.4, with 30 P + 30 K kg/ha, Upland

0-60

0

1.64

30

1.94

Phosphorus (P2O5)

Reported in 63, Savanna region, Upland

0-22.4

0

1.29

22.4

1.54

Reported in 63, Savanna region, with 22.4 N kg/ha, Upland

0-22.4

0

1.49

22.4

1.53

Reported in 63, Forest region, Upland

0-22.4

0

1.73

22.4

2.13

Reported in 63, Forest region, with 22.4 N 22.4 K kg/ha, Upland

0-22.4

0

2.02

0

2.02

Constraints and Issues of Sustainable Production

There are several constraints to sustainable rice production in Nigeria. Following are the majors:

The rice production costs are shown in the following table.

Other information

Yield (t/ha)

Cost ($/ha)

Cost ($/t)

89, Irrigated

2.18

560

257

89, Rainfed lowland

1.96

451

230

89, Upland

1.71

430

252

Sustainable rice production would greatly depend on the establishment of appropriate policy to provide support to farmers especially in-terms of input supply and output marketing. The development of lowland rice production with improved water supply and control would be essential.

Research and Development Institutes

· National Cereals Research Institute, PMB 8 - Bida, Niger State, Phone: 066 461 233/066 461 234, Fax: 066 462 172

· International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320 Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Email [email protected]

· National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology P.M.B. 5382, Moor Plantation Ibadan Western Region Phone: (022) 311667

· National Seed Corporation P.O. Box 9 Post Office Ibadan Ibadan Western Region

· Nigeria Society for the Improvement of Rural People P.O. Box 3125 Nsukke

· Premier (Pioneer) Seed Nigeria Ltd., P.O.Box 1673 Chikaji Industrial Estate Zaria Kaduna State Phone: (069) 51630 Telex: 72270 Fax: (069) 33202

· Sokoto Agricultural & Rural Development Authority P.O. Box 2245 Abdullahi Fodio Road Sokoto Phone: 232951

· Sunvit Agro-Industrial Company Ltd. (Division of Nigerian Bottling Company Plc) P.O. Box 159 Iddo House, Iddo Lagos Phone: 800220

· Rice Programme Schedule Officer, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Area 11, PMB 135, Garki, Abuja, Tel.: (234 9) 5230029, Fax: (234 9) 314216

· Federal Department of Agriculture (FDA), Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Area 11, PMB 135, Garki, Abuja, Tel.: (234 9) 3141269, Fax: (234 9) 3140989


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