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ISBN 92-5-104876-2
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© FAO 2003
1.1 Overview - Status and Challenges
1.1.1 Misperceptions of MCS
1.1.2 Civilian versus military involvement in MCS
1.1.3 Fisheries as a lead ministry
1.1.4 MCS tools for management1.2 Definition of MCS
1.3 Role of MCS in Fisheries Management
1.4 Emerging Trends in MCS1.4.1 Devolution of authority
1.4.2 Participatory management
1.4.3 New technology
CHAPTER 2 - LEGAL ASPECTS OF MCS
2.1 Introduction
2.2 International Law Relevant to MCS2.2.1 International law
2.2.2 The 1982 UN Convention (UNCLOS)
2.2.3 FAO Compliance Agreement
2.2.4 1995 UN Fish Stocks Agreement
2.2.5 FAO Code of Conduct
2.2.6 Other international agreements and obligations2.3 The Powers of States to Make and Enforce Fisheries Laws
2.3.1 Internal waters, the territorial sea and archipelagic waters
2.3.2 The exclusive economic zone (EEZ)
2.3.3 The continental shelf
2.3.4 The high seas
2.3.5 Port State control
2.3.6 Flag State powers2.4 Strengthening National Regulatory Frameworks for MCS
2.4.1 The role of domestic (national) law
2.4.2 Key issues
2.4.3 Introduction of VMS
2.4.4 Security and confidentiality of information
2.4.5 Facilitating legal enforcement2.5 Synopsis of Implications of the Emerging International Fisheries Regime for MCS
CHAPTER 3 - DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR MCS
3.1 Influencing Factors
3.2 Geographic and demographic aspects3.2.1 Size of the EEZ and the fishing area within the Zone
3.2.2 Topography of the coastline
3.2.3 Area of active fisheries
3.2.4 Fishing fleet profile
3.2.5 Precautionary approach
3.2.6 International pressures
3.2.7 Bilateral and regional cooperation
3.2.8 Demographics of the domestic fishery3.3.1 Contribution of fisheries to the GNP
3.3.2 Employment opportunities
3.3.3 Benefits to other ocean users
3.3.4 Food security3.4 Political will and commitment
3.4.1 Control domestic as well as foreign fishing
3.4.2 Scientific advice and the precautionary approach
3.4.3 Participatory management and MCS
CHAPTER 4 - ORGANIZATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR MCS
4.1 National, Subregional and Regional Structures
4.2 Roles and Responsibilities
4.3 Core Infrastructure Requirements4.4 Staffing
4.5 Financial Aspects4.5.1 Resource rent
4.5.2 Cost-effective data collection and verification
4.5.3 Fisheries management strategy
4.5.4 Legislation
4.5.5 Licences
4.5.6 "No force" strategies
4.5.7 Private sector MCS
CHAPTER 5 - MANAGEMENT MEASURES, CONSULTATION AND PLANNING
5.1.1 Mesh size
5.1.2 Chafers and strengthening ropes
5.1.3 Area closures
5.1.4 Windows or zones
5.1.5 Catch or quota controls
5.1.6 Individual transferable quotas (ITQs)
5.1.7 Trip limits
5.1.8 Minimum or maximum fish sizes
5.1.9 Vessel movement controls
5.1.10 Vessel sightings reports
5.1.11 Vessel inspections
5.1.12 Observers
5.1.13 Licences
5.1.14 Participatory management
5.1.15 Use of new technology
5.1.16 "No force" measures
CHAPTER 6 - OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT
6.1 Licensing
6.2 Vessel Marking
6.3 Data Collection
6.4 Verification of Catches6.4.1 Estimation of total catch of trawlers
6.4.2 Catch estimation for other fisheries and product types
6.4.3 Estimation of catch composition
6.4.4 Estimation by production category6.5 Transshipment
6.6 MCS Equipment6.6.1 Radar
6.6.2 Vessel monitoring systems
6.6.3 Satellite imagery
6.6.4 Geographic information systems (GIS)6.7 Operational Infrastructure for MCS
6.7.1 Land-based activities
6.7.2 Air surveillance
6.7.3 Surveillance at sea
6.7.4 Provision of firearms
CHAPTER 7 - PATROLS, BOARDINGS, INSPECTIONS AND PROSECUTION
7.1.1 Land patrols
7.1.2 Air patrols
7.1.3 Coastal patrols
7.1.4 Offshore patrols7.3 Verification of Position
7.4 Fisheries Prosecutions7.4.1 Preparation and training
7.4.2 Recording observations
7.4.3 Decision to prosecute
8.1 Coastal Areas and Integrated Coastal Management
8.2 Challenges Facing Fisheries Administrators in Coastal Areas8.2.1 Stakeholder participation in ICM
8.2.2 Socio-economic status of coastal fishers and "open access"
8.2.3 Coral reefs and mangrove nurseries
8.2.4 Non-fisheries interests
8.2.5 Political context
8.2.6 Research and information8.3 The Role of Fisheries MCS in ICM
8.4 Establishing an MCS System for Coastal Waters8.4.1 Step One: Assessment of the influencing factors
8.4.2 Step Two: Inter-Agency Mechanisms
8.4.3 Step Three: Preventive MCS in CRM planning
8.4.4 Step Four: Coastal MCS options8.5 Safety-at-Sea and Coastal MCS
8.5.1 Strategy and cost
8.5.2 Institutional supporting structures
8.5.3 National, regional and international responsibilities
ANNEX B. MCS COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENT COSTS
ANNEX C. STRENGTHENING NATIONAL LEGISLATION RELEVANT TO MCS
ANNEX D. REGIONAL MCS THE SOUTH PACIFIC FORUM FISHERIES AGENCY EXPERIENCE
ANNEX E. CORE COMPONENTS OF FISHERIES OFFICER TRAINING
ANNEX F. CORE COMPONENTS OF OBSERVER TRAINING
ANNEX G. CORE COMPONENTS OF A FISHERIES OFFICER OPERATIONS MANUAL
ANNEX H. FISHING GEAR IDENTIFICATION
ANNEX I. CORE COMPONENTS OF MCS REPORTS
ANNEX J. FISHING VESSEL IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING (FAO and Malaysian systems)