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REFERENCES

Acharya, P.P. 1984. The economic benefits of Daphne harvesting and papermaking. In Proceedings of the lokta (Daphne) and craft papermaking in Nepal workshop. Kathmandu, Nepal, Department of Forests/UNICEF.

Amatya, S.M. 1997. The rattan of Nepal. IUCN Nepal Biodiversity Publication Series. Kathmandu, Nepal, IUCN.

Amatya, S.M.; Paudel, S.K. & Chawdhary, C.L. 1998. Eco-geographic survey of rattan. Report prepared for International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Singapore. Kathmandu, Nepal, Forest Research and Survey Centre, (unpublished).

Dev, O.P. & Sizeland, P.T. 2000. Resin collection and marketing – potential for livelihood improvement for community forest user groups: a case study for Dhankuta district, east Nepal. In S.M. Amatya, ed. Community based NTFP management. Proceedings of a Regional Workshop for South and East Asian Countries NTFP Network, held in Kathmandu, Nepal, 8–9 April 2000.

Bhattarai, D.R. & Maharjan, P. 2000. Medicinal and aromatic plants based on community forestry development. In S.M. Amatya, ed. Community based NTFP management. Proceedings of a Regional Workshop for South and East Asian Countries NTFP Network, held in Kathmandu, Nepal, 8–9 April 2000.

Department of Forests. 2000. Annual report. Kathmandu, Nepal, Department of Forests.

Edwards, D.M. 1996. Non-timber forest products from Nepal. Aspects of the trade in medicinal and aromatic plants. FORESC Monograph 1/96. Kathmandu, Nepal, Forest Research and Survey Centre, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation. 134 pp.

FAO. 1982. Medicinal plants of Nepal. RAP Publication 64, 25 pp. Bangkok, Thailand, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.

Herbal Products Processing Company Ltd (HPCCL). 2000. Memo reports. Kathmandu, Nepal, Herbal Products Processing Company Ltd.

Jackson, J.K. 1994. Manual of afforestation in Nepal. Vol. 2. Kathmandu, Nepal, Forest Research

and Survey Centre, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation.

Karki, J.B.S. & Karki, M. 1997. Bamboo production, use and trade in eastern Nepal: a case study. In M. Karki, A.N. Rao, V.R. Rao & J.T. William, eds. The role of bamboo, rattan and medicinal plants in mountain development. Proceedings of a workshop held at the Institute of Forestry, 15–17 May 1996, Pokhara, Nepal.

Khatri, D.B. 1994. Non-wood forest products in Asia, P.B. Durst, W. Ulrich & M. Kashio, eds. Bangkok, Thailand, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.

Nepal Rastra Bank. 2000. Trade statistics. Kathmandu, Nepal, Nepal Rastra Bank.

Nepal Rosin & Turpentine Company Ltd. 2001. Memo report. Kathmandu, Nepal, Nepal Rosin and Turpentine Company Ltd.

New Era Ltd. 2001. A study on non-timber forest products of Bagmati Integrated Watershed Management Program. Kathmandu, Nepal, Bagmati Integrated Watershed Management Program.

Olsen, C.S. 1998. The trade in medicinal and aromatic plants from Central Nepal to northern India. Economic Botany 52(3): 279–292.

Paudel, D. & Rosset, C. 1998. What Hanuman brought was not only jaributi. Action Research Cell, Technical Note No. 1. Kathmandu, Nepal, Nepal Swiss Community Forestry Development Project.

Rawal, R.B. 1995. Commercialization of aromatic plants and medical plants in Nepal. In Beyond timber: social, economic and cultural dimensions of non-wood forest products in Asia and the Pacific. RAP Publication 1995/13. Bangkok, Thailand, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.

Shrestha, G.L. & Shrestha, B. 1999. An overview of wild relatives of cultivated plants in Nepal. In R. Shrestha & B. Shrestha, eds. Wild relatives of cultivated plants in Nepal. Proceedings of National Conference on Wild Relatives of Cultivated Plants in Nepal, Kathmandu, June 2–4, 1999.

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This report has been realized within the framework of the EC-FAO Partnership Programme "Sustainable Forest Management in Asia". The contents are based on available information at FAO headquarters in Rome, as well as on a report provided by Dr Swoyambhu Man Amatya, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Department of Forest Research and Survey, Forest Research Division, Kathmandu, Nepal.

The following persons have also contributed to the praparation of this report: Executive Chairman, Nepal Rosin and Turpentine, Company Limited; Mr Dhruba Raj Bhattarai, General Manager, Herbal Products Processing Company Ltd; Mr M. Haque, Mr G.D. Pinprikar, Dabur Nepal Private Ltd; Mr Pratap Man Shrestha, Program Officer, FAO, Kathmandu. The Department of Forests, Babar Mahal, Kathmandu, also contributed to the report’s preparation.

Additional information on NWFP, especially on animals and animal products in Nepal, would be appreciated and duly acknowledged.

 

CONTACTS

Asia Network for Small-Scale Agricultural Bio-resources

Minbhavan, Kathmandu

Bhaktapur Crafts Printers

P.O. Box 2205

Bhaktapur

Centre for Community Development and Research,

Gorkha District.

Gorkha Ayurved Co. Gorkha District.

P.O. Box 3666,

Chetrapati, Kathmandu

Karnali Institute, Jumla District

Sambala Herbal and Aromatic Industries, Sunsari District

Private enterprises supported by HPPCL (Herbal Products Processing Company Limited):

Natural Products Industries, Kapilbastu District

Purbanchal Citronella Udhyog, Jhapa District

Himalayan Ginger Co., Tanahu District

 

ANNEX 1. FOREST SERVICES

According to the report by Dr Swoyambhu Man Amatya, the only important non-wood service is grazing by livestock. Livestock grazing takes place throughout the year but there is no information on livestock types and the extent of the area grazed.

Since some valuable species of medicinal plants are facing the threat of extinction due to indiscriminate collection, national parks and wildlife reserves have been established to protect the natural ecosystem. National parks and wildlife reserves occupy 14 percent of the total land area (Rawal 1995).

QUANTITATIVE NWFP DATA OF NEPAL

Product

Resource

Economic Value

Category

Importance

Trade name

Generic term

Species

Part used

Habitat

Source

Destination

Quantity, Value

Remarks

References

1, 2, 3

F, P, O

W, C

N, I

Plant and plant products

Food

1

Sal seed

Shorea robusta

se

F

W

N,I

1984–1986: average of 430 000 litres of seed oil and 3 500 MT of de-oiled cake

  

Jackson 1994

1

Katha and kutch

Acacia catechu

hw

F

W

N,I

1988: 74 MT

US$15/kg

  

Edwards 1996

Fodder

1

Badahar

Artocarpus lakoocha

l

P,O

C

N

60–200 kg p/a

  

Upadhya 1991

1

Khanyu

Ficus semicordata

l

P,O

C

N

    

Pandey 1982

2

Nebharo

Ficus auriculata

l

P,O

C

N

60–80 kg p/a

  

Amatya 1990

3

Dhudhilo

Ficus nerifolia

l

P,O

C

N

    

Jackson 1994

3

Gogan

Saurauria nepaulensis

l

P,O

C

N

    

Amatya 1990

3

Khasru

Quercus semecarpifolia

l

F

W

N

    

Amatya 1990

3

Kutmero

Litsea monopetala

l

P,O

C

N

    

Amatya 1990

Medicinal and aromatic plants

1

Kutki

Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora

ro, st

F, O

W

N, I

47 MT in 1997/98

  

Dept. of Forests 1998

1

Chiraitio

Swertia chiraita

pl

F, P, O

W, C

N, I

286 MT in 1997/98

  

Dept. of Forests 1998

1

Timur

Zanthoxylum armatum

se

F

W

N,I

260 MT in 1993/94

  

Dept. of Forests 1995

 

Product

Resource

Economic Value

Category

Importance

Trade name

Generic term

Species

Part used

Habitat

Source

Destination

Quantity, Value

Remarks

References

1, 2, 3

F, P, O

W, C

N, I

Plant and plant products

 

1

Yarsa gumba

Cordyseps sinesis

  

O

W

N,I

In India sold at NR28 000/kg

In remote districts sold at NR3 to 5 per piece

 

Amatya 2001

 

1

Panch aule

Dactylorhiza hatagirea

  

O

W

N,I

In India sold at US$12–20/kg

  

Amatya 2001
 

Sarpagandha

Rauwolfia serpentina

ro

F,O

W,C

N,I

50 MT exported in 1996

  

Edwards 1996

1

Tejpat

Cinnamomum tamala

le

F

W

N,I

101 MT in 1997/98

  

Dept. of Forests 1998

1

Dalchini

Cinnamomum jalanicum

ba

F

W

N,I

87 MT in 1997/98

  

Dept. of Forests 1998

1

Ritha

Sapindus mukuorossi

fr

F,O

W, C

N, I

1 043 MT in 1997/98

  

Dept. of Forests 1998

1

Kurilo/

Satawari

Asparagus racemosus

ro

F

W

N,I

27 MT in 1997/98

  

Dept. of Forests 1998

1

Nagbeli

Lycopodium clavatum

pd

F

W

N

34 MT in 1997/98

  

Dept. of Forests 1998

1

Lauth salla

Taxus baccata

le

F

W

N,I

253 MT in 1997/98

  

Dept. of Forests 1998

2

Guche chau

Morchella corina

pl

F

W

N,I

100 MT in 1995

  

New Era 2001

3

Atis

Delphinium himalayai

pl

F,O

W

N

2 800 MT in 1995

  

New Era 2001

1

Jatamasi

Nardostachys jatamansi

ro

F, O

W

N, I

97 MT in 1997/98

  

Dept. of Forests 1998

 

 

Product

Resource

Economic Value

Category

Importance

Trade name

Generic term

Species

Part used

Habitat

Source

Destination

Quantity, Value

Remarks

References

1, 2, 3

F, P, O

W, C

N, I

Plant and plant products
 

2

Sugandhawal

Valeriana jatamansi

ro

F,O

W

N,I

48 MT in 1997/98

22 MT in 1996/97

  

Dept. of Forests 1998

Dyeing and tanning

 

1

Majito

Rubia manjith

p

F

W

N, I

87 MT in 1997/98

105 MT in 1996/97

  

Dept. of Forests 1998
 

1

Padamchal

Rheum emodi

ro

F,O

W

N

18 MT in 1997/98

Plantations: 13 557 seedlings in 1999

17 000 seedlings in 2000

Dept. of Forests 1998

Utensils, handicrafts, construction materials

1

Lokta

Daphne bholua,

Daphne papyracea

ba

 

F

 

W

 

N, I

 

700 000 sheets in 1984,

1983/84: 35 000 kg of paper

  

Jeanreneud 1984

Acharya 1984
 

2

Leyas/ murali

Ampelocalamus patellans

st

F

W

N

Average 3 culms p/a

  

Karki and Kari 1996

Exudates

1

Khoto

Pinus roxburghii

rn

F,P

W

N,I

1 518 MT of rosin;

3 41 MT of turpentine produced in 1999

  

Nepal Rosin & Turpentine Co. 2001

Importance: 1 – high importance at the national level; 2 – high importance at the local/regional level; 3 – low importance

Parts used: an – whole animal; ba – bark; bw – beeswax; le – leaves; nu – nuts; fi – fibres; fl – flowers; fr – fruits; gu – gums;

ho – honey; la – latex; oi – oil; pl – whole plant; re – resins; ro – roots; sa – sap; se – seeds; st – stem; ta – tannins; heartwood (hw); shoot (sh); tuber (tub)

Habitat: F – natural forest or other wooded lands; P – plantation; O – trees outside forests (e.g. agroforestry, home gardens)

Source: W – wild, C – cultivated

Destination: N – national; I – international

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