Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Editors: John Pontius, Russell Dilts, Andrew Bartlett
Bangkok, July 2002
FAO Community IPM Programme
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FAO 2002
For copies contact:
Meetings and Publications Officer
FAO Regional Office for
Asia and the Pacific
Phra Athit Road, Bangkok 10200, Thailand
1. Ten years of IPM field schools
1.1 Empowerment of farmers
1.2 Farmers and what they have to say
1.3 Outsiders' views on IPM field schools
1.4 Community IPM and the future
2. A brief look at the historical context of the FFS
2.1 Small farmers in Asia and the Green Revolution
2.2 The importance of being expert
2.3 Getting the bugs out
2.4 IPM and sustainable agriculture2.4.1 Developments in the Philippines
2.4.2 Indonesia and farmer field schools
3. The IPM farmer field school
3.1 The typical rice IPM field school
3.1.1 To the field
3.1.2 Further notes on the FFS
3.1.3 The role of the facilitator
4.2 Community IPM in Gerung subdistrict
4.2.1 Gerung subdistrict
4.2.2 National IPM programme field activities in Gerung subdistrict
4.2.3 IPM farmer activities4.3 A change in roles
4.4 The farmer planning meeting and the farmer technical meeting4.4.1 Farmer planning meetings
4.4.2 Farmer technical meetings4.5 IPM, institutionalization and civil society at the community level
5. Educational foundations of the field school
5.1 The principles of education and the IPM farmer field school
5.1.1 A definition of learning and the learning cycle
5.1.2 "Andragogy"
5.1.3 Learner-centred approach
5.1.4 Learning theory and the FFS5.2 A critical theoretical framework and the FFS approach
5.2.1 The technical domain
5.2.2 The practical domain
5.2.3 The empowerment domain
5.2.4 The FFS learning approach
6. Rice IPM in Asia: ecological principles underlying the FFS
6.1 Early development of IPM
6.2 Pest control and IPM in tropical rice systems6.3 A general theory of tropical rice agro-ecosystems
7. Participatory management and evaluation in community IPM
7.1 Management
7.2 Participatory evaluation
7.3 Frameworks for analysis7.3.1 Relationships
7.3.2 Social gains
7.3.3 The partial budget analysis
8.1 Farmer-to-farmer activities in the region
8.1.1 Bangladesh
8.1.2 Cambodia
8.1.3 China
8.1.4 Indonesia: the IPM Farmers' Association
8.1.5 Nepal
8.1.6 Sri Lanka
8.1.7 Viet Nam8.2.1 Capturing systems
8.2.2 Move quickly
8.2.3 Let the farmers show them
8.2.4 Actively engage local institutions
8.2.5 Use TOT trainers as communicators
8.2.6 Establish new systems through training
8.2.7 Create room for farmers to take action
8.2.8 Continuously build farmer capacities
8.2.9 Organize IPM nodes and networks
8.2.10 Scale up, down and out
8.2.11 Maintain flexibility and organizational learning8.3.1 A sustainable livelihood framework
8.3.2 Further developments