APPENDIX A (contd.)

TABLE 4.6

UGANDA - L. VICTORIA WATERS TRAWL MEAN CATCH RATES BY SPECIES, NORTHERN SECTOR

Source : Okaronon et al. (1984)

Table 4.7

UGANDA - L. VICTORIA WATERS, MAJOR AND MINOR LANDING SITES*

* SOURCE: Uganda Fisheries Department
** Sesse Islands, other islands and occasional landing sites not included.

Table 4.8

UGANDA - PRICE INDICES REFLECTING SPECIES PREFERENCE BY REGIONS AROUND LAKE VICTORIA*

SOURCE: Kanyike (1972). Indices based on highest price = 100.

4.9

UGANDA - FISH PRICES RELATING TO THE KAMPALA MARKET

II. WHOLESALE PRICES FOR PROCESSED FISH (Old U.Sh.)³

¹ SOURCE: Enquiries on Katwe and Kawempe markets and information provided by market observers of UFD (July 1987)

² Bagrus, Barbus, Clarias

³ SOURCE: UFD statistics for Kibuye and Nakivubo markets

Table 4.10

UGANDA - L. VICTORIA WATERS, COST AND EARNINGS OF REPRESENTATIVE FISHING UNITS
(U.sh, July 1987)

NOTES

1. Canoes
A slighty higher price was assumed for canoes carrying the largest number of gear as these are usually slightly longer.

2. Nets
Unit price was recorded at 1600 U.Sh/net for nets of 8 inch and above (Nile perch) and at 1400 U.sh/net for nets of 5.5 to 7 inch (tilapia).

3. Crew size
For most units, the actual crew size fishing is 3; however, larger units generally involve more people working on a rotation basis.

4. Yield per day
Calculated on the basis of 3 kg/net/day for Nile perch and 2 kg/net/day for tilapia.

5. Crew allotment
Corresponds to the fish distributed to the fishing crew after each trip, generally involves 2 to 3 fish for the whole crew depending upon the size of the unit.

6. Number days fishing
It was noted that motorised units generally fish more days because fishermen are fishing on a rotation basis and because of better management.

7. Repair and maintenance
Assumed at 20% of the cost of the canoe, outboard engine, and gear used annually; allowance being made for loss of equipment.

8. Fuel cost,
Mixed fuel (petrol and oil) was costing 37.5 Ush./litre at the time of the mission. Fuel consumption varies with location and horsepower, average reported figure are used.

9. Crew salaries
Generally, salaries are used but these depend greatly on performances. The percentage of 15% and 20% of net revenues were generally observed respectively in the Nile perch and tilapia fishery for non-motorised canoes. For these, average monthly salary was about Ush. 800. For motorised canaoes the average was about Ush. 1 000. Monthly salaries on the Islands were reported to be less than half. The basis used to calculate salaries is underlined.

10. Depreciation
Depreciation is calculated as follows: canoes (5 years), engine (6 years), tilapia nets (8 months), Nile perch nets (6 months).

11. Food for crew
Crew members are provided with trip rations and fed daily when fishing. The daily cost per crew member was reported to be Ush. 25.

12. Miscellaneous costs
Allowance for theft; interest paid on borrowed capital; travel cost for getting gear and equipment; social obligations vis-à-vis crew, suppliers and buyers; etc.

13. Opportunity cost of management
Ad hoc estimates of the value of the time spent by the owner for the management of the unit.

Table 5.1

L. VICTORIA - ESTIMATED VALUE OF TOTAL PRODUCTION IN 1975 AND 1985

NOTES

1. Ideally, the value of production should have been calculated on the basis of prevailing 1975 and 1985 prices as corrected for inflation and further using actual exchange rates for comparative purposes. However, the lack of price data and difficulties in assessing both inflation and foreign exchange rates made it necessary to develop an ad hoc price index instead.

2. The index is derived as follows. (a) Average relative prices per species or groups of species are calculated based on existing data: 1983–86 average for Tanzania (Table 3.7); 1976–86 for Kenya (Table 2.4); and mission estimates for Uganda, (b) on this basis indices are then calculated using the price of tilapia as a base 100.

3. Tilapia prices range from 0.35 to 0.65 US$/kg in the three countries concerned depending upon the rate of exchange used (official or informal). For the sake of simplicity it is assumed that the price of tilapia in current 1987 US$ is identical in each three countries; 0.5 US$/kg or 500 US$/ton. The price of other species is calculated on the basis of the indices discussed above.

4. Five major species groups are considered: Bagrus, Protopterus, Clarias, Synodontis and Schilbe.

5. Landings are estimated as follows. (a) For 1975, total landings are taken to be 25 000 t rather than the 15 500 t quoted in CIFA (1982). Justification is given in Section 4.2.2. (b) Species composition is based on 1975–79 averages (Table 4.3). (c) 1987 figures are mission estimates.

6. The fact that a large proportion of the 1975 Haplochromis landings was most uneconomically reduced into fish meal in Tanzania is not taken into account.

Table 5.2

ESTIMATES OF GROSS ECONOMIC BENEFITS DERIVED FROM THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE LAKE VICTORIA ECOSYSTEM

I. HYPOTHESES

• Gross economic benefits are reflected by the value of production using a retail price conservatively estimated at 700 $/t, i.e. 2.5 times the ex-vessel price (280 $/t according to Table 5.1).

• Five production scenarios are considered: (A) continuation of past trends as if the Nile perch stock had remained insignificant; (B) recent trend as reflected by official statistics until 1987 with production stabilising at a MSY level of 250 000 t afterwards; and (C), (D) and (E), correction of trends until 1987 to reflect possible over-estimation of official statistics and consecutive reduction of production levels towards MSY respectively estimated at 200 000 t (C), 150 000 t (D) and 100 000 t (E).

II. PRODUCTION SCENARIOS FOR 1980–1994 ('000 t)

III. NET GAINS OVER THE 1980–1994 PERIOD WITH RESPECT TO SCENARIO A

Table 5.3

COMPARATIVE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCES OF TRADITIONAL CANOES AND TRAWLING, NILE PERCH FISHERY IN MWANZA AREA
(1987)

I. FISHING UNITS¹

• The trawler unit is assumed to involve a 12 m wooden trawler (WT) with a 105 HP diesel engine, a mechanically driven winch, a crew of five and two high vertical-opening bottom trawls with a 18 m headline. The catch is kept on board without ice.

• Based on the average hourly catch obtained by the trawler operated by HEST during the best fishing season in the Mwanza area, the WT could catch 200 per trawling hour. (This trawler is of steel construction but is otherwise similar to the one described above.) Assuming 6 hours trawling per day and 215 days fishing per year (a normal operation of 250 days per year would be difficult in view of the shortages of fuel and spare parts as well as difficult mechanical repairs), the catch could be of 258 t per year. For an average price of Tsh. 20/kg this represents a yearly gross revenue of Tsh. 5 160 000.

• Based on results obtained from unmotorised traditional canoes (TC) as indicated in Table 3.10, a similar level of catch and gross revenue might be obtained by a fleet of about 15 canoes.

II. MAJOR COST COMPONENTS OF FISHING UNITS

Note: For a TC, costs given in Table 3.10 refer. For a WT the investment, depreciation and maintenance costs are given below:

A. EQUIPMENT

B. DAILY OPERATION

Note: This gives a yearly fuel consumption of about 32 500 litres or at Tsh 40.0 per litre a yearly fuel cost of Tsh 1 300 000.

C. OTHER

• Labour cost is estimated at Tsh 610 000 all inclusive, as reported by operators; insurance cost at 6% of investment cost; lubricant cost at 5% of fuel cost; financial cost at 15% of two-thirds of total investment; opportunity cost of management at five times the minimum wage.

• Foreign exchange components for the WT are estimated at 100% of engine, machinery and fishing gear costs (Tsh 425 000 per year), plus 100% of fuel and lubricant costs, plus 50% of maintenance cost. The Forex components for the TC are estimated at 100% of gear cost, even though gear is mostly made from second hand material at present.

III. FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCES

NOTES

¹ Information on trawling operation provided by M. Guidicelli, FAO, Rome

² Fuel consumption is calculated on the basis of hourly consumption at full power

Table 5.4

UGANDA - LAKE KYOGA, TOTAL ANNUAL CATCHES (m.t.)
1961–1982 (All Species)*

* SOURCES: UFD (1961–75); Uganda Ministry of Animal Industry and Fisheries, 1983 (1976–82)

** Rounded to nearest 100. As noted in section 5.1.6, there has been a drastic drop in the Lake Kyoga Nile perch catches since 1983. Recent observations indicate that “The most likely cause of this decline has been overfishing, using small-mesh seine nets” (Marriot 1988)