Primary aquatic animal health care in rural,
small-scale, aquaculture development


FAO
FISHERIES
TECHNICAL
PAPER
406

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ISBN 92-5-104764-2

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© FAO 2002

PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT

This document is the Technical Pproceedings of the Asia Regional Scoping Workshop on "Primary Aquatic Animal Health Care in Rural, Small-Scale, Aquaculture Development", jointly organised by the Department for International Development of the United Kingdom (DFID), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-PacificNetwork of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA), and hosted by the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) in Dhaka, Bangladesh from the 27th -- 30th September 1999.

A summary report on the meeting has been published as:

DFID/FAO/NACA/GoB. 2000. Primary Aquatic Animal Health Care in Rural, Small-scale Aquaculture Development. Report of an Asia Regional Scoping Workshop held in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from 27th-30th September 1999. Department for International Development, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific, 36 p.

It includes the background, a brief summary of proceedings, Working group reports, conclusions and recommendations and the list of participants. A modified version of this report is included as from that report are included as Aappendixppendi Ices 1 -- 5 of the presentis document. (can we put in one Appendix?)

Distribution:

FAO Fisheries Department
FAO Regional Fisheries and Aquaculture Officers
FAO field projects
Directorates of Fisheries
Fish Health Institutions of the Asia-Pacific
Other interested parties
Workshop participants


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The editors would like to thank the following for providing valuable suggestions during the editing process: Margaret Crumlish, Dan Fegan, Simon Funge-Smith, Dilip Kumar, James F. Turnbull and Zhou Xiaowei.

The financial assistance from the Department for International Development of the United Kingdom (DFID) in supporting the workshop and proceedings is also gratefully acknowledged.

Arthur, J.R.; Phillips, M.J.; Subasinghe, R.P.; Reantaso, M.B.; MacRae, I.H. (eds.)
Primary Aquatic Animal Health Care in Rural, Small-scale, Aquaculture Development.
FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 406. Rome, FAO. 2002. 382 p.

ABSTRACT

This document is the Technical Proceedings of the Asia Regional Scoping Workshop on "Primary Aquatic Animal Health Care in Rural, Small-scale, Aquaculture Development," held in Dhaka, Bangladesh from 27 - 30 September 1999. The workshop was organised by the Department for International Development of the United Kingdom (DFID), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA), and hosted by the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock of the Government of Bangladesh (GoB). The objectives of the workshop were twofold: (1) to review information on socio-economic impacts, risks of disease incursions and health management strategies in rural, small-scale aquaculture and enhanced fisheries programmes; and (2) to identify potential interventions for their better health management and appropriate follow-up actions. The workshop was attended by 48 participants from 12 countries and is complementary to efforts of FAO, NACA and others to assist countries within the Asian Region to develop effective policies and improve capacities to minimise the impacts of aquatic animal disease outbreaks. The workshop was preceded by several case studies in countries of the Asian Region that explored the social and economic impacts of aquatic animal disease on the livelihoods of people involved in small-scale aquaculture and enhanced fisheries. The workshop largely focused on understanding the impacts of aquatic animal health risks in small-scale rural, low-input aquaculture and enhanced fisheries and evaluating their impacts on rural livelihoods. The workshop also attempted to derive appropriate management interventions to deal with health risks within rural livelihood programmes involving aquaculture and enhanced fisheries.

The workshop was a unique event bringing together experienced aquatic animal health specialists, aquaculturists, sociologists, economists, extension specialists and rural development practitioners in the Asian Region. Although quantitatively estimating the overall impacts of disease on rural livelihoods was difficult due to lack of adequate socio-economic information, the consensus among the workshop participants was that aquatic animal health problems are a risk to the livelihoods of people involved in small-scale aquaculture and enhanced fisheries in Asia. From the information derived from specific case studies, it was clear though that health problems impact on the livelihoods of rural, resource-poor aqua-farmers, fishers and their dependants, through loss of production, income and assets. A necessity to quantify better the livelihood impacts was clearly identified. The workshop agreed that the risks to sustainable livelihoods from the introduction of aquatic animal pathogens and health problems originate from several fundamental inadequacies, with lack of knowledge in understanding and managing risks being a major basis for concern. The workshop considered that health management interventions should be a component within programmes aimed at harnessing aquaculture's potential for rural development. It was also recognised that aquatic animal health problems in inland enhanced fisheries systems are often beyond the control of rural communities, making the livelihoods of rural poor most at risk when serious disease outbreaks occur.

Whilst the risks and impacts of disease in small-scale aquaculture and enhanced fisheries vary between countries and localities, and the management interventions for mitigation may differ, the workshop identified a number of strategies with the potential to reduce risks to livelihoods from such problems. This Technical Proceedings, including the case study papers, presentations, discussions and findings from the workshop, represents a valuable and unique collection of information on aquatic animal health in small-scale aquaculture and enhanced fisheries within the Asian Region.

(Key words: Asia, Rural development, Aquaculture, Fisheries enhancement, Fish disease, Health management)

Table of Contents

Aquatic Animal Health Management: Opportunities and Challenges for Rural, Small-scale Aquaculture, and Enhanced-fisheries Development: Workshop Introductory Remarks Rohana P. Subasinghe and Michael J. Phillips

Health Management Issues in the Rural Livestock Sector: Useful Lessons for Consideration when Formulating Programmes on Health Management in Rural, Small-scale Aquaculture for Livelihood Chris Baldock

An Overview of the Social and Economic Impact and Management of Fish and Shrimp Disease in Bangladesh, with an Emphasis on Small-scale Aquaculture M.A. Mazid and A.N.H. Banu

Risk Factors and Socio-economic Impacts Associated with Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) in Bangladesh Masud H. Khan and James H. Lilley

Aquatic Animal Health Management Issues in Rural Aquaculture Development in Lao PDR Simon Funge-Smith and Pierre Dubeau

Social and Economic Impacts of Aquatic Animal Health Problems in Aquaculture in China Wei Qi

Social and Economic Impacts of Aquatic Animal Health Problems on Aquaculture in India C.V. Mohan and Ramachandra Bhatta

Jaundice Disease in Catfish, a Case Study Demonstrating a Decline in Incidence as a Result of Research Output Supranee Chinabut

Impacts of Disease in Small-scale Aquaculture in Thailand: Case Studies Supranee Chinabut, Temdoung Somsiri and Yaowanit Danayadol

A Survey of Disease Impact and Awareness in Pond Aquaculture in Bangladesh, the Fisheries Training and Extension Project - Phase II David Brown and Alan Brooks

A Survey of Health Issues in Carp/Macrobrachium Culture in Rice Fields in Bangladesh Ian H. MacRae, Greg Chapman, S.M. Nurun Nabi and Goutam Chandra Dhar

Potential Adverse Socio-economic and Biological Impacts of Aquatic Animal Pathogens Due to Hatchery-based Enhancement of Inland Open-water Systems, and Possibilities for their Minimisation J. Richard Arthur and Rohana P. Subasinghe

Social, Economic and Biodiversity Impacts of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) J.H. Lilley, R.B. Callinan and M.H. Khan

Health Management Issues in Freshwater Fish Hatcheries, Nurseries and Fry Distribution, with Emphasis on Experiences in Vietnam and Bangladesh David C. Little, Pham Anh Tuan and Benoy Barman

Issues in Carp Hatcheries and Nurseries in Bangladesh, with Special Reference to Health Management M.R. Hasan and G.U. Ahmed

The Impacts of Red Spot Disease on Small-scale Aquaculture in Northern Vietnam Phan Thi Van, Le Van Khoa, Dang Thi Lua, Kim Van Van and Nguyen Thi Ha

Social and Economic Impacts and Management of Shrimp Disease Among Small-scale Farmers in Thailand and Vietnam Pornlerd Chanratchakool and Michael J. Phillips

Social and Economic Impacts of Shrimp Disease Among Small-scale, Coastal Farmers and Communities in Bangladesh Anwara Begum and S. M. Nazmul Alam

A Case Study of Isopod Infestation in Tilapia Cage Culture in Thailand Supranee Chinabut

The Impact of Disease on Small-scale Coastal Cage-fish Culture in Thailand Somkiat Kanchanakhan, Pornlerd Chanratchakool and Sataporn Direkbusarakom

Impacts of Disease on Small-scale Grouper Culture in the Philippines Joselito R. Somga, Sonia S. Somga and Melba B. Reantaso

Risks to Small-scale Cage Farmers in Bangladesh, with Emphasis on Fish Health Experiences of the CARE-CAGES Project Kenneth McAndrew

Tam Giang Lagoon Aquatic Systems Health Assessment Ton That Phap and Le Thi Nam Thuan

A Survey of the Socio-economic Impact of Aquatic Animal Disease on Small-scale Aquaculture Production and Reservoir/Capture Fisheries in Southern Lao PDR Melba B. Reantaso, Bounthong Sengvilaykham, Angus Cameron and Pornlerd Chanratchakool

A Review of the Economic Impacts of Aquatic Animal Disease Adis Israngkura and Sombat Sae-Hae

Extension Methodologies for Aquatic Animal Health Management in Rural Pond Culture - Lessons from Bangladesh Md. Nazrul Islam

Making Health Management Relevant in the Context of Rural Aquaculture Development: Lessons from the CARE LIFE Project M.C. Nandeesha, Sabjul Haque, Manjurul Karim, Subir Kumar Saha and C.V.Mohan

Farmer Training and Extension: the Key to Health Management in Extensive Brackishwater Shrimp Aquaculture in Bangladesh Masudur Rahman, Swapan Chandra Paul and P.P.G.S.N. Siriwardena

Preliminary Results of the Fish Health Survey in Rural Aquaculture of Tien Giang Province, Vietnam Z. Jeney, N.V. Hao, Q.T. Trong, Nguyen Thi Mui, Pham Thi Bich Hong, N.M. Thanh and I.H. MacRae

Social and Economic Impacts of Disease in Inland Open-water and Culture-based Fisheries in India Manas K. Das

Appendix I - Summary Report of the Asia Regional Scoping Workshop on Primary Aquatic Animal Health Care in Rural, Small-scale, Aquaculture Development

Annex I - List of Workshop Participants
Annex II - Guidelines for Working Group Sessions and Terms of Reference
Annex III - Working Group 1 Report
Annex IV - Working Group 2 Report
Annex V - Working Group 3 Report
Annex VI - Conclusions and Recommendations

 

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