Biodrainage - Principles, Experiences and Applications


International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Albertus F. Heuperman
Department of Natural Resources and Environment
Agriculture Victoria, Institute of Sustainable Irrigated
Agriculture - Tatura Centre, Tatura, Australia

Arjun S. Kapoor
IPTRID Consultant, India

Harry W. Denecke
Theme Manager, IPTRID

Knowledge Synthesis Report
No. 6 - May 2002

ISSN 1607-6613

Table of Contents


IPTRID Secretariat
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Rome, 2002

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© FAO 2002


Table of Contents


PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2. BACKGROUND - TRADITIONAL DRAINAGE TECHNIQUES AND THE NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES

2.1 Conventional drainage techniques
2.2 Alternative approaches

CHAPTER 3. WHAT IS BIODRAINAGE, HOW DOES IT WORK? - ISSUES RELATED TO ITS IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 Scientific basis of biodrainage
3.2 Possible biodrainage scenarios
3.3 Principles of planning and design
3.4 Salt balance
3.5 Suitable plant, tree and shrub species
3.6 Biodiversity values
3.7 Marketability of produce
3.8 Biodrainage and wetlands
3.9 Biodrainage and urban landscapes
3.10 Socio-economic considerations
3.11 On-farm versus regional biodrainage systems

CHAPTER 4. SYNTHESIS OF RECENT BIODRAINAGE RELATED LITERATURE

4.1 Australia
4.2 India
4.3 Pakistan
4.4 United States

CHAPTER 5. CASE STUDIES AND EXPERIENCES

5.1 Australia: Irrigation area scenarios
5.2 India: Channel seepage in the Indira Gandhi Nahar Project, Rajasthan
5.3 Israel: Biodrainage for water table control
5.4 Pakistan: Study of biological control of waterlogging in Bhawalnagar, Punjab
5.5 Paraguay: Salinization resulting from deforestation in the Central Chaco
5.6 USA: Integrated management of saline drainage effluent

CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS

CHAPTER 7. FUTURE R&D WORK REQUIRED

Tree water use
Salt uptake and salt tolerance
Research methodology
Tree species research
Sustainability

APPENDIX 1. SALT TOLERANT SPECIES BASED ON RESEARCH IN PAKISTAN

REFERENCES

WEBSITES PROVIDING INFORMATION ON BIODRAINAGE AND BIODISPOSAL SYSTEMS

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