Previous PageTable Of Contents


References

Aarset, B., Beckmann, S., Bigne, J., Beveridge, M., Bjorndal, T., Bunting, M.J., McDonagh, P., Mariojouls, C., Muir, J.F., Prothero, A., Smith, A.P., Tveteras, R. & Young, J.A. 2000. Organic salmon: perceptions of consumer and interest groups p2. In R. Flos & Creswell (compilers) Responsible Aquaculture in the New Millennium. Abstracts of contributions presented at the International Conference AQUA 2000 held in Nice (France), 2-6 May 2000. European Aquaculture Society Special Publication No.2, Oostend, Belgium.

AFFA (Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Australia). 2001. Draft national standard for organic and biodynamic produce (available at www.affa.gov.au/corporate_docs/publications/pdf/quarantine/anprog/ National_Standard_1st_draft_3rd_Edition_Sept_2001.pdf).

Africa 2000 Network. 1999. Participatory Group Evaluation for Eradication through Environmentally Sustainable Technologies (Phase 1). June 1999.

AGRIPO Agriculture and Pollution. 2001. CEE case study: organic agriculture in Lithuania. In Policy options for pollution control - sustainable farming systems (available at http://distance.ktu.lt/agripo/home/8-sust-farming.pdf pp. 17-20).

Alcorn, J.B. l984. Huastec Mayan ethnobotany. Austin, USA, University of Texas Press.

Alföldi, T., Spiess, E., Niggli, U. & Besson, J.M. 1995. Energiebilanzen für verschiedene Kulturen bei biologischer und konventioneller Bewirtschaftung. Beitr. 3. Wiss.-Tagung ökol. Landbau, Kiel. Hrsg. Dewes, T. und Schmitt, L., Wissenschaftlicher Fachverlag, Giessen 1995, pp33-36.

Alger, K. 1998. The reproduction of the cocoa industry and biodiversity in southern Bahia, Brazil, paper presented at Cacao Workshop in Panama (March 30-April 2 1998); Smithsonian Migratory Bird Centre (available at www.nationalzoo.si.edu/smbc/Research/Cacao/alger.htm).

Alonso Villalón, N. 2002. First Spanish aquaculture certification includes sturgeon. The Organic Standard 12: 14-15.

Altieri, M.A. 1995. Agroecology: the science of sustainable agriculture. Boulder, Westview Press.

Altieri, M.A. 1999a. The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 74: 19-31.

Altieri, M.A. 1999b. Applying agroecology to enhance productivity of peasant farming systems in Latin America. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1: 197-217.

Avery, D. 1995. Saving the planet with pesticides and plastic. Indianapolis, The Hudson Institute.

Baker, B. 2001. Water: where organic standards have a place. The Organic Standard 3: 4-6.

Baker, B.P., Benbrook, C.M., Groth III, E. & Lutz Benbrook, K. 2002. Pesticide residues in conventional, IPM-grown and organic foods: insights from three US data sets. Food Additives and Contaminants, 19(5): 427-466.

Balfour, E. B. 1943. The living soil. London, Faber and Faber.

Barbera, G. & La Mantia,T. 1995. Analisi agronomica energetica. Filiere atte allo sviluppo di aree collinari e montane: il caso dell'agricoltura biologica. Chironi G Vo. 1 RAISA-University of Palermo.

Barret, J.R. 2001. Livestock farming: eating up the environment? Environmental Health Perspectives, 109(7): A312-A317.

Basilio C.S. 2000. Organic agriculture: More farms, less hunger. Biotechnology and Development Monitor 42: 24. (also available at www.biotech-monitor.nl/4210.htm).

Bechtold, G. 2001. Anthrohumox in Brazilian lowland: summary of thesis. University of Bayreuth/Munchen, Germany (available at www.geocities.com/gbechtold/gbtp1.html).

Beck, T. 1991. Vergleichende Bodenuntersuchung von konventionell und alternativ bewirtschafteten Betriebsschlägen - 2. Mitteilungen.II. Bodenmikrobiologische Untersuchungen. Landwirtschaftliches Jahrbuch 68 (4): 416-423.

Beets, W.C. 1982. Multiple cropping and tropical farming systems. Boulder, Westview Press.

Beets, W.C. 1990. Raising and sustaining productivity of smallholders farming systems in the Tropics. Holland, AgBe Publishing.

Bergleiter, S. 2001a. Organic products as high quality niche products: background and prospects for organic freshwater aquaculture in Europe. Paper presented at the ad hoc EIFAC/EU Working Party on Market Perspectives for European Freshwater Aquaculture, Brussels (Belgium), 12-14 May 2001 (In Press).

Bergleiter, S. 2001b. Camaron organico - organic production of shrimp in Ecuador. Ecology and Farming 27: 22-23.

Bergleiter, S. 2002. Organic shrimp: IFOAM consultation in Thailand. The Organic Standard 9: 11-14.

Black, K.D. ed. 2001. Environmental Impacts of Aquaculture. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press.

Blake, F. 2001. The decision to develop aquaculture standards or not? The Organic Standard, 3: 12-13.

Bockisch, F.J. ed. 2000. Bewertung von Verfahren der ökologischen und konventionellen Produktion im Hinblick auf den Energieeinsatz und bestimmte Schadgasemissionen Landbauforschung Völkenrode, Sonderheft 211. Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Braunschweig.

Borlaug, N. 1994a. Agricultural research for sustainable development. Testimony before US House of Representatives Committee on Agriculture, March 1, 1994.

Borlaug, N. 1994b. Chemical fertilizer `essential'. Letter to International Agricultural Development (Nov-Dec), p23.

Brae, L., Nohr, H. & Petersen, B.S. 1998. Fuglefaunen pa konventionelle og okologiske landburg. Miljoprojekt 102, Miljoministeriet, Miljostyresen, København, Denmark. In Soil Association. 2000. The biodiversity benefits of organic farming. Bristol.

Brister, D.J. & Kapuscinski, A. 2001a. Global rise of aquaculture: A trigger for organic and eco-labelling standards for aquatic animals. The Organic Standard 3: 7-11.

Brister, D.J. & Kapuscinski, A., eds. 2001b. Final report of the National Organic Aquaculture Workshop, June 23-24, 2000. Institute for Social Economic and Ecological Sustainability, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA (available at www.fw.umn.edu/isees).

Brister, D.J. & Kapuscinski, A.R. 2001c. Environmental Assessment Tool for Cage Aquaculture in the Great Lakes, Version 1.2. Prepared for the Great Lakes Fishery Commission by the University of Minnesota Institute for Social, Economic and Ecological Sustainability. St. Paul, Minnesota (available at www.glfc.org).

British Trust for Ornithology. 1995. The effects of organic farming regimes on breeding and winter bird populations: Part 1. Summary Report and Conclusions. BTO Research report, No. 154. Thetford, UK, BTO.

Brower, F. & Ervin, D. eds. 2002. Public concerns, environmental standards and agricultural trade. Wallingford, UK, CABI Publishing.

Brower, F., Dwyer, J. & Baldock, D. 2002. European Union. In F. Brower, & D. Ervin eds. Public concerns, environmental standards and agricultural trade. Wallingford, UK, CABI Publishing.

Brummet, R. 2000. Integrated aquaculture in Sub-Saharan Africa. Environment Development and Sustainability 1 (3-4): 315-321.

Buckles, D., Triomphe B. & Sain G. 1998. Cover crops in hillside agriculture: farmer innovation with Mucuna. Ottowa, Canada, International Development Research Centre.

Bugg, R.L. & Hoenisch, R.W. 2000. Cover Cropping in California Vineyards: Part of a Biologically Integrated Farming System. In H. Willer & U. Meier eds. Proceedings 6th International Congress on Organic Viticulture - 25-26 August 2000 Convention Center Basel. Stiftung Ökologie & Landbau, Bad Dürkheim SÖL-Sonderausgabe No. 77, (available at www.soel.de/inhalte/publikationen/s_77.pdf).

Bunch, R & López, G. 1996. Soil recuperation in Central America: sustaining innovation after intervention. Gatekeeper Series SA 55, London, Sustainable Agriculture Programme, International Institute for Environment and Development.

Bunch, R. 2000. More productivity with fewer external inputs. Environment Development and Sustainability 1 (3-4): 219-233.

Burdick, B. 1994. Klimaänderung und Landbau - Die Agrarwirtschaft als Täter und Opfer. Ökologische Konzepte, Vol. 85, Bad Dürkheim.

Burn, A.J. 1989. Long-term effects of pesticides on natural enemies of cereal crops pests. In P.C. Jepson, ed. Pesticides and Non-target Invertebrates, Andover, Intercept, pp. 177-193.

Burress, D., Harris, B. & Osland, P. 2000. Kaw Valley demands for local and organic produce: surveys and models. In T. Alföldi, W. Lockeretz, & U. Niggli, eds. IFOAM 2000 - The World Grows Organic: Proceedings 13th International IFOAM scientific conference. Zürich, Vdf Hochschulverlag. pp. 537-40.

Busemann, C. & Heusinger, E. 1999. Ernährungssicherung durch ökologischen Landbau? Ökologie und Landbau 110: 28-31.

Carson, R. 1963. Silent Spring. Harmondsworth, UK, Penguin Books.

CDWS. 1999. Community Welfare and Development Society in 1999: Annual report. Kathmandu.

Cederberg, C. & Mattsson, B. 1998. Life cycle assessment of Swedish milk production: a comparison of conventional and organic farming. In D. Ceuterick, ed. Proceedings of the international conference on life cycle assessment in agriculture, agro-industry and forestry, 3-4 December, Brussels, Belgium.

Christensen, D.K., Jacobsen, E.M. & Nohr, H. 1996. A comparative study of bird faunas in conventionally and organically farmed areas. Dansk. Orn. Foren. Tidsskr 90: 21-28.

Ciani, A. & Boggia, A. 1993. Agricoltura biologica e qualita. In R. Zanoli, ed. I numeri del biologico, Ancona, 1: 26.

Ciani, A. 1995. Situazione attuale e prospettive della vitivinicoltura di qualità e a basso input. Agricoltura biologica in Italia, aspetti tecnici, economici e normativi 1: 49.

CIIFAD. 2002. Rice intensification. Cornel International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development. (available at http://ciifad.cornell.edu/sri/sriar.pdf).

Cole, C V, Duxbury, J, Freney, J, Heinemeyer, O. Minami, K. Mosier, A. Paustian, K. Rosenberg, N. Sampson, N. Sauerbeck, D & Zhao, Q. 1997. Global estimates of potential mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions by agriculture. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 49: 221-228.

Compagnoni, A. 2000. Organic agriculture and agroecology in regional parks. In S. Stolton, B. Geier, & J.A. McNeely, eds. The Relationship Between Nature Conservation, Biodiversity and Organic Agriculture, Proceedings of an International Workshop, Vignola, Italy, 1999. pp. 52-66. IFOAM, Tholey-Theley, Germany.

CONAMA. 2001. Agriculture Ministry Office and the National Environmental Commission, Chile. Draft plan published on www.organicts.com.

Conford, P. ed. 1988. The organic tradition: an anthology of writing on organic farming. Bideford, UK, Green Books.

Convention on Biological Diversity. 2002a. Decision V/6: The ecosystem approach (available at www.biodiv.org/decisions/default.asp?lg=0&m=cop-05&d=06).

Convention on Biological Diversity. 2002b. Decision III/11: Conservation and sustainable use of agricultural biological diversity. (available at www.biodiv.org/decisions/default.asp?lg=0&m=cop-03&d=11).

Conway, G. R & Pretty, J. N. 1991. Unwelcome harvest: agriculture and pollution. London, Earthscan.

Crabb, C. 1997. Sting in the tale for bees, New Scientist, 155(2095) 14.

Crosetti, D. 2001. Organic aquaculture. Proceedings of the International Conference `Where is aquaculture going in 2001 in south Europe? Verona (Italy), 26-27 April 2001 (In Press).

CWDS. 1999. Community Welfare and Development Society, 1999 Annual Report. Kathmandu.

Dabbert, S. 2001. Elements of a European Action Plan for organic farming. Organic. Presented at Food and Farming: Towards Partnership and Action in Europe. Copenhagen, Denmark, 10-11 May 2001. (available at www.organic-research.com/research/papers/theme7.htm).

Deneven, W.M. 1995. Prehistoric agricultural methods as models for sustainability. Advanced Plant Pathology, 11: 21-43.

Devavaram, J., Arunothayam, E., Prasad, R. & Pretty, J. 1999. Watershed and community development in Tamil Nadu, India. In F. Hinchcliffe, J. Thompson, J. Pretty, I. Guijt and P. Shah eds. Fertile Ground: The Impacts of Participatory Watershed Development. London, IT Publications.

Diez, T., Borchert, H. & Beck, T. 1985. Bodenphysikalsiche Auswirkungen abgestufter Intensitäten im Pflanzenbau auf Lebensgemeinschaften des Ackers, Bodenfruchtbarkeit und Ertrag. IV. Auswirkungen abgestufter Pflanzenbauintensitäten auf Bodenwerte und Nährstoffbilanzen, Landwirtschaftliches Jahrbuch, 68 (3): 354-161.

Diop, A. 2000. Sustainable agriculture: new paradigms and old practices? Increasing production with management of organic inputs in Senegal. Environment Development and Sustainability 1 (3-4): 285-296.

Doherty, S., Rydberg, T. & Salomonsson, L. 2000. Ecosystem properties and principles of living systems for sustainable agriculture. In T. Alföldi, W. Lockeretz, & U. Niggli, eds. IFOAM 2000 - The World Grows Organic: Proceedings 13th International IFOAM scientific conference, pp 152-155. Zürich Vdf Hochschulverlag.

Drinkwater, L.E., Wagoner, P. & Sarrantonio, M. 1998. Legume-based cropping systems have reduced carbon and nitrogen losses. Nature, 396: 262-264.

ECLAC/FAO. 1996. Peasant agriculture in Latin America, by E. Ortega. Joint ECLAC/FAO Agriculture Division, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Santiago.

Egulu, B.N. 1999. Poverty eradication through environmentally sustainable technologies phase one: evaluation using household interviews. June 1999.

Ekongot R. 2002. Evaluation report of the Iganga/Mayuge project: poverty eradication through environmentally sustainable technologies phase two. "Development Alternatives Uganda" Kampala. Uganda.

Elmholt, S. 1996. Microbial activity, fungal abundance and distribution of penicillium and fusarium as bioindicators of a temporal development of organically cultivated soils. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 13: 123-140.

European Environmental Agency. 2002. European Environmental Agency multilingual glossaries. EEA Glossary. (available at http://glossary.eea.eu.int/EEAGlossary/B/biodiversity).

FAO. 1996. El desarrollo de los sistemas de agricultura campesina en América Latina: un análisis de la influencia del contexto socioeconómico, by J.C. de Grandi. Serie FAO-Gestión de Sistemas de Explotación Agrícola No. 12 (FAO Series Farm Systems Management). Rome.

FAO. 1998. The state of the world's plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Rome.

FAO. 1999. Organic agriculture. Committee on Agriculture, 15th Session, 25-29 January 1999, COAG/99/9. (available at www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/X0075E.htm).

FAO. 2000a. Food safety and quality as affected by organic farming. 22nd FAO Regional Conference for Europe, Porto, Portugal, 24-28 July 2000, ERC/00/7 (available at www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/X4983E.htm).

FAO. 2000b. World watch list for domestic animal diversity. Rome.

FAO. 2001a. Protecting small farmers and the rural poor in the context of globalization, by M. Mazoyer. Rome.

FAO. 2001b. FAO Fisheries Department, Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Unit. Fishstat Plus: Universal software for fishery statistical time series. Version 2.30 (25.05.2001).

FAO. 2001c. FAOSTAT. FAO statistical database (available at http://apps.fao.org/default.htm).

FAO. 2002a. Proceedings of the consultation on agricultural commodity prices, 25-26 March 2002. Commodities and Trade Division.

FAO. 2002b. World agriculture towards 2015-2030, summary report. Rome, FAO.

FAO/CTA/ITC. 2002. World markets for organic fruit and vegetables: opportunities for developing countries in the production and export of organic horticultural products. Rome, International Trade Centre Technical; Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2001 (also available at www.fao.org/DOCREP/004/Y1669E/Y1669E00.HTM).

FAO/WHO Codex Aimentarius Commission. 2001. Guidelines for the production, processing, labelling and marketing of organically produced foods. CAC/GL 32-1999-Rev.1-2001, Rome. (also available at. ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/standard/booklets/Organics/gl01_32e.pdf).

Feber, R.E., Bell, J., Johnson, P.J., Firbank, L.G. & Macdonald, D.W. 1998. The effects of organic farming on surface-active spider (Araneae) assemblages in wheat in southern England, UK. The Journal of Arachnology, 26: 190-202.

Feber, R.E., Firbank, L.G., Johnson, P.J. & Macdonald D.W. 1997. The effects of organic farming on pest and non-pest butterfly abundance. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 64: 133-139.

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Coffee and Tea Authority. 1999. Ethiopia: cradle of the wonder bean Coffee arabica (abissinica). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Feed International. 1994. Feed World News: Organic salmon. Feed International, 15(4): 10-12.

FiBL. 2000. Organic farming enhances soil fertility and biodiversity: results from a 21 year field trial. FiBL Dossier 1 (August). Zurich, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL).

Fliessbach, A., Eyhorn, F., Mäder, P., Rentsch, D. & Hany, R. 2001. DOK long-term farming systems trial: microbial biomass, activity and diversity affect the decomposition of plant residues. In R. Rees, B. Ball, C. Campbell, & C. Watson eds. Sustainable Management of Organic Matter, pp. 363-369. London, CABI.

Flores-Escuerdo, P. 2000. Conservation of a forest sanctuary in Peru by implementing an organic agriculture and sustainable development programme for small farmers in the buffer zone. In T. Alföldi, W. Lockeretz, & U. Niggli, eds. IFOAM 2000 - The World Grows Organic: Proceedings 13th International IFOAM scientific conference. Zürich Vdf Hochschulverlag.

Francis, C.A. 1986. Multiple cropping systems. New York, MacMillan.

Freyer, B. 1997. Kennziffern der Nachhaltigkeit von 317 ackerbaubetonten Betrieben des biologischen Landbaus in der Schweiz, ausgewertet auf der Basis von Betriebskontrolldaten. In U. Köpke & J.A. Eisele eds. Beiträge zur 4. Wissenschaftstagung zum ökologischen Landbau, pp.103-106, Berlin.

Frieben, B. & Köpke, U. 1996. Effects of farming systems on biodiversity. In J. Isart, & J.J. Llerena eds. Biodiversity and Land Use: The role of Organic Farming. Proceedings of the First ENOF Workshop, 8-9 December 1995, Bonn.

Frieben, B. 1997. Arten und Biotopschutz durch Organischen Landbau. In H. Weiger & H. Willer, eds. Naturschutz durch ökologischen Landbau. Ökologische Konzepte 95: 73-92, D-Bad Dürkheim.

Funes, F. 1998. Cuban agricultural alternatives: an overview of Cuba's experience in organic agriculture (unpublished).

Funes, F. 2001. Cuba and sustainable agriculture. Paper presented to St James's Palace conference Reducing Poverty with Sustainable Agriculture, 15th January.

GAA. 2000. Global Aquaculture Alliance Position statement on USDA organic standards for aquaculture. The Advocate, 3(3): 6-7.

GEF. 2002. Promotion of biodiversity conservation within coffee landscapes. Medium-sized project brief (available at: www.gefweb.org/operport/msp/elsalva.doc).

Geier, U., Frieben, B., Gutsche, V. & Köpke, U. 2001. Ökobilanz des Apfelerzeugung in Hamburg: Vergleich integrierter und ökologischer Bewirtschaftung. Schriftenreihe Institut für Organischen Landbau, Verlag Dr. Köster, Berlin, S. 130.

Gladwin, C. & Truman, K. 1989. Food and farm: current debates and policies. Lantham, MD, USA, University Press of America.

Greene, C. 2001. U.S. organic farming emerges in the 1990s: adoption of certified systems. Agricultural Information Bulletin No. 770, Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Washington.

Greenland, D.J. 1997. The sustainability of rice farming. Wallingford, UK, CAB International.

Greenpeace. 2001. Recipes against hunger: success stories for the future of agriculture. Amsterdam, Greenpeace International.

Haas, G. & Köpke, U. 1994a. Vergleich der Klimarelevanz ökologischer und konventioneller Landbewirtschaftung. Studie (H) im Auftrag der Enquetekomission des Deutschen Bundestages Schutz der Erdatmosphäre. Karlsruhe, Economica Verlag.

Haas, G. & Köpke, U. 1994b. Vergleich der Klimarelevanz ökologischer und konventioneller Landbewirtschaftung. In Enquète-Kommission Schutz der Erdatmosphäre des Deutschen Bundestages ed. Schutz der Grünen Erde Klimaschutz durch umeltgerechte Landwirtschaft und Erhalt der Wälder pp. 92-196. Bonn, Economica Verlag.

Haas, G., Geier, U., Schulz, D.G. & Köpke, U. 1995. Klimarelevanz des Agrarsektors der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Reduzierung der Emission von Kohlendioxid. Berichte über Landwirtschaft, 73: 387-400.

Haas, G., Wetterich, F. & Köpke, U. 2001. Comparing intensive, extensified and organic grassland farming in southern Germany by process life cycle assessment. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 83(1-2): 43-53.

Hald, B. (1999) Weed vegetation (wild flora) of long established organic versus conventional cereal fields in Denmark. Annals of Applied Biology 134: 307-314.

Hamm, U., Gronefeld, F. & Halpin, D. 2002. Analysis of the European market for organic food: summary. Aberystwyth, Wales, School of Management and Business, University of Wales Aberystwyth.

Haring, A., Dabbert, S., Offerman, F. & Nieberg, H. 2001. Benefits of organic farming to society. In Danish ministry of Food and Fisheries. Organic food and farming: towards partnership and action in Europe. Proceedings, 10-11 May 2001. pp80.

Harrop, J.F. & Ollier, C.D. 1959. The soils of the eastern province of Uganda: a reconnaissance study. Memoirs of the Research Division, Department of Agriculture.

Harwood, R.R. 1979. Small farm development: understanding and improving farming systems in the humid tropics. Boulder, USA, Westview Press.

Hausheer, J., Rogger, C., Schaffner, D., Keller, L., Freyer, B., Mulhauser, G., Hilfiker, J. & Zimmermann, A. 1998. Ökologische und produktionstechnische Entwicklung landwirtschaftlicher Pilotbetriebe 1991 bis 1996. Schlussbericht der Nationalen Projektgruppe Öko-Pilotbetriebe. Nationale Projektgruppe Öko-Pilotbetriebe und FAT; Tänikon.

Hecht, S.B. l984. Indigenous soil management in the Amazon Basin: some implications for development. In J.O. Browder, ed. Fragile lands of Latin America, pp. 166-181. Boulder, USA, Westview Press.

Hilbrands, A. 2001. Quality, traceability and labelling in aquaculture - a must to become a preferred supplier? Paper presented at the ad hoc EIFAC/EU Working Party on Market Perspectives for European Freshwater Aquaculture, Brussels, Belgium, 12-14 May 2001 (In Press).

Hinchcliffe, F., Thompson, J., Pretty J., Guijt, I. & Shah, P. (eds). 1999. Fertile ground: the impacts of participatory watershed development. London, IT Publications.

Holmbeck, P. 2001. The Action Plans in Denmark, lessons for the European Action Plan. Presented at Food and Farming: Towards Partnership and Action in Europe ,Copenhagen, Denmark, 10-11 May 2001. (available at www.organic-research.com/research/papers/theme7.htm).

Holt-Giménez, E. 2001. Measuring farms agroecological resistance to Hurricane Mitch. LEISA 17: 18-20.

Holt-Giménez, E. 2002. Measuring farmers' agroecological resistance after Hurricane Mitch in Nicaragua: a case study in participatory, sustainable land management impact monitoring. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (In Press).

Ibáñez, C. 1999. Integrated management in the SPA of the Ebro Delta: implications of rice cultivation for birds. Twenty years with the EC Birds Directive: Proceedings from a conference on the Council Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds. Elsinore, Denmark, 18-19 November 1999.

IFOAM. 2000. International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements basic standards for organic production and processing. IFOAM, Tholey-Theley, Germany (available at: www.ifoam.org/standard/index_neu.html).

IFOAM. 2002a. International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements 2nd draft 2002 Basic Standards for Organic Production and Processing (available at www.ifoam.org/standard/ibs_draft2_2002_b.html).

IFOAM. 2002b. Genetic engineering versus organic farming. The fact and the fiction.

IFOAM/FAO/UNCTAD. 2002. Report of the conference on international harmonization and equivalence in organic agriculture. Nuremberg, Germany, 18-19 February 2002.

India Organic. 2002. see www.indiaorganic.inf/ (July 2002).

Institute for Food and Development Policy. 1999. Cultivating Havana: urban agriculture and food security in the years of crisis, by C. Murphy (available at www.foodfirst.org/cuba/news/1999/murphy.html).

IPCC. 2001. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Revised guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. Paris, France OECD.

ITC/KIOF. 1998. On-farm agro-economic comparison of organic and conventional techniques in high and medium potential areas. Leusden, Netherlands/Nairobi, Kenya, ITC-Netherlands and Kenya Institute of Organic Farming.

ITC of UNCTAD/WTO. 1999. Organic food and beverages: world supply and major European markets. Geneva, International Trade Centre.

ITC of UNCTAD/WTO. 2002. The United States market for organic food and beverages by R. Kortbech-Olesen. Geneva, International Trade Centre.

IUCN. 2000. 2000 IUCN Red List of threatened species, Gland, Switzerland, IUCN (available at: www.redlist.org).

Jimenez-Osornio, J. & del Amo, S. 1986. An intensive Mexican traditional agroecosystem: the chinampa. Proc. 6th International Scientific Conference IFOAM, Santa Cruz.

JPP. 1997-01. Grihasthashram newsletter. Jajarkot Permaculture Programme, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Institute for Prospective Studies. 2002. Scenarios for Co-existence of Genetically Modified, Conventional and Organnic Crops in European Agriculture. (available at www.jrc.cec.int/download/GMCrops_coexistence.pdf).

Kabourakis, E. 1996. Prototyping and dissemination of ecological olive production systems: a methodology for designing and a first step towards validation and dissemination of prototype ecological olive production systems (EOPS) in Crete. Netherlands, Landbouw University Wageningen.

Kalden, C. 2001. An organic market to conquer - Experience with a pull-oriented National Action Plan. Presented at Food and Farming: Towards Partnership and Action in Europe. Copenhagen, Denmark, 10-11 May 2001. (available at www.organic-research.com/research/papers/theme7.htm).

Kanjanga, J.J. 2002. Malawi: the problems and LOMADEF, an encouraging example of a solution. Ecology and Farming. 29: 23-24.

Keleher, S. 1996. Guano: bats' gift to gardeners. Bats. 14(1) (available at www.batcon.org/batsmag/v14n1-7.html)

Kennel, W. 1990. The role of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris in integrated fruit production. Acta Horticulturae, 285: 149-156.

Khan, Z.R., Pickett, J.A., van den Berg, J. & Woodcock, C.M. 2000. Exploiting chemical ecology and species diversity: stem borer and striga control for maize in Africa. Pest Management Science 56 (1), 1-6.

Kilcher, L. 2001. Organic agriculture in Cuba: the revolution goes green. Journal of Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics, 102(2): 185-189.

Kirschenmann, F. 2001. Philosophy underlying certification of wild harvested products, p. 18-23. In D.J. Brister & A. Kapuscinski, eds. Final report of the National Organic Aquaculture Workshop, June 23-24, 2000. St. Paul, USA, Institute for Social Economic and Ecological Sustainability, University of Minnesota.

Kristensen, N.H. & Nielsen, T. 1997. From alternative agriculture to the food industry: the need for changes in food policy. In IPTS report special issue: Food. Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, in cooperation with the European S&T Observatory Network, no. 20. December 1997.

Köpke, U. 1999. Welchen Beitrag kann der Ökologische Landbau für eine Landbewirtschaftung der Zukunft leisten? Öffentliches Hearing der Bundestagsfraktion von Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen am 19.5.1999 in Bonn. Eigenverlag des Instituts für Organischen Landbau, Bonn 1999.

Kortbech-Olesen, R. 2002, Market situation In M. Yussefi & H. Willer eds. Organic agriculture worldwide: statistics and future prospects. Foundation Ecology and Agriculture (SOL) in collaboration with the International Federation for Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM). (available at www.soel.de/oekolandbau/statistik_europa.html).

Kovaleski, S.F. 1999. Cuba goes green: government run vegetable gardens sprout in cities across island (available at www.cityfarmer.org/CubaGreen.html).

Kula, H. & Kokta, C. 1992. Side effects of selected pesticides on earthworms under laboratory and field conditions. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 24: 1711-1714.

Kus, J. & Stalenga, J. 2000. Comparison of economic and energy efficiency in ecological and conventional crop production system. In T. Alföldi, W. Lockeretz, & U. Niggli, eds. IFOAM 2000 - The World Grows Organic: Proceedings 13th International IFOAM scientific conference. Zürich, Vdf Hochschulverlag.

Kuyvenhoven, A., Ruden, R. & Krusemon, G. 1998. Technology, market policies and institutional reform for sustainable land use in southern Mali. Agricultural Economics, 19: 53-62.

Lamarche, H. l993. A agricultura familiar. Campinas, Brasil UNICAMP.

Lampkin, N. 1990. Organic farming. Ipswich, UK, Farming Press.

Lampkin, N. 1997. Organic livestock production and agricultural sustainability. In: Resource use in Organic farming. Proceedings of the third ENOF workshop, Ancona 5-6 June 1997. pp321-330.

Lampkin, N. & Padel, S. 1994. The economics of organic agriculture: an international perspective. Wallingford, UK, CAB International.

Lampkin, N., Foster, C., Padel, S. & Midmore, P. 1999. The policy and regulatory environment for organic farming in Europe. Organic farming in Europe: economics and policy Vol. 1, Stuttgart, University of Hohenheim.

Leetma, S. 2001. Effects of eliminating EU export subsidies In US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Policy Reform in the WTO, Economic Research Service, Agricultural Economic Report Number 802, Washington, pp. 82-90.

Letourneau, D.K, & Goldstein, B. 2001. Pest damage and arthropod community structure in organic vs. conventional tomato production in California. Journal of Applied Ecology, 38 (3): 557-570.

Li, Zhenghang. 2002. Certified organic food development and export prospects: a China perspective (available at www.nies.org/internet/wendang/diyijuan4/112.htm).

Lipson, M. 1997. Searching for the O-world: Analyzing the USAD Current Research Information System of Pertinence to Organic Agriculture. Organic Farming Research Foundation, Santa Cruz, California, USA.

Lockie, S., Mummery, K., Lyons, K. and Lawrence, G. 2001. Who buys organics, who doesn't, and why? Inaugural OFA National Organics Conference 2001, Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Canberra, pp. 61-65.

Lofs-Holmin, A. 1980. Measuring growth of earthworm as a method of testing sublethal toxicity of pesticides. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research, 10: 25-33.

Lohr, L. 2001. The importance of the Conservation Security Act to US competitiveness in global organic markets, Faculty Series 01-19, Dept. of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia.

Loiselle, M. 2002. The Saskatchewan Organic Farmers Launch a Class Action Suit. Ecology and Farming no. 30, May-August 2002, IFOAM.

Lopata, J. 2002. Ecological tourism to organic farms as a tool to help small farmers make a sometimes difficult transition from conventional agriculture to ecological agriculture (available at Horizon Solutions Site, www.solutions-site.org/cat11_sol63.htm).

Lotter, D. 2003. Organic agriculture: a review. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture (In press).

Luff, M.L. 1983. The potential of predators for pest control. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 10: 159-181.

Macey, A. 2002. The Development of Organic Agriculture in Canada. Ecology and Farming, no. 30, July 2002.

Mäder, P., Edenhofer, S., Boller,T., Wiemken, A. & Niggli, U. 2000. Arbuscular mycorrhizae in a long-term field trial comparing low-input (organic, biological) and high-input (conventional) farming systems in a crop rotation. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 31: 150-156.

Mansvelt, J.D. & Van der Lubbe, M.J. eds. 1999. Checklist for sustainable landscape management. Final report of the EU concerted action AIR3-CT93-1210: The Landscape and Nature Production Capacity of Organic/Sustainable Types of Agriculture. Amsterdam, Elsevier.

Mattsson, E. & Kvarnbäch, O. 2000. A Swedish project for co-operation between nature conservation and organic agriculture organisations. In S. Stolton, B. Geier, & J.A. McNeely, eds. The Relationship Between Nature Conservation, Biodiversity and Organic Agriculture, Proceedings of an International Workshop, Vignola, Italy. pp. 52-66 Tholey-Theley, Germany, IFOAM.

May, C. 2001. New Zealand and the organic market, Inaugural OFA National Organics Conference 2001, Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Canberra, pp. 109-110.

McCann, J.M. 2001. Terra Preta and Terra Mulata in Tapajônia: a subsidy from culture. Paper presented to the Terra Preta Symposium, June 13-14 Benicassim, Spain (abstract available at www.geo.uni-bayreuth.de/bodenkunde/terra_preta/McCann_abstract.html).

McNeely, J.A. & Scherr, S.J. 2001a. Future Harvest. Gland, IUCN.

McNeely, J.A. & Scherr, S.J. 2001b. Common ground, common future: how ecoagriculture can help feed the world and save wild biodiversity. Geneva, IUCN and Future Harvest.

Merican, Z. 2001. Europe's niche market in organic aquafeed production. Aquafeed International, 4(3): 18-21.

Michelsen, J., Hamm, U., Wynen, E. and Roth, E. 1999. The European market for organic products: growth and development, Organic Farming in Europe: Economics and Policy 7, Stuttgart, University of Hohenheim.

Miller, K., Chang, E. & Johnson, N. 2001. Defining common ground for the MesoAmerican biological corridor, World Resources Institute, Washington DC, USA. (available at www.wri.org/pdf/mesoamerica_english.pdf).

Millison, B. 1990. Permaculture: a designers' manual. Hyderabad, India, The Decan Development Society and Permaculture India.

Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) 1992. Report on Uganda national census of agriculture and livestock 1990-1991. Vol. III: Crop area, yield and production. Kampala, Uganda.

Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) 1993. Report on Uganda national. Census of agriculture and livestock 1990-1991. Vol. IV: Livestock characteristics: Production. Kampala, Uganda.

Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MFEP) 1991. Population and Housing Census. Kampala, Uganda.

Ministry of Finance Planning and Economic Development (MFPED) & Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) 2000. Plan for modernization of agriculture: eradicating poverty in Uganda. Government Strategy and Operational Framework. Kampala, Uganda.

Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries 1999. Action plan II: developments in organic farming. (available at www.dffe.dk/publikationer/actionplan-ii-uk/ACTINDEX.HTM#13).

Montenegro, L. 2002. Argentina Organica. Organic Meat Workshop, FAO, Rome, 28 August 2002.

Morley, E. 2001. Conference speech in Danish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Organic Food and Farming: Towards Partnership and Action in Europe, Proceedings 10-11 May.

Murphy, B. 1999. Cultivating Havana: urban agriculture and food security in Cuba. Food First Development Report 12. California, Food First.

Myers, D. & Stolton, S. 1999. Organic cotton. IT Publications, London.

Nabhan, G.P. 1998. Pollinator Redbook. Volume One. Global List of threatened vertebrate wildlife species serving as pollinators for crops and wild plants (available at www.desertmuseum.org/conservation/fp/redbook.html).

Nair, P.K.R. 1984. Soil productivity aspects of agroforestry. Nairobi, ICRAF.

National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) 1999a. District state of the environment report: Iganga. Kampala, Uganda.

National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) 1999b. District environment profile:Iganga. Kampala, Uganda.

Naturland. 2002. Aquaculture (available at www.naturland.de/englisch/n4/seite4_5.html).

Niederbudde, E.A. & Flessa, H. 1989. Struktur, mikrobieller Stoffwechsel und potentiell mineralisierbare Stickstoffvorräte in ökologisch und konventionell bewirtschafteten Tonböden, J. Agronomy and Crop Science, 162: 333-341.

Nimon R. W. & Smith, M. E. 2001. Environmental issues in a trade context. In US Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Policy Reform in the WTO: the Road Ahead Agricultural Economic Report No. 802, Economics Research Service, Washington.

Norse, D., Li, J. & Zhang, Z. 2000. Environmental costs of rice production in China: lessons from Hunan and Hubei. Bethesda, Aileen Press.

Nyffeler, M. & Benz, G. 1987. Spiders in natural pest control: A review. Journal of Applied Entomology, 103: 321-339.

Oberson, A., Oehl, F., Langmeier, M, Fliessbach, A., Dubois, D., Mäder, P., Besson J-M. & Frossard, E. 2000. Can increased microbial activity help to sustain phosphorous availability? In T. Alföldi, W. Lockeretz, & U. Niggli, eds. IFOAM 2000 - The World Grows Organic: Proceedings 13th International IFOAM scientific conference. Zürich Vdf Hochschulverlag.

OECD. 2001. Environmental indicators for agriculture. Methods and results. Volume 3. Paris, Organisation of economic Co-operation and Development (available at www.biodiv.org/doc/reports/agro-oecd-chap-vi-en.pdf).

Offermann, F. & Nieberg, H. 1999. Economic performance of organic farms in Europe. Organic Farming in Europe: Economics and Policy 5. Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Auflage.

Office of Technology Assessment. 1998. Enhancing agriculture in Africa: a role for US development assistance. Washington, D.C., OTA-F-356, US Government Printing Office.

Onduru, D.D., Gachini, G.N., de Jager, A. & Diop, J.M. 1999. Participatory research on compost and liquid manure in Kenya. Managing Africa's Soils No. 3. UK IIED.

Organic Centre Wales. 2002. Organic farming statistics (available at www.organic.aber.ac.uk/index.shtml).

Organic Standard. 2002. Issue 15 July 2002. Grolink AB (available at www.organicstandard.com).

OPPAZ-ASNAPP. 2002. Proposal for economic development in rural areas through organic farming, natural products and marketing. FAO-discussion paper (unpublished).

Östmann, Ö., Ekbom, B. & Bengtsson, J. 2001. Landscape heterogeneity and farming practice influence biological control. Basic Applied Ecology, 2: 365-371.

Oxfam America. 2001. Cuba going against the grain: agricultural crisis and transformation, by Sinclair, M. & Thompson, M. (available at www.oxfamamerica.org/publications/art1164.html).

Parrott, N. & Marsden, T. 2002. The real green revolution: organic and agroecological farming in the south. London, Greenpeace Environmental Trust.

Petersen, P. Tardin, J.M. & Marochi, F. 1999. Participatory development of non-tillage systems without herbicides for family farming: the experience of centre-south region of Paraná. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1: 235-252.

Pfiffner, L. 1997. Welchen Beitrag leistet der ökologische Landbau zur Förderung der Kleintierfauna. In:H. Weiger & H. Willer eds. Naturschutz durch ökologischen Landbau. Ökologische Konzepte 95. Bad Dürkheim, Germany.

Pfiffner, L. & Luka, H. 2000. Overwintering of arthropods in soils of arable fields and adjacent seminatural habitats. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 78(3): 215-222.

Pfiffner, L. & Luka, H. 2002. Effects of low-input farming systems on carabids and epigeal spiders in cereal crops: a paired farm approach in NW-Switzerland. Basic and Applied Ecology (In Press).

Pfiffner, L. & Mäder, P. 1997. Effects of biodynamic, organic, and conventional production systems on earthworm populations. Entomological research in organic agriculture. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 15: 3-10.

Pfiffner, L. & Niggli, U. 1996. Effects of bio-dynamic, organic and conventional farming on ground beetles (Col. Carabidae) and other epigaeic arthropods in winter wheat. In: Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 12: 353-364.

Pfiffner, L., Häring, A., Dabbert, S., Stolze, M. & Piorr, A. 2001. Contributions of organic farming to a sustainable environment. In Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries European Conference: Organic Food and Farming - Towards Partnership and Action in Europe, 10-11 May 2001, Copenhagen. (available at www.fvm.dk/kundeupload/konferencer/organic_food_farming/proceedings.pdf).

Pickett, J. A. 1999. Pest control that helps control weeds at the same time. BBSRC Business, April (available at: http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/news/features/99apr/99_04_pest.html).

Pimentel, D., Acquay, H., Biltonen, M., Rice, P., Silva, M., Nelson, J., Lipner, V., Giordano, S., Horowitz, A. & D'Amore, M. 1993. Assessment of environmental and economic impacts of pesticide use. In D. Pimentel & H. Lehman eds. The Pesticide Question: Environment, Economic and Ethics, New York, Chapman and Hall, pp. 47-84.

Pimentel, D., Harvey, C., Resosudarmo, P., Sinclair, K., Kunz, D., McNair, M., Crist, S., Shpritz, L., Fitton, L., Saffouri, R. & Blair, R. 1995. Environmental and economic costs of soil erosion and conservation benefits. Science 267: 1117-1123.

Pingali, P.L. & Roger, P.A. 1995. Impact of pesticides on farmers' health and the rice environment. Kluwer Academic Press.

Pirzio-Biroli, C. 2001. Conference speech in Danish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Organic food and farming: towards partnership and action in Europe, Proceedings 10-11 May.

Pontius, J., Dits, R. & Bartlett, A. (eds.) 2001. From farmer field schools to community IPM: ten years of IPM training in Asia (available at www.communityipm.org/docs/10%20Years%20of%20IPM/10Years-Main.htm).

Prescott-Allen, R. & Prescott-Allen, C. 1990. How many plants feed the world? Conservation Biology 4(4): 365-374.

Pretty, J.N. 1995. Regenerating agriculture: policies and practice for sustainability and self-reliance. London, Earthscan Publications, Washington DC, National Academy Press, Bangalore, ActionAid.

Pretty, J.N. & Hine, R. 2000. Feeding the world with sustainable agriculture: a summary of new evidence. Final report from "SAFE-World" Research Project. Colchester, England University of Essex.

Pretty, J.N. & Hine, R. 2001. Reducing food poverty with sustainable agriculture: a summary of new evidence. Final Report from the SAFE-World Research Project, Feb 2001. Colchester: University of Essex.

Pretty, J.N. & Ward, H. 2001. Social capital and the environment. World Development 29 (2): 209-227.

Pretty, J.N., Brett, C., Gee, D., Hine, R., Mason, C., Morison, J., Rayment, M., van der Bijl, G. & Dobbs, T. 2001. Policy challenges and priorities for internalising the externalities of modern agriculture. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 44 (2), 263-283.

Pretty, J.N., Brett, C., Gee, D., Hine, R., Mason, C.F., Morison, J.I.L., Raven, H., Rayment, M. & van der Bijl, G. 2000. An assessment of the total external costs of UK agriculture. Agricultural Systems 65 (2): 113-136.

Pretty, J.N., Morison, J.I.L. & Hine, R.E. 2002. Reducing food poverty by increasing agricultural sustainability in developing countries. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (In Press).

Pryor, A.W. 2000. Organic certified products as a basis for sustainable management of biological reserves: "Case study of Guayaki biological reserve in Paraguay". In T. Alfoeldi, W. Lockeretz, & U. Niggli, eds. IFOAM 2000: The World Grows Organic. Proceedings 13th IFOAM Scientific Conference. Zurich.

Quist, D.& Chapela I.H. 2001. Transgenic DNA introgressed into traditional maize landraces in Oxaca, Mexico. Nature 414: 541-542.

Redman M. 1996. Industrial agriculture: counting the costs. Bristol, UK, Soil Association.

Reganold, J., Elliott, L. & Unger, Y. 1987. Long-term effects of organic and conventional farming on soil erosion. Nature, 330: 370-372.

Reganold, J., Glover, J., Andrews, P. & Hinman, H. 2001. Sustainability of three apple production systems. Nature, 410: 926-929.

Reilly, J., Baethgen, W., Chege, F.E., van de Geijn, S.C., Erda, L., Iglesias, A., Kenny, G.J., Patterson, D., Rogasik, J., Rotter, R., Rosenzweig, C., Sombroek, W., & Westbrook, J. 1996. Agriculture in a changing climate: impacts and adaptation. In R.T. Watson, M.C. Zinyowera, & R.H. Moss, eds. Climate change 1995: impacts, adaptations and mitigation of climate change: scientific-technical analysis. Cambridge, UK, University Press, Cambridge, p 427-467.

Reitmayr, T. 1995. Entwicklungen eines rechnergestützten Kennzahlensystems zur ökonomischen und ökologischen Beurteilung von agrarischen Bewirtschaftungsformen - dargestellt an einem Beispiel. Agrarwirtschaft Sonderheft 147.

Rhône-Poulenc. 1997. Rhône-Poulenc agriculture: farm management study. 7th Annual Report. Ongar. Rhône-Poulenc.

Rice, R. and Ward, J. 1996. Coffee, conservation and commerce in the Western Hemisphere. Washington DC, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Centre and Natural Resources Defence Council (available at www.nrdc.org/health/farming/ccc/cptinx.asp).

Riera, X., Curcó A. & Ibáñez C. 1998. L'efecte de tres mètodes de gestió agrícoa sobre l'estructura de a comunitat d'ocells en arrossars del delta de l'Ebre. Bull. Parc Natural Delta De L'Ebre 10: 4-9, 1997-1998.

Ríos, H. 1999. Selección de cultivares de caabaza (Cucurbuta moschata. Duch. Ex Lam.) para condiciones de bajos insumos. Universidad Agraria de La Habana, (PhD thesis).

Ríos, H. 2002. Conceptual changes in Cuban plant breeding in response to a national socioeconomic crisis: the example of pumpkins. In D.A. Cleveland & D. Soleri, eds. Farmers, scientists and plant breeding: integrating knowledge and practice. London, CAB International.

Röling, N.G. & Wagemakers, M.A.E. (eds). 1997. Facilitating sustainable agriculture. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Rösler, S. & Weins, C. 1997. Situation der Vogelwelt in der Agrarlandschaft und der Einfluß des ökologischen Landbaus auf ihre Bestände. In H. Weiger & H. Willer Naturschutz durch ökologischen Landbau. Ökologische Konzepte 95. Stiftung Ökologie und Landbau. Bad Dürkheim, Germany.

Rosset, P. 1997. Alternative agriculture and crisis in Cuba IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 16(2): 19-26.

Ruddell, E. 1995. Growing food for thought: A new model of site-specific research from Bolivia Grassroots Development, 19(1): 18-26.

Rydberg, N.T. & Milberg, P. 2000. A survey of weeds in organic farming in Sweden. Biological Agriculture and Horticulure, 18: 175-185.

SAFE, 2001. Questionnaire for University of Essex, SAFE Research Database.

Sanders, W.T. 1957. Tierra y agua: a study of the ecological factors in the development of Meso-American civilizations. Harvard University, Harvard. (Ph.D thesis).

Sauerbeck, D. 2001. CO2-Emissionen und Kohlenstoffsenken im Landbau - Möglichkeiten und Grenzen ihrer Beeinflussung -. In Rosenkranz, D, Bachmann, G, König, W and Einsele, G eds. Bodenschutz Vol. 2, Kapitel 4130, 31 S. Berlin, Verlag Erich Schmidt.

Schoenmakers, M. 2002. Smallholder group certification: proceedings of the second workshop. Ecology and Farming 30: 25-26.

Schulze Pals, L. 1994. Ökonomische Analyse der Umstellung auf ökologischen Landbau. Schriftenreihe des BMELF, Reihe A, Angewandte Wissenschaft, Heft 436, Münster.

SEO/Birdlife 1999. Mejora de la gestión del hábitat en la ZEPA del Deta del Ebro, Cataluña, España. Proyecto LIFE 96 NAT/E/3133.

Smith, P., Powlson, D.S., Glendining, M. J. & Smith, J.U. 1997. Potential for carbon sequestration in European soils: Preliminary estimates for five scenarios using results from long-term experiments. Global Change Biology, 3: 67-79.

Smith, S. & Read, D. 1997. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. London, Academic Press.

Smithsonian Migratory Bird Centre 1994. Why migratory birds are crazy for coffee. Migrants and coffee: what's the connection? Fact sheet no. 1. (available at www.nationalzoo.si.edu/smbc/Products/Factsheets/fxsht1.pdf).

Socorro Castro, A.R. 2001. Cienfuegos, the captial of urban agriculture in Cuba. (available at www.cityfarmer.org/cubacastro.html).

Soil Association. 2000. The biodiversity benefits of organic farming. Bristol, Soil Association.

Soil Association. 2001. Fish farming and organic standards (available at www.soilassociation.org/sa/saweb.nsf/librarytitles/Animal_Welfare11022000).

Soil Association. 2002. Seeds of doubt: experiences of North America farmers of genetically modified crops. (available through www.soilassociation.org).

Southern African Centre for Cooperation and Agricultural Research. 1999. Southern African Centre for Cooperation and Agricultural Research (SACCAR) Newsletter. No. 45: 10.

Southwood, R.E. & Way M.J. 1970. Ecological background to pest management. In R.C. Rabb & F.E. Guthrie eds. Concepts of Pest Management. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, pp. 6-29.

Spears, T. 2001. Superweeds invade farm fields: canola plants are almost pesticide-proof, experts say. The Ottawa Citizen, 6. February 2001 (available at www.gene.ch/genet/2001/Feb/msg00027.html).

Staniford, D. 2001. Organically farmed salmon is an oxymoron. The Organic Standard 3: 14.

Steinborn, H. & Heydemann, B. 1990. Indikatoren und Kriterien zur Beurteilung der ökologischen Qualität von Agrarflächen am Beispiel der Carabidae Laufkäfer. Schriftenreihe Landschaftspflege und Naturschutz, 32: 165-174.

Steiner, R., McLaughlin, L., Faeth, P. & Janke, R. 1995. Incorporating externality costs in productivity measures: a case study using US agriculture. In V. Barbett, R. Payne and R. Steiner (eds). Agricultural Sustainability: Environmental and Statistical Considerations, pp.209-230. New York, John Wiley.

Stolton, S. 1997. Fighting draught in Kenya. Ecology & Farming, 15: 19.

Stolton, S. & Dudley, N. 2000b. Organic agriculture in protected areas: creating partnerships for development. In T. Alföldi, W. Lockeretz, & U. Niggli, eds. IFOAM 2000 - The World Grows Organic: Proceedings 13th International IFOAM scientific conference. Zürich Vdf Hochschulverlag.

Stolton, S. & Geier, B. 2002. The relationship between biodiversity and organic agriculture: defining appropriate policies and approaches for sustainable agriculture (unpublished). Available from IFOAM, Tholey-Theley, Germany.

Stolton, S. & N. Dudley, 2000a. The use of certification of sustainable management systems and their possible application to protected area management. The Conference Beyond the Trees, 8-11 May 2000 Bangkok, Thailand, (available at www.panda.org/forests4life/spotlights/trees/bt_sdpaper.htm).

Stolton, S., Geier, B. & McNeely, J.A. eds. 2000. The relationship between nature conservation, biodiversity and organic agriculture: proceedings of an international workshop, Vignola, Italy, 1999. IFOAM, Tholey-Theley, Germany.

Stolze, M., Piorr, A., Häring, A. & Dabbert, S. 2000. The environmental impacts of organic farming in Europe. Organic farming in Europe, 6, Stuttgart, University of Stuttgart-Hohenheim.

Sylvander, B. & Leusie, M. 2000. Customer trends in organic farming in France and Europe: vulnerability of demand and consumer loyalty. Towards a learning based marketing. In Alföldi, T., W. Lockeretz & U. Niggli eds. IFOAM 2000 - the world grows organic. Proceedings of the 13th International IFOAM Scientific Conference, Zurich. P 546.

Tacon, A.G.J. & De Sila, S.S. 1997. Feed preparation and feed management strategies within semi-intensive fish farming systems in the tropics. Aquaculture, 151: 379-404.

Tacon, A.G.J. & Pruder, G.D. 2001. Opportunities and challenges to organic certification of aquatic animal feed, pp. 26-42. In D.J. Brister and A. Kapuscinski, eds., Final report of the National Organic Aquaculture Workshop, June 23-24, 2000. St. Paul, USA, Institute for Social Economic and Ecological Sustainability, University of Minnesota.

The New York Times. 2000. Simple methods found to vastly increase crop yields, by C. Kaesuk Yoon. August 22. (available at http://query.nytimes.com/search/abstract?res=FA0D13FE355A0C718EDDA10894D8404482).

Thies, C. & Tscharntke, T. 1999. Landscape structure and biological control in agroecosystems. Science, 285: 893-895.

Tilman, D. 1998. The greening of the green revolution. Nature 396, 211-212.

Tilman, D. 1999. Global environmental impacts of agricultural expansion: the need for sustainable and efficient practices. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 96: 5995-6000.

Toledo, V.M. 2000. La paz in chiapas: ecologia, luchas indigenas y modernidad alternativa. Mexico, D.F., Ediciones Quinto Sol.

Toness, A., Thomas, T. & Sierra, H. 1998. Sustainable management of steeplands: An assessment of terraces as a soil and water conservation technology. Rep. No. 98-1. College Station, Texas, Texas A&M University/USAID.

UKROFS. 2001. United Kingdom Register of Organic Food Standards for Organic Food Production. United Kingdom Register of Organic Food Standards (available at www.defra.gov.uk/farm/organic/ukrofs/standard.pdf).

United Nations Secretariat of the Convention to Combat Desertification. 2001. United Nations Secretariat of the Convention to Combat Desertification, Bonn, Germany, (available at www.unccd.int).

University of Albany 2002. Pollinator Diversity. Fact Sheet. (available at www.albany.edu/natweb/dispoll.html).

Uphoff, N. & Altieri, M.A. 1999. Alternatives to conventional modern agriculture for meeting world food needs in the next century. Ithaca, NY, Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development.

Uphoff, N. (ed). 2002. Agroecological innovations. London, Earthscan.

US/FAS. 2000. Organic food in Western Japan, FAS GAIN Report no. JA 0712.

US/FAS. 2002. New Zealand Organic Products, Situation and Outlook 2002. FAS GAIN Report no. NZ 2023.

USDA. 1973. Monoculture in agriculture : Extent, causes and problems. Report of the Task Force on Spatial Heterogeneity in Agricultural Landscapes and Enterprises. Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office.

USDA. 2000. United States Department of Agriculture's National Organic Programme Final rule on national standards for organic crop and livestock production and handling. www.ams.usda.gov/nop/nop2000/ nop2/finalrulepages/ finalrulemap.htm.

van der Meer, M. & Stein, N. 2001. Market introduction of organic fish facilitated by new EU rules. Unpublished manuscript.

van Elsen, T. 2000. Species diversity as a task for organic agriculture in Europe. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 77: 101-109.

van Elzakker, B. & Tulip, A. 2000. Not aid but trade: Export of organic products from Africa. In T. Alföldi, W. Lockeretz, & U. Niggli, eds. IFOAM 2000 - The World Grows Organic: Proceedings 13th International IFOAM scientific conference, pp 567-570. Zürich Vdf Hochschulverlag.

Vieira M. 2001. Brazil's organic cup not yet over-flowing. In World Organic News, no. 13, 11 January 2001.

von der Weid, J.M. 2000. Scaling up and scaling further up: an ongoing experience of participatory development in Brazil. In IIRR, Going to scale: can we bring more benefits to more people more quickly? pp. 53-57. Cavite, Philippines, International Institute of Rural Reconstruction.

Vorosmarty, C.J., Green, P., Salisbury J. & Lammers. R.B. 2000. Global water resources: vulnerability from climate change and population growth. Science, 289: 284-288.

Waibel, H. & Fleischer, G. 1998. Kosten und Nutzen des chemischen Pflanzenschutzes in der Deutsen Landwirtschaft aus Gesamtwirtschaftlicher Sicht. Kiel, Vauk-Verlag.

Wairegi, F.K. 2000. Biodiversity conservation of indigenous food crops to improve household food security and poverty alleviation. In Alföldi, T., W. Lockeretz & U. Niggli eds. IFOAM 2000 - the world grows organic. Proceedings of the 13th International IFOAM Scientific Conference, Zurich, p. 233.

Walaga, C. 1997. Organic Cotton growing in Uganda: A challenge for environmentally sound and Economic fair trade. Paper presented at organic farming research dissemination seminar, 9th-11th July 1997, Nairobi. In J-M., Diop, D. Onduru, D. van der Werf & J. Kariuki. On-farm agro-economic comparison of organic and conventional techniques in medium and high potential areas of Kenya. KIOF/ETC-Netherlands.

Watson, R.T., Zinyowera, M.C. & Moss, R.C. 1996. Technologies, policies and measures for mitigating climate change. (available at www.gcrio.org/ipcc/techrepI/toc.html) US Global Change Research Information Office (GCRIO) Columbia University, New York.

Weiger, H. 1997. Naturschutz durch ökologischen Landbau. In H. Weiger & H. Willer, eds. Naturschutz durch ökologischen Landbau. Ökologische Konzepte 95, Bad Dürkheim.

Wetterich, F. & Haas G. 1999. Oekobilanz Algaeuer Gruenlandbetriebe. Schriftenreihe Institut fuer Organischen Landbau. Bonn

Whole Foods Market. 2000. Organic products and handling of aquatic animals to be labelled as organic: comments submitted by Whole Foods Market, Inc., May 11, 2000. Docket Number TM-00-03 (available at www.wholefoodsmarket.com/issues/org_aquatic.html).

Wier, M. and Smed, S. 2000. Modelling consumption of organic foods. In T. Alföldi, W. Lockeretz, & U. Niggli, eds. IFOAM 2000 - The World Grows Organic: Proceedings 13th International IFOAM scientific conference. Zurich, Vdf Hochschulverlag. p550.

Wilhelm, B. & Fürst, M. 2002. Internal Control Systems: a chance for smallholder groups. Ecology and Farming No. 30: 23-25.

Wilken, G.C. 1987. Good farmers: traditional agricultural resource management in Mexico and Guatamala. Berkeley, University of California Press.

Wolfe, M. 2000. Crop strength through diversity. Nature, 406: 681-682.

Worthington, V. 2001. Nutritional quality of organic versus conventional fruits, vegetables and grains. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine 7(2): 161-73.

WTO. 2001. Organic Farming: Position of Costa Rica. Committee on Trade and Environment. Item 6 of the Work Programme, 8 October 2001. WT/CTE/W/202.

Wynen, E. 1996. Research implications of a paradigm shift in agriculture: the case of organic farming. Resource and environmental studies, No. 12, Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University, May.

Wynen, E. 1998. Organic agriculture in Denmark: economic implications of a widespread change, Danish Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Economics, Report No. 99, Copenhagen.

Wynen, E. 2002. Costs and benefits of research to organic farmers in Australia. Canberra, Australia, RIRDC.

Wynen, E. & Vanzetti, D. 1999. Research in organic agriculture: assessment and future directions. Invited paper for the conference Organic agriculture faces its development: the future. Organised by the Jacques Cartier Centre, Lyon, France, December (available at www.organic-research.org/downloads/wynen1999.pdf).

Wyss, E. 1994. The effects of weed strips on aphids and aphidophagous predators in and apple orchard. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 75: 43-49.

Wyss, E., Niggli, U. & Nentwig, W. 1995. The impact of spiders on aphid populations in a strip-managed apple orchard. Journal of Applied Entomology, 119: 473-478.

Xi Y., Tai, C., Wang, Q., Ding, W., Bao, Y., & Li Z. 1997. A comparative study on energy and economic flow between organic strawberry and non-organic strawberry production systems Rural Eco-Environment 13(3): 37-41. (Translated by Dr Tang Ya).

Yardim, E.N. & Edwards, C.A. 2000. The effects of weed control practices on surface-dwelling arthropod predators in tomato agroecosystems. In T. Alföldi, W. Lockeretz, & U. Niggli, eds. IFOAM 2000 - The World Grows Organic: Proceedings 13th International IFOAM scientific conference. Zürich Vdf Hochschulverlag.

Yussefi, M. and Willer, H. 2002. Organic Agriculture Worldwide: Statistics and Future Prospects. Foundation Ecology and Agriculture (SOL) in collaboration with the International Federation for Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM). (available at www.soel.de/inhalte/publikationen/s_74_04.pdf).

Zanolli, R. and Gambelli, D. 1999. Output and public expenditure implications of the development of organic farming in Europe. Organic Farming in Europe: Economics and Policy 4, Stuttgart, University of Hohenheim.

Zarea, A., Koocheki, A. & Nasiri, M. 2000. Energy efficiency of conventional and ecological cropping systems in different rotations. In T. Alföldi, W. Lockeretz, & U. Niggli, eds. IFOAM 2000 - The World Grows Organic: Proceedings 13th International IFOAM scientific conference. Zürich Vdf Hochschulverlag.

Zech, W. & Glaser, B. 2001. History and origin of Terra Preta soils and future perspectives. Paper presented to the Terra Preta Symposium, June 13-14 Benicassim, Spain (abstract available at www.geo.uni-bayreuth.de/ bodenkunde/terra_preta/Zech_abstract.html).

Znaor, D. & Kieft, H. 2000. Environmental impact and macro-economic feasibility of organic agriculture in the Danube River Basin. In T. Alföldi, W. Lockeretz, & U. Niggli, eds. IFOAM 2000 - The World Grows Organic: Proceedings 13th International IFOAM scientific conference. Zürich Vdf Hochschulverlag.

Zweig, R.D. 1985. Freshwater aquaculture in management for survival. Ambio, 14: 66-74.


Previous PageTop Of Page