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APPENDICES

Appendix I
Seed storage

Scientific nameCommon nameStorage environmentStorabilityDrying response
Acacia auriculiformisJapanese acaciaSun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition3–5 monthsTolerant
Acacia confusaChinese acaciaSun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition3 monthsTolerant
Acacia mangiumSabah acaciaSun-dried stored under ordinary room conditionseveral yearsTolerant
Albizia falcataria
(Paraserianthus f.)
Molucca albizziaSun-dried stored under ordinary room condition2 yearsTolerant
Albizia lebbeckIndian walnut, SirisSun-dried stored under ordinary room condition4–5 yearsTolerant
Albizia proceraWhite SirisSun-dried stored under ordinary room condition1 yearTolerant
Aleurites moluccanaCandle nut tree, Varnish treeOrdinary room conditionLong-livedTolerant
Anacardium occidentaleCashewSun-dried, for 2 days, stored under ordinary room condition1 yearTolerant
Artocarpus heterophyllusJack fruitIn sawdust or coirdust, ordinary room temperature1 month,
80% viability
Sensitive
Artocarpus heterophyllusJack fruitSurface sterilized with Chlorox for 5 min., moist seeds in airtight containers, 19 °C6 months, viability/maintained 
Averrhoa carambolaCarambolaAir-dried, ordinary room condition2 monthsTolerant
Azadirachta indicaNeem treeSealed air-tight container, ordinary room temperature16 weeksTolerant
Azadirachta indicaNeem treeSun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition2–3 weeksTolerant
Cajanus cajanPigeon peaSun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition4 monthsTolerant
Calliandra calothyrsusCalliandraSundried, stored under ordinary room condition1 yearTolerant
Carica papayaPapayaSun-dried or shade-dried 48 hours, sealed in glass or plastic jars, ordinary room temperature1 yearTolerant
Casuarina equisetifoliaCommon ironwood, Swamp oakSun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition3 monthsTolerant
Cassia siameaKassod tree, Thai copper podSun-dried, stored under ordinary room conditionseveral yearsTolerant
Citrus limonLemon treeTreated with fungicide, stored moist in thin, closed plastic bag, 0–4 °C2 yearsSensitive
Cocos nuciferaCoconut treeOrdinary room condition16 monthsSensitive
Delonix regiaFlame of the forestSun-dried, stored under ordinary room conditionSeveral yearsTolerant
Durio zibethinusDurianMoist seeds (in plastic bag) but with microbe problems and germination during storage, ordinary room temperature2–3 weeksSensitive
Durio zibethinusDurianKeep moist seeds in air-tight container, surface sterilized before storage and 20 °C32 days,
90% viability
Sensitive
Erythrina spp.Coral treeSun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition1 yearTolerant
Eucalyptus degluptaEucalyptusOrdinary room conditionShort-livedSensitive
Ficus    
Garcinia mangostanaMangosteenMoist seeds in moist charcoal at 21–29 °COver 6 weeks
100% viability
Sensitive
Gliricidia sepiumKakawate, Madre de CacaoSun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition6 weeksTolerant
Gmelina arboreaYemaneSun-dried for 2 days, stored under ordinary room condition3 monthsTolerant
Grevillia robusta    
Hevea brasiliensisRubberOrdinary room condition6 daysSensitive
Hevea brasiliensisRubberMoist seeds in inflated sealed container (plastic 7), 10–15 °C2 months
40% viability
Sensitive
Hevea brasiliensisRubberSoak fresh, clean seeds in 0.3% Benlate, drain surface dry in plastic bag, ordinary room temperature1 year, more than
50% viability
Sensitive
Hevea brasiliensisRubberMoist seeds in damp sawdust within finely perforated plastic bag, 7–10 °C4 months,
40% viability
Sensitive
Lagerstroemia speciosaQueen's flowerOrdinary room condition plastic jar, ordinary room temperatureShort-livedSensitive
Leucaena diversifoliaIpil-ipilSun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition8 monthsTolerant
Leucaena leucocephalaIpil-ipilSun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition1–3 yearTolerant
Mangifera indicaMangoMoist seeds in sealed plastic bag with moist charcoal ventilated, stored at 20–23 °C13 weeks 80% viabilitySensitive
Mangifera indicaMangoIn sealed plastic bags with moist charcoal, ordinary room temperature4 months still viableSensitive
Melia azadirachtaBastard cedarSun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition4–6 monthsSensitive
Nephelium lappaceusRambutanMoist sawdust or charcoal in plastic bag, 21 °C3 months
100% viability
Sensitive
Paraserianthus falcataria   Tolerant
Passiflora edulisPassion fruitStored in sealed container, 20 °C9 months
75% viability
 
Peltrophorum pterocarpusNone seaOrdinary room conditionLong-livedSensitive
Persea americanaAvocadoMoist seeds in plastic bag + fungicide, soaked 5 min., 3% captan, 4–5 °C1 year,
75% viability
Sensitive
Persea americanaAvocadoMoist seeds in dry peat moss, 5–6 °COver 8 monthsTolerant
Pinus kesiyaThree needle pineSun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition3 months to 1 year 
Pithecellobium dulceFalse tamarindSun-dried, stored under ordinary room conditionat least 6 monthsTolerant
Psidium guajavaGuavaDried 1 week, kept in sealed tin can, glass jar or plastic jar in ordinary room temperature15 yearsTolerant
Pterocarpus indicusNarraOrdinary room conditionLong-livedTolerant
Pterocarpus macrocarpusSmooth narraSun-dried, stored under ordinary room conditionLong-livedTolerant
Samanea (Albizia) samanRain treeOrdinary room conditionLong-livedTolerant
Swietenia macrophyllaMahogany
(large leaf)
Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition6 monthsTolerant
Swietenia sp.MahoganyMoist seeds in charcoal within sealed can, cool temperature4–5 monthsSensitive
Tamarindus indicaTamarindSun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition6 months to
1 year
Tolerant
Tectona grandisTeakSun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition1 year or moreTolerant
Terminalia catappaTropical almondOrdinary room conditionLong-livedTolerant
Theobroma cacaoCacao or Cocoa treeDried at aircon temperature, dusted with 0.2% benlate Thiram mix, 50 seeds in moist charcoal, sawdust or sand within perforated plastic bag6 months
over 50% viability
Sensitive
Theobroma cacoaCocao or Cocoa treeShade-dried 2 hours, kept in plastic bag + fungicide, ordinary room temperature3 months
100% viability
Sensitive
Vitex parvifloraMolaveSun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition1 yearTolerant

Appendix II
Seed treatment for better and faster germination

Scientific nameCommon nameTreatment/PreparationDay to germination (with treatment)Day to germination (without treatment)Number of seeds/kg
Acacia auriculiformisJapanese acacia
(a) Immerse for 30 seconds to 1 minute in boiling water, soak overnight in cool water
3 – 87 – 107,400–8,000
(b) Immerse in hot water for 3–10 minutes and soak overnight in the tap water
      
Acacia mangiumSabah acaciaImmerse for 30 seconds in boiling water and soak overnight in cold water3 – 615 – 2040,000–70,000
      
Albizia lebbeckIndian walnut, Siris
(a) Immerse in boiling water for 2 minutes and soak overnight in tap water
3 – 4 6,000–16,000
(b) Immerse in hot water and soak for 24 hours
      
Albizia lebbeckoides Soak in hot water let, cool and soak overnight3 – 4  
      
Anacardium occidentaleCashew nut treeCut-off forehead to reduce distortion of seed linos1214200–900
      
Annona muricataSoursopSoak overnight2 – 3 1,750
      
Artocarpus heterophyllusJack fruit treeRemove seed jacket and soak for 24 hours in cool water3 – 51445–90
      
Azadirachta indicaNeem treeSoak in water 3–6 days3 – 55 – 74,000–6,000
      
Cajanus cajanPigeon peaSoak in water 24 hours2 – 32 – 63,500
      
Calamus merrilliiRattanScarify mechanically3 – 745 
      
Carica papayaPapayaRemove qelatinous material, clean and air-dry710 – 2047,000–76,000
      
Cassia fistulaGolden showerNick off seed coat and soak overnight in water5 – 77 – 142,000–6,000
      
Cassia occidentalisCoffea SennaImmerse in boiling water for 5 seconds1 – 33 – 54,000
      
Cassia siameaKassod tree, Thai copper pod
(a) Immerse in hot water and leave for 12–24 hours
3 – 712 – 1720,000–25,000
(b) Soak in cold/tepid water for 48–72 hours
      
Casuarina equisetifoliaCommon iron wood, Swamp oakNone required-7 – 21680,000–700,000
      
Citrus limonLemonWash slime from seeds soak for 24 hours3–57–1020,000
      
Coffee spp.Coffee treeRemove parchment and soak for 24 hours in cold water3030 – 452,000
      
Delonix regiaFlame of the forest
(a) Immerse in boiling water for 10 seconds
12 – 2015 – 251,600–9,300
(b) Soak in cold/tepid water for 24 hours
      
Durian zibethinusDurianRemove and wash aril 8 – 1745
      
Leucaena diversifoliaIpil-ipil
(a) Soak in hot water for 3 minutes
7 – 159 – 1815,000
(b) Immerse in boiling water for 5 seconds
      
Leucaena leucacephalaIpil-ipil
(a) Soak in tap water for 36 hours
5 – 1212 – 2013,000
(b) Immerse in hot water for 24–72 hours
      
Livistona rotundifoliaFan palm(a) Soak for 24 hours2 – 3 7,400
(b) Remove the hilum cover
      
Mangifera indicaMangoRemove off husk to improve quality and uniformity of seedlings6 – 91440
      
Manilkara zapotaSapodilla plumCrack seed coat and soak overnight in water14 – 2516 – 44750–1,000
      
Pinus kesiyaThree needle pineSoak for 24 hours and discard floater14 3,000–4,000
      
Pterocarpus macrocarpusSmooth narra
(a) Soak in hot water (50 °C) for 10 minutes
4 – 15 1,500–2,000
(b) Soak in hot water for 12 hours
      
Sandoricum indicumSantolRub seeds with sant to remove fibers covering and wash well, dry under shade20 – 30 40–60
      
Sesbania bispinosaPrickly sesbanSoak for 24 hours5 – 86 – 1010,000–15,000
      
Swietenia macrophyllaMahogany
(a) Soak in hot water (50 °C) for 5 minutes
14 – 28 2,300
(b) Break off seed wings
      
Tamarindus indicaTamarind(a) Soak seeds for 5–6 days1314 – 211,000–2,600
(b) Soak in hot water for 24 hours
      
Tectona grandisTeak
(a) Soak seeds in running water for 24 hours, sun-dry for 1–2 days
14 – 68901,000


Wood Energy Development & Planning
1986.Wood Energy Bibliography (F.D. 2)
1987.Wood Energy Policies and Strategies. Some Issues (F.D. 1)
1988.Catalogue of Wood Energy Institutions (F.D. 10)
 
Wood Energy Conversion & Use
1986.Wood Energy for Rural Industries - Thailand (F.D. 3)
1986.Wood Energy Systems for Rural and Other Industries - Sri Lanka (F.D. 4)
1986.Regional Workshop on Monitoring Techniques of Improved Stove Development Programme, Kathmandu, Nepal, June 15–24, 1986
1986.Regional Training Course for Trainers on Improved Small Scale Charcoal Production, Saraburi, Thailand, October 27 – November 1986
1987.Study Tour on Wood Energy Conversion/Utilization to Thailand & Philippines, October 4–19, 1987
1988.Stove Programmes in Asia. Status Report (F.D. 6)
1988.The Use of Wood Fuels in Rural Industries in Asia & Pacific (F.D. 7)
1988.Wood Based Energy System in Rural Industries & Village Applications - Nepal (F.D. 11)
1988.Regional Training Course on Improved Cookstove Production, Ratchaburi, Thailand, June 7–16, 1988
1989.Charcoal in Northeast Thailand. RRA of a Wood-based Small Scale Enterprise (F.D. 9)
1989.Wood Based Energy System in Rural Industries & Village Applications - Philippines (F.D. 12)
1989.Wood Based Energy System in Rural Industries & Village Applications - Pakistan (F.D. 13)
1989.Biomass Based Energy Systems in Rural Industries & Village Applications - Bangladesh (F.D. 17)
1989.Wood Based Energy System in Rural Industries & Village Applications - India (F.D. 18)
 
Trees & Wasteland Development
1987.Energy Plantations for Marginal & Problematic Lands - Pakistan (F.D. 5)
1987.Regional Training Course in Production & Use of Nitrogen Fixing Trees, Ratchaburi, Thailand, October 21–30, 1987
1989.Problems & Potentials of Reforestation of Salt Affected Soils - India (F.D. 14)
1989.Development of Degraded Village Lands in India. Experiences and Prospects (F.D. 15)
1989.Problems & Potentials of Reforestation of Salt Affected Soils - Sri Lanka (F.D. 16)
1989.Wasteland Development for Fuelwood and Other Rural Needs (F.D. 19)
1989.Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. Ex Del. Pakistan (F.D. 20)
1989.Dalbergia sissoo, Roxb. Pakistan (F.D. 21)
 
Community Forestry & Extension
1988.Planning Forestry Extension Programmes. Report of a Regional Consultation (F.D. 8)
1988.Study Tour Social Forestry/Extension, India & Nepal, November 13–29, 1988
1988.National Workshop Planning Forestry Extension Programmes India, held in Ahmedabad, January 11–13, 1988
1989.Women's Role in Forest Resource Management. A Reader
 
Project Committee Meeting
1985.Report of the Technical Meeting, held in Bangkok, Thailand, November 5–8, 1985
1987.Report Project Steering Committee Meeting, held in Bangkok, Thailand, July 7–10, 1987
1989.Report Project Steering Committee Meeting, held in Bangkok, Thailand 30 October – 3 November, 1989

RWEDP PUBLICATIONS (1990 - PRESENT)

Wood Energy Development & Planning
1990.Rural Energy Appraisal. Workshop Report. Philippines
1990.Rural Systems Analysis. Report of an International Training Workshop
1991.Wood Fuel Flows. Rapid Rural Appraisal in Four Asian Countries (F.D. 26)
1991.Wood Energy Sectoral Analysis: Bhutan (F.D. 32)
1992.Biomass & Energy Planning. Workshop Report, Manila, Philippines (F.D. 31)
1992.Fuelwood and Energy Sectoral Review: Vietnam (F.D. 33)
1993.Wood Energy Development: Planning, Policy and Strategies. Workshop Report, Chiang Mai, Thailand (F.D. 37)
1993.Marketing of Wood Fuels in Peshawar City, Pakistan (F.D. 38)
1993.Woodfuel Flows in The Dry Zone of Myanmar (F.D. 39)
 
Wood Energy Conversion & Use
1990.Wood Energy in Rural Industries in Asia. Papers & Report of a Regional Consultation.
1991.Expert Consultation Improved Cookstove Development Programme in South Asia Countries.
1992.Mangrove for Charcoal. The Case of Yeesarn, Upper Gulf of Thailand (F.D. 30)
1992.Wood/Biomass Based Energy Systems in Rural Industries & Village Application, Nepal
1993.Status and Development Issues of the Brick Industry in Asia (F.D. 35)
1993.Charcoal Production and Marketing in Gujarat (F.D. 36)
1993.National Conference on Conservation and Sustainability of Wood Based Energy System in Rural Industries & Village Applications, India, New Delhi, 28–30 October 1991
1993.Chinese Fuel Saving Stoves - A Compendium (F.D. 40)
1993.Indian Improved Cookstoves - A Compendium (F.D. 41)
 
Trees & Wasteland Development
1990.Trees and Fuelwood from Non-Forest Lands; Pakistan (F.D. 22)
1990.Trees and Fuelwood from Non-Forest Lands; India (F.D. 23)
1991.Oak. Production, Management and Use in the Himalayas (F.D. 27)
1991.Small Scale Multipurpose Tree Production Systems in a Mountainous Region of India (F.D. 28)
1991.Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce: Its Production, Management and Use in Pakistan (F.D. 29)
 
Community Forestry & Extension
1990.Social Forestry in Integrated Rural Development Planning; Sri Lanka (F.D. 24)
1990.Social Forestry in Indonesia. Workshop Report (F.D. 25)
1992.Local Organizations in Community Forestry Extension in Asia (F.D. 34)
 
Project Advisory Committee Meeting
1991.Held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, 5–9 November, 1991
 
Wood Energy News Volume 1–8 (21 issues)

CO-PUBLISHED WITH AND/OR PUBLICATION FROM OTHER ORGANIZATIONS

 Asia-Pacific Agroforestry Network (APAN)
1992.Report on Refresher Course for Agroforestry Trainers in Asia-Pacific
1992.Report on Regional Expert Consultation on Farmer-to-Farmer Adaptive Agroforestry Research, Cebu, Philippines
1992.Report of Agroforestry Information & Technologies Exchange Visit between Thailand & Lao PDR
  
 Forestry/Fuelwood Research and Development Project (F/FRED)
1990.Household Fuel Availability and Homegardens in Some Selected Locations of Bangladesh
1992.NGOs and Tree-Growing Programs: Working Between Farmers and Governments
1992.Growing Multipurpose Trees on Small Farms
  
 Forests, Trees, and People Programme (FTPP)
1990.Guidelines for Planning, Monitoring & Evaluating Cookstove Programmes. (FM 1)
1990.The Community's Toolbox. (FM 2)
  
 Save the Children
1992.Collection, Storage and Treatment of Tree Seeds (in Thai)

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