1.1 Introduction: Watershed management practices, programs and projects
1.3.1 The watershed focus and political jurisdictions
1.3.2 Complications due to lack of market values
1.3.3 Implications for the guidelines
1.4.1 Making appraisals useful
1.4.2 Appraisal of economic effects of a project
2. FRAMEWORK FOR ECONOMIC APPRAISAL
2.4 A framework for identifying and valuing watershed management inputs and outputs
3. ESTIMATING INPUT-OUTPUT RELATIONSHIPS
3.2.1 Defining the "without" project situation
3.2.2 Defining the "with" project impacts
3.2.3 Defining appropriate measures of project impact.
3.5.1 Irreversibilities
3.5.2 Catastrophic events
3.5.3 Preservation of ecosystems
4. QUANTIFYING WATER YIELD AND STREAMFLOW BENEFITS FROM WATERSHED PRACTICES
4.2.1 Estimating changes in water yield
4.2.1.1 Regional relationships
4.2.1.2 Water budget approach
4.2.1.3 Computer simulation models
4.2.2 Upstream-downstream considerations
4.4.1 Vegetation management effects
4.4.2 Salinization
5. QUANTIFYING BENEFITS OF SOIL STABILIZATION PRACTICES
5.3.1 Special considerations for upland watersheds
5.3.2 Procedures for estimating soil erosion impacts on productivity
5.3.3 Estimating rates of surface erosion
5.3.4 Estimating rates of gully erosion
5.3.5 Estimating mass soil movement
6.2.1 Using market prices
6.2.2 Using surrogate market prices
6.2.3 Using hypothetical valuation (surveys, "cost-prices," or description)
6.3 General categories of outputs and inputs and their relationships to value measures
6.4 Valuing watershed management inputs (see EAFP Chapter 6)
6.5 Valuing watershed management benefits (see EAFP Chapter 7)
6.5.1 Beginning the valuation process
6.5.2 Valuing soil related effects
6.5.3 Valuing water quality and quantity related effects
6.5.4 Special considerations for valuing watershed benefits
7. COMPARING BENEFITS AND COSTS - MEASURES OF PROJECT WORTH
7.3 Analyses using only prices for marketed goods and services.
7.3.1 Budget implications of public sector cash flow
7.3.2 Financial implications for private entities
7.3.3 Income redistribution implications
7.4.1 Derivation of value flow tables and treatment of transfer payments
7.4.2 Measures of project worth
7.4.3 The discount rate for public evaluations
7.5.1 Regional impacts of projects
7.5.2 Balance of payments effects
8.4.1 Biophysical input-output considerations
8.4.2 Examples of sensitivity analysis
8.5 Dealing with critical factors identified in the sensitivity analysis.
8.5.1 Changing the project design
8.5.2 Building safeguards into a project
9. USE OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN PROJECT DESIGN
9.1 The importance of using economics and social experience in project design
9.2.1 Cost effectiveness analysis
9.2.2 Benefit-cost analysis and mutually exclusive alternatives.
9.6 Adding on a project purpose and dealing with joint costs
10 . PRESENTING THE ECONOMIC APPRAISAL
10.2.1. Inputs into the analysis (Chapters 2-6)