Forest resources and institutions

Forests, Trees and People Programme - Forestry Department
Working Paper No. 3

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Figures, Tables and Maps

Preface

Acknowledgments

Contributors

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Chapter 1 - Explaining Deforestation: The Role of Local Institutions
By Clark Gibson, Margaret A. McKean, and Elinor Ostrom

Introduction

Forests, goods, rights, and owners

IFRI research program

Empirical chapters

Why micro and comparative analyses are Important: Variation at local levels
Why micro and comparative analyses are important: Variation in self-governance

Conclusion

References

Chapter 2 - Common Property: What Is It, What Is It Good For, and What Makes It Work?
by Margaret A. McKean

Definitions

Common-pool resources
Common-property regimes

Advantages of common-property regimes

Indivisibility
Uncertainty in location of productive zones
Productive efficiency via internalizing externalities
Administrative efficiency

Attributes of successful common-property regimes

References

Chapter 3 - Group Size and Successful Collective Action: A Case Study of Forest Management Institutions in the Indian Himalayas
by Arun Agrawal

Introduction

The van panchayats of Kumaon

Resources of the panchayats

Key actors

The case studies

Implications of the study

Conclusion

References

Appendix 3.1: Changes in the Van Panchayat Act between 1931 and 1976

Chapter 4 - Successful Forest Management: The Importance of Security of Tenure and Rule Enforcement in Ugandan Forests
by Abwoll Y. Banana and William Gombya-Ssembajjwe

Introduction

Forest use in Uganda

Level of consumptive utilization

The role of tenure and enforcement

Conclusions

References

Chapter 5 - Social Norms and Human Foraging: An Investigation into the Spatial Distribution of Shorea robusta in Nepal
by Charles M. Schweik

Introduction

Study site and data collection process

A proposed "species-density" model

The dependent variable: A measure of species abundance
The independent variables: Factors that influence the location of Shorea robusta growth

Statistical methods and results

MLE assumption 1: Identification of the natural distribution of the Shorea robusta species using a reference forest
MLE assumption 2: Identifying the model's correct functional form
Statistical results

Discussion

Conclusion

References

Chapter 6 - The Lack of Institutional Supply: Why a Strong Local Community in Western Ecuador Fails to Protect its Forest
by C. Dustin Becker and Clark C. Gibson

Introduction

Natural resource management and the local level

The social and physical assets of Loma Alta

Institutions

Loma Alta's "protective forest"

Users, user rules, and use-patterns

Incentives of user groups and the lack of institutional supply

Conclusion

References

Chapter 7 - Indigenous Forest Management in the Bolivian Amazon: Lessons from the Yuracaré People
by C. Dustin Becker and Rosario Leon

Introduction

Historical and ecological setting

Themes, definitions, null hypotheses, and corollaries

Moisture gradient hypothesis

Population density hypothesis

Market demand hypothesis

Methodological details and a reference forest

Results

Forest management institutions created by the Yuracaré
Yuracaré language and forest management
Variation in forest condition

Discussion and conclusions

References

Chapter 8 - Coping with Changes in Population and Forest Resources: Institutional Mediation in the Middle Hills of Nepal
by George Varughese

Introduction

Population and the environment

Research on Nepal

The study setting

A study of 18 cases in the Middle Hills of Nepal

Discussion of selected cases

Improving forest conditions

Raniswara
Churiyamai

Stable forest conditions

RiyaIe
Barbote

Worsening forest conditions

Agra
Chunmang

Conclusion

References

Appendix I - IFRI Research Strategy
by Elinor Ostrom and Mary Beth Wertime

The problem

Alternative approaches to solving the problem

Goals/outcomes: Addressing knowledge and information gaps and building assessment capacities

Goal: Addressing knowledge gaps

Outcome: Enhancing interdisciplinary knowledge.

Goal: Addressing information gaps

Outcome: Providing key ground-truthed Information.

Goal: Building capacity for assessment

Outcome: Legacy of long-term assessment capabilities.

Operational methods of IFRI research program

Dissemination of results

References

Community Forestry Publications

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Figures, Tables and Maps

 

Figure 1.1: The IAD framework relating multiple factors affecting local ecosystems

Table 2.1: Type of good, by physical characteristics

Table 2.2: Stock and flow attributes of property-rights regimes

Figure 3.1: Forests in the hill subsistence economy

Table 3.1: Basic statistics on the five Dhauladevi van panchayats

Table 3.2: Basic institutional information on van panchayats

Table 3.3: Tree biomass and diversity in investigated cases

Table 4.1: Number of sample plots with evidence of Illegal consumptive disturbance (N=30 per forest)

Table 4.2: Summary of data collected for trees in plot samples of the pilot study forests

Map 5.1: Forest plot locations within the Shaktikhor area

Figure 5.1: The species density model

Table 5.1: Importance values of Shorea robusta species in the Sugabhanjyang, Latauli, and Kaswang forests

Table 5.2: Chi-square test of the index of dispersion of Shorea robusta species in the Kaswang forest

Table 5.3: Negative binomial coefficients for number of Shores robusta trees in forest plots

Map 6.1: Western Ecuador

Map 6.2: Loma Alta comuna and its bosque protector

Table 6.1: Tree size classes in tropical primary forests vs. Loma Alta's secondary forest (The distribution is statistically different.)

Table 6.2: Diversity and density of trees (DBH > 10 cm) In Loma Alta's fog forest, Ecuador

Figure 7.1: Location of Yuracaré territory, settlements, and forests on the Rio Chapare, Bolivia

Figure 7.2: Social and ecological factors that influence forest condition

Table 7.1: Predicted relative values for stem density and basal area of tree species in forests associated with three settlements on the Rio Chapare, Bolivia. Pictograms of outcome follow each causal factor.

Table 7.2: Framework of Yuracaré forest institutions

Figure 7.3: Proportion of different natural resources with Yuracaré and Spanish names.

Figure 7.4 : People-forest relationship map made by Yuracaré living in Missiones.

Figure 7.5: Comparison of size classes (DBH) of trees in forest stands on the Rio Chapare and on Rio Manu

Table 7.4: Estimates of trees ha'' of commercial and noncommercial timber species on the Rio Chapare, Bolivia (Genera in parentheses).

Table 7.5C

Figure 7.6: Linear regression of mean DBH on regeneration.

Map 8.1: Eighteen locations in districts visited for IFRI studies

Table 8.1: Descriptive statistics for 18 sites

Table 8.2: Preliminary comparisons of population growth with forest condition

Table 8.3: Association of population growth with forest condition

Table 8.4: Preliminary comparisons of forest condition with collective activity

Table 8.5: Association of level of collective activity with forest condition

Table 8.6: Cases selected for discussion

Table 8.7: Some institutional characteristics of select cases

Table A1: Data collection forms and information collected