Acosta, C.A. 2002. Spatially explicit dispersal dynamics and equilibrium population sizes in marine harvest refuges. ICES J.Mar.Sci., 59: 458-468.
Acosta, C.A. & Butler IV, M.J. 1997. Role of mangrove habitat as a nursery for juvenile spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, in Belize. Mar.Freshwater Res., 48: 721-727.
Addison, J.T. 1997. Lobster stock assessment: report from a workshop; I. Mar.Freshwater Res., 48: 941-944.
Addison, J.T. & Bannister, R.C. 1994. Re-stocking and enhancement of clawed lobster stocks: a review. Crustaceana, 67: 131-155.
Agnew, D.J., Baranowski, R., Beddington, J.R. des Clers, S. & Nolan, C.P. 1998. Approaches to assessing stocks of Loligo gahi around the Falkland Islands. Fish.Res., 35: 155-169.
Ahn, I-Y., Malouf, R. & Lopez, G. 1993. Enhanced larval settlement of the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria by the gem clam Gemma gemma. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 99: 51-59.
Alcala, A.C. & Russ, G.R. 1990. A direct test of the effects of protective management on abundance and yield of tropical marine resources. J.Cons.Int.Explor.Mer, 46: 40-47.
Allisson, G.W., Lubchenco, J. & Carr, M.H. 1998. Marine reserves are necessary but not sufficient for marine conservation. Ecol.Appl., 8: S79-S92.
Andrew, N.L., Agatsuma, Y., Ballesteros, E., Bazhin, A.G., Creaser, E.P., Barnes, D.K.A., Botsford, L.W., Bradbury, A., Campbell, A., Dixon, J.D., Einarsson, S., Gerring, P.K., Hebert, K., Hunter, M., Hur, S.B., Johnson, C.R., Juinio-Menez, M.A., Kalvass, P., Miller, R.J., Moreno, C.A., Palleiro, J.S., Rivas, D., Robinson, S.M.L., Schroeter, S.C., Steneck, R.S., Vadas, R.L., Woodby, D.A. & Xiaoqi, Z. 2002. Status and management of world sea urchin fisheries. Ocean.Mar.Biol., 40: 343-425.
Annala, J. 1993. Fishery assessment processes in New Zealand’s ITQ system. In G. Kruse, D.M. Eggers, R.J. Marasco, C. Pautzke & T.J. Quinn II, eds. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Management Strategies for Exploited Fish Populations, pp. 791-806. University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
Anonymous. 2000. Sustainability indicators in marine capture fisheries: papers derived from a Technical Consultation organized by the Australian Department of Primary Industries and Energy and FAO. Australia, 18-22 January, 1999. Mar.Freshwater Res., 51(5).
Ansell, A.D. 1983. The biology of the genus Donax. In A. McLachlan & T. Erasmus, eds. Sandy Beaches as Ecosystems, pp. 607-636. W. Junk, The Hague.
Ansell, A.D., Dao, J. & Mason, J. 1991. Three European scallops: Pecten maximus, Chlamys (Aequipecten) opercularis and C. (Chlamys) varia. In S. Shumway ed. Scallops: Biology, Ecology and Aquaculture, 2: 715-751. Elsevier, Amsterdam. Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science.
Anthony, V.C. & Caddy, J.F. 1980. Proceedings of the Canada-US Workshop on Status of Assessment Science for N.W. Atlantic Lobster (Homarus americanus) Stocks, St. Andrews. Can.Tech.Rep.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 923: 186 pp.
Aoyama, S. 1989. The Mutsu Bay scallop fisheries: scallop culture, stock enhancement and resource management. In J.F. Caddy ed. Marine Invertebrate Fisheries: Their Assessment and Management, pp. 525-539. J. Wiley and Sons, New York.
Appeldoorn, R.S. 1988. Ontogenetic changes in natural mortality rate of queen conch, Strombus gigas L. in southwest Puerto Rico. Bull.Mar.Sci., 42: 159-165.
Appleyard, C.L. & Dealteris, J.T. 2002. Growth of the northern quahog, Mercenaria mercenaria, in an experimental-scale upweller. J.Shellfish Res., 21: 3-12.
Arena, G., Barea, L. & Defeo, O. 1994. Theoretical evaluation of trap capture for stock assessment. Fish.Res., 19: 349-362.
Arkhipkin, A.I. 1988. A comparative analysis of subyear growth increments in squid statoliths and fish otoliths. Biologicheskie nauki, 1988, N11Q 5-16.
Arntz, W.E., Brey, T., Tarazona, J. & Robles, A. 1987. Changes in the structure of a shallow sandy-beach community in Peru during an El Niño event. In A.I. Payne, J.A. Gulland & K.H. Bink eds. The Benguela and Comparable Ecosystems, pp. 645-658. SouthAfr.J.Mar.Sci., 5
Babaran, R.P., Espinosa, R.A. & Abalos, T.U. 1998. Initiating and triggering mechanisms causing harmful algal blooms. J.Shellfish.Res., 17: 1623-1626.
Bailly, D. 1991. Bioeconomic modelling and resource distribution (Workshop Report). ICES Mar.Sci.Symp., 192: 247-248.
Bannister, R.C.A. 1991. Stock enhancement (Workshop Report). ICES Mar.Sci.Symp., 192: 191-192.
Bannister, R.C.A. & Addison, J.T. 1998. Enhancing lobster stocks: a review of recent European methods, results, and future prospects. Bull.Mar.Sci., 62: 369-387.
Bannister, R.C.A. & Pawson, M.G. 1991. A perspective on the management of enhanced fish and shellfish stocks in the territorial seas of England and Wales. ICES Mar.Sci.Symp., 192: 191-192.
Bannister, R.C.A., Addison, J.T. & Lovewell, S.R.J. 1994. Growth, movement, recapture rate and survival of hatchery-reared lobsters (Homarus gammarus Linnaeus, 1758) released into the wild on the English east coast. Crustaceana, 67: 156-172.
Basson, M., Beddington, J.R., Crombie, J.A., Holden, S.J., Purchase, L.V. & Tingley, G.A. 1996. Assessment and management techniques for migratory annual squid stocks: the Illex argentinus fishery in the Southwest Atlantic as an example. Fish.Res., 28: 3-27.
Bayne, B.L. 1964. The responses of the larvae of Mytilus edulis L. to light and to gravity. Oikos, 15: 162-174.
Bayne, B.L. 1976. Marine Mussels: Their Ecology and Physiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. International Biological Programme, 10: 506 pp.
Beal, B.F. & Kraus, M.G. 2002. Interactive effects of initial size, stocking density, and type of predator deterrent netting on survival and growth of cultured juveniles of the soft-shell clam, Mya arenaria L., in eastern Maine. Aquaculture, 208: 81-111.
Beal, B.F., Mercer, J.P. & O’Conghaile, A. 2002. Survival and growth of hatchery-reared individuals of the European lobster, Homarus gammarus (L.), in field-based nursery cages on the Irish west coast. Aquaculture, 210: 137-157
Beaumont, A. 2000. Genetic considerations in transfers and introductions of scallops. Aquacult.Int., 8: 493-512.
Beck, W.M. 1995. Size-especific shelter limitation in stone crabs: a test of the demographic bottleneck hypothesis. Ecology, 76: 968-980.
Bennett, D.B. 1974. Growth of the edible crab (Cancer pagurus L.) off south-west England. J.Mar.Biol.Assoc.UK, 54: 802-823.
Bertelsen, R.D. & Cox, C. 2001. Sanctuary roles in population and reproductive dynamics of Caribbean spiny lobster. Spatial processes and management of marine populations. In Proceedings of an International Symposium on Spatial Processes and Management of Marine Populations, pp. 591-606. University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
Beverton, R.J.H. & Holt, S.J. 1957. On the dynamics of exploited fish populations. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, UK. 533 pp.
Bhattacharya, C.G. 1967. A simple method of resolution of a distribution into Gaussian components. Biometrics, 23: 115-123.
Bizikov, V.A. 1991. A new method of squid age determination using the gladius. In P. Jereb, S. Ragonese & S. von Boletsky, eds. Squid Age Determination Using Statoliths, pp. 39-51. N.T.R.- I.T.P.P. Spec. Publ.
Blaber, S.J.M., Cyrus, D.P., Albaret, J.J., Ching, V.C., Day, J.W., Elliott, M., Fonseca, M.S., Hoss, D.E., Orensanz, J., Potter, I.C. & Silvert, W. 2000. Effects of fishing on the structure and functioning of estuarine and nearshore ecosystems. ICES J.Mar.Sci., 57: 590-602.
Blackburn, T.M., Lawton, J.H. & Perry, J.N. 1992. A method of estimating the slope of upper bounds of plots of body size and abundance in natural animal assemblages. Oikos, 65: 107-112.
Boddeke, R. 1989. Management of the brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) stock in Dutch coastal waters. In J.F. Caddy, ed. Marine Invertebrate Fisheries, Their Assessment and Management, pp. 35-62. J. Wiley and Sons, New York.
Boddeke, R. & Hagel, P. 1995. Eutrophication and productivity of the North Sea continental zone. In N.B. Armantrout & R.J. Wolotira, eds. Condition of the World’s Aquatic Habitats. Science Publishers Inc. Lebanon, USA. 411 pp.
Bombace, G., Fabi, G. & Fiorentini, L. 2000. Artificial reefs in the Adriatic Sea. In Artificial reefs in European Seas. Chapter 3, pp. 30-63. Khuver Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.
Booth, J.D., Carruthers, A.D., Bolt, C.D. & Stewart, R.A. 1991. Measuring depth of settlement in the red rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii. New Zeal.J.Mar.Freshwater Res., 25: 123-132.
Boothroyd, F.A. & Ennis, G.P. 1992. Reproduction in american lobsters Homarus americanus transplanted northward to St. Michaels Bay, Labrador. Fish.Bull., 90: 659-667.
Borsuk, M.E., Powers, S.P. & Peterson, C.H. 2002. A survival model of the effects of bottom-water hypoxia on the population density of an estuarine clam (Macoma balthica). Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 59: 1266-1274.
Botsford, L.W. 2001. Physical influences on recruitment to California Current invertebrate populations on multiple scales. ICES J.Mar.Sci., 58: 1081-1091.
Botsford, L.W., Castilla, J.C. & Peterson, C.H. 1997. The management of fisheries and marine ecosystems. Science, 277: 509-515.
Botsford, L.W., Micheli, F. & Hastings, A. 2003. Principles for the design of marine reserves. Ecol.Appl., 13: S25-S31.
Botsford, L.W., Quinn, J.F., Wing, S.R. & Brittnacher, J.G. 1993. Rotating spatial harvest of a benthic invertebrate, the red sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus. In G. Kruse, D.M. Eggers, R.J. Marasco, C. Pautzke & T.J. Quinn II, eds. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Management Strategies for Exploited Fish Populations, pp. 409-428. University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
Boulding, E.G. Boom, J.D.G. & Beckenbach, A.T. 1993. Genetic-variation in one bottlenecked and two wild populations of the Japanese scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis): empirical parameter estimates from coding regions of mitochondrial DNA. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 50: 1147-1157.
Bourne, N. 1964. Scallops and the offshore fishery of the Maritimes. Bull.Fish.Res.Bd.Can., 145: 60 pp.
Bradshaw, A.D. 1996. Underlying principles of restoration. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 53: 3-9.
Brand, A.R., Wilson, U.A.W., Hawkins, S.J., Allison, E.H. & Duggan, N.A. 1991. Pectinid fisheries, spat collection, and the potential for stock enhancement in the Isle of Man. ICES Mar.Sci.Symp., 192: 79-86.
Brazeiro, A. & Defeo, O. 1999. Effects of harvesting and density-dependence on the demography of sandy beach populations: the yellow clam Mesodesma mactroides of Uruguay. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 182: 127-135.
Bull, M.F. 1994. Enhancement and management of New Zealand’s "Southern scallop" fishery. In N.F. Bourne, B.L. Bunting & L.D. Townsend, eds. Proceedings of the 9th International Pectinid Workshop, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada. Can.Tech.Rep.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 2: 131-136.
Burton, R.S. & Tegner, M.J. 2000. Enhancement of red abalone Haliotis rufescens stocks at San Miguel Island: reassessing a success story. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 202: 303-308.
Bustamante, R. & Castilla, J.C. 1987. La pesquería de mariscos en Chile: un análisis de 26 años de desembarques (1960-1985). Biol.Pesq. (Chile) 16: 79-97.
Cabrera, J.L. & Defeo, O. 2001. Daily bioeconomic analysis in a multispecific artisanal fishery in Yucatan, Mexico. Aquat.Living Resour., 14: 19-28.
Caddy, J.F. 1970. A method of surveying scallop populations from a submersible. J.Fish.Res.Bd.Can., 27: 535-549.
Caddy, J.F. 1972. Size selectivity of the Georges Bank offshore dredge and mortality estimate for scallops from the northern edge of Georges in the period June 1970 to 1971. ICNAF Redbook: 79-85.
Caddy, J.F. 1975. Spatial model for an exploited shellfish population, and its application to the Georges Bank scallop fishery. J.Fish.Res.Bd.Canada, 32: 1305-1328.
Caddy, J.F. 1979a. Some considerations underlying definitions of catchability and fishing effort in shellfish fisheries, and their relevance for stock assessment purposes. Fish. Mar. Serv. Manuscr. Rep. 1489: 1-18.
Caddy, J.F. 1979b. Long-term trends and evidence for production cycles in the Bay of Fundy scallop fishery. In H.J. Thomas, ed. Population Assessments of Shellfish Stocks. Rapp. P.-V. Réun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer: 97-108.
Caddy, J.F. 1979c. The influence of variations in the seasonal temperature regime on survival of larval stages of the American lobster, (Homarus americanus) in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence. In H.J. Thomas, ed. Population Assessments of Shellfish Stocks, pp. 204-216. Rapp.P.-V.Cons.Int.Explor.Mer.
Caddy, J.F. 1981. Les pêches dans l’Atlantique Centre-Est. Quelques caractéristiques de l’aménagement des stocks de céphalopodes au large de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. Dakar, Projet COPACE, COPACE/TECH/81/37: 33 pp.
Caddy, J.F. 1986a. Modelling stock-recruitment processes in Crustacea: some practical and theoretical perspectives. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 43: 2330-2344.
Caddy, J.F. 1986b. Stock assessment in data-limited situations - the experience in tropical fisheries and its possible relevance to evaluation of invertebrate resources. In G.S. Jamieson and N. Bourne, eds. North Pacific Workshop on Stock Assessment and Management of Invertebrates. Can.Spec.Publ.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 92: 379-392.
Caddy, J. F. 1987. Size frequency analysis for Crustacea: moult increment and frequency models for stock assessment. Kuwait Bull.Mar.Sci., 9: 43-61.
Caddy, J.F. 1989a. Marine Invertebrate Fisheries: Their Assessment and Management. J. Wiley and Sons, New York. 752 pp.
Caddy, J.F. 1989b. A perspective on the population dynamics and assessment of scallop fisheries, with special reference to the sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus Gmelin. In J.F. Caddy ed. Marine Invertebrate Fisheries: Their Assessment and Management, pp. 559-590. J. Wiley and Sons, New York.
Caddy, J.F. 1989c. Recent developments in research and management for wild stocks of bivalves and gastropods. In J.F. Caddy ed. Marine Invertebrate Fisheries: Their Assessment and Management, pp. 665-700. J. Wiley and Sons, New York.
Caddy, J.F. 1991. Death rates and time intervals: is there an alternative to the constant natural mortality axiom? Rev.Fish Biol.Fisheries, 1: 109-138.
Caddy, J.F. 1993a. Towards a comparative evaluation of human impacts on fishery ecosystems of enclosed and semi-enclosed seas. Rev.Fish.Sci., 1: 57-95.
Caddy, J.F. 1993b. Background concepts for a rotating harvesting strategy with particular reference to the Mediterranean red coral, Corallium rubrum. Mar.Fish.Rev., 55: 10-18.
Caddy, J.F. 1996. Modelling natural mortality with age in short-lived invertebrate populations: definition of a strategy of gnomonic time division. Aquat.Living Resour., 9: 197-207.
Caddy, J.F. 1998. Issues in Mediterranean fisheries management: geographical units and effort control. GFCM Studies and Reviews, 70: 72 pp.
Caddy, J.F. 1999a. Fisheries management in the twenty-first century: will new paradigms apply? Rev.Fish Biol.Fisheries, 9: 1-43.
Caddy J.F. 1999b. Deciding on precautionary management measures for a stock based on a suite of Limit Reference Points (LRPs) as a basis for a Multi-LRP Harvest law. NAFO Sci.Coun.Studies, 32: 55-68.
Caddy, J.F. 1999c. A short review of precautionary reference points and some proposals for their use in data-poor situations. FAO Fish.Tech.Pap., 379: 30 pp.
Caddy, J.F. 2000a. A fisheries management perspective on marine protected areas in the Mediterranean. Environ.Conserv., 27: 98-103.
Caddy, J.F. 2000b. Marine catchment basin effects versus impacts of fisheries on semi-enclosed seas. ICES J.Mar.Sci., 57: 628-640.
Caddy, J.F. 2002. Viewpoint: limit reference points, traffic lights, and holistic approaches to fisheries management with minimal stock assessment input. Fish.Res., 56: 133-137.
Caddy, J.F. 2003. Scaling elapsed time: an alternative approach to modelling crustacean moulting schedules? Fish.Res., 63: 73-84.
Caddy, J.F. & Bakun, A. 1995. Marine catchment basins and anthropogenic effects on coastal fishery ecosystems. In FAO ed. Effects of riverine inputs on coastal ecosystems and fisheries resources, pp. 119-133. FAO Fish.Tech.Pap., 349
Caddy, J.F. & Carocci, F. 1999. The spatial allocation of fishing intensity by port-based fleets: a GIS application. ICES J.Mar.Sci., 56: 388-403.
Caddy, J.F. & Defeo, O. 1996. Fitting the exponential and logistic surplus yield models with mortality data: some explorations and new perspectives. Fish.Res., 25: 39-62.
Caddy, J.F. & Garcia, S. 1983. Production modelling without long data series. FAO Fish.Rep., 278: 309-313.
Caddy, J.F. & Garcia, S. 1986. Fisheries thematic mapping. A prerequisite for intelligent management and development of fisheries. Océanogr.Trop., 21: 31-52.
Caddy, J.F. & Griffiths, R.C. 1995. Living marine resources and their sustainable development: some environmental and institutional perspectives. FAO Fish.Tech.Pap., 353: 167 pp.
Caddy, J.F. & Gulland, J.A. 1983. Historical patterns of fish stocks. Mar.Pol., 7: 267-278.
Caddy, J.F. & Mahon, R. 1995. Reference points to fisheries management. FAO Fish.Tech.Pap., 347: 83 pp.
Caddy, J.F. & Rodhouse, P.G. 1998. Cephalopod and groundfish landings: evidence for ecological change in global fisheries? Rev.Fish Biol.Fisheries, 8: 431-444.
Caddy, J.F. & Seijo, J.C. 1998. Application of a spatial model to explore harvesting strategies for sedentary species. In G.S. Jamieson & A. Campbell, eds. Proceedings of the North Pacific Symposium on Invertebrate Stock Assessment and Management, pp. 359-365. Can.Spec.Publ.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 125.
Caddy, J.F. & Sharp, G.D. 1986. An ecological framework for marine fishery investigations. FAO Fish.Tech.Pap., 283: 152 pp.
Caddy, J.F. & Stamatopoulos, C. 1990. Mapping growth and mortality rates of crevice-dwelling organisms onto a perforated surface: the relevance of "cover" to the carrying capacity of natural and artificial habitats. Estuar.Coast.Shelf Sci., 31: 87-106.
Campbell, A. 1986. Migratory movements of ovigerous female lobster, Homarus americanus, tagged off grand Manan, Eastern Canada. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 43: 2197-2210.
Camus, P.A. & Lima, M. 2002. Populations, metapopulations, and the open-closed dilemma: the conflict between operational and natural population concepts. Oikos, 97: 433-438.
Caputi, N. 1993. Aspects of spawner recruit relationships, with particular reference to crustacean stocks - a review. Aust.J.Mar.Freshwater Res., 44: 589-607.
Caputi, N. & Brown, R.S. 1986. Prediction of recruitment in the western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) fishery based on indices of juvenile abundance. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 43: 2131-2139.
Carr, M.H. & Reed, D.C. 1993. Conceptual issues relevant to marine harvest refuges: examples from temperate reef fishes. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 50: 2019-2028.
Castel, J., Labourg, P.-J., Escaravage, V., Auby, I. & Garcia, M. 1989. Influence of seagrass beds and oyster parks on the abundance and biomass patterns of meio- and macrobenthos in tidal flats. Estuar.Coast.Shelf Sci., 28: 71-85.
Castilla, J.C. 1988. La problemática de la repoblación de mariscos en Chile: diagnóstico, estrategias y ejemplos. Invest.Pesq., (Chile) 35: 41-48.
Castilla, J.C. 1990. El erizo chileno Loxechinus albus: importancia pesquera, historia de vida, cultivo en laboratorio y repoblación natural. In A. Hernández, ed. Cultivo de Moluscos en América Latina. Memorias segunda reunión grupo de trabajo técnico, 7-11 Nov., Ancud (Isla de Chiloé-Chile), pp. 83-98. CIID-Canada, Bogotá, Colombia.
Castilla, J.C. 1993. Humans: capstone strong actors in the past and present coastal ecological play. In M.J. McDonnell & S.T.A. Pickett, eds. Humans as Components of Ecosystems. The Ecology of Subtle Human Effects and Populated Areas, pp. 158-162. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Castilla, J.C. 1994. The Chilean small-scale benthic shellfisheries and the institutionalization of new management practices. Ecol.Inter.Bull., 21: 47-63.
Castilla, J.C. 1997. Chilean resources of benthic invertebrates: fishery, collapses, stock rebuilding and the role of coastal management areas and National Parks. In D.A. Hancock, D.C. Smith, A. Grant & J.P. Beumer, eds. Developing and Sustaining World Fisheries Resources: The State of Science and Management. Second World Fisheries Congress Proceedings, pp. 130-135. CSIRO, Collingwood, Australia.
Castilla, J.C. 1999. Coastal marine communities: trends and perspectives from human-exclusion experiments. Trends Ecol.Evol., 14: 280-283.
Castilla, J.C. 2000. Roles of experimental marine ecology in coastal management and conservation. J.Exp.Mar.Biol.Ecol., 250: 3-21.
Castilla, J.C. & Bustamante, R. 1989. Human exclusion from the rocky intertidal of Las Cruces, Central Chile: effects on Durvillaea antarctica (phaeophyta, Curvilleales). Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 50: 203-214.
Castilla, J.C. & Defeo, O. 2001. Latin-American benthic shellfisheries: emphasis on co-management and experimental practices. Rev.Fish Biol.Fisheries, 11: 1-30.
Castilla, J.C. & Durán, R. 1985. Human exclusion from the rocky intertidal zone of Central Chile: the effects on C. concholepas (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Muricidae). Oikos, 45: 391-399.
Castilla, J.C. & Fernández, M. 1998. Small-scale benthic fisheries in Chile: on co-management and sustainable use of benthic invertebrates. Ecol.Applic., 8: S124-S132.
Castilla, J.C. & Pino, C. 1996. The small-scale fishery of the red sea urchin, Loxechinus albus (Molina, 1782), in Chile and the Management and Exploitation Area of "Caleta" El Quisco. Out of the Shell, 5: 5-8.
Castilla, J.C. & Schmiede, P. 1979. Hipótesis de trabajo sobre la existencia de zonas marítimas tampones en relación a recursos marinos bentónicos (mariscos y algas) en la costa de Chile continental. In V.A. Gallardo, ed. Seminario Taller sobre Desarrollo e Investigación de los Recursos Marinos de la Octava Región, Chile, 145-167. Universidad de Concepción, Chile.
Castilla, J.C., Manriquez, P., Rosson, A., Espoz, C., Soto, R., Pino, C., Oliva, D. & Defeo, O. 1993. Problemas futuros relacionados con el uso de las áreas de manejo y explotación de recursos bentónicos otorgadas a las comunidades de pescadores artesanales en Chile. In G. Martínez & C. Godoy, eds. Taller Area de Manejo. Ediciones Universitarias, pp. 77-101. Universidad Católica de Valparaíso - SERNAP.
Castilla, J.C., P. Manríquez, J. Alvarado, A. Rosson, C. Pino, C. Espoz, R. Soto, D. Oliva & O. Defeo. 1998. The artisanal caletas as unit of production and basis for community-based management of benthic invertebrates in Chile. In G.S. Jamieson & A. Campbell, eds. Proceedings of the North Pacific Symposium on Invertebrate Stock Assessment and Management. Can.Spec.Publ.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 125: 407-413.
Cerrato, R.M. 2000. What fish biologists should know about bivalve shells. Fish.Res., 46: 39-49.
Cerrato, R.M., Wallace, H.V.E. & Lightfoot, K.G. 1991. Tidal and seasonal patterns in the chondrophore of the soft-shell clam Mya arenaria. Biol.Bull., 181: 307-311.
Chen, Y. & M. Hunter. 2003. Assessing the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis) stock in Maine, USA. Fish.Res., 60: 527-537.
Chua, T.-E. 1997. Sustainable aquaculture and integrated coastal management. In J.E. Bardach, ed. Sustainable Aquaculture, pp. 177-199. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Clark, C.W. 1974. Possible effects of schooling on the dynamics of exploited fish populations. J.Cons.Int.Explor.Mer., 36: 7-14.
Clark, W.G. 1991. Groundfish exploitation rates based on life history parameters. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 48: 734-750.
Cobb, J.S. & Caddy, J.F. 1989. The population biology of decapods. In J.F. Caddy, ed. Marine Invertebrate Fisheries: Their Assessment and Management, pp. 327-374. J. Wiley and Sons, New York
Coe, W.R. 1953. Resurgent populations of littoral marine invertebrates and their dependence on ocean currents and tidal currents. Ecology, 34:225-229.
Coe, W.R. 1956. Fluctuations in populations of littoral marine invertebrates. J.Mar.Res., 15: 212-232.
Coen, L.D. & Luckenbach, M.W. 2000. Developing success criteria and goals for evaluating oyster reef restoration: ecological function or resource exploitation? Ecol.Eng., 15: 323-343.
Coles, R.G., Lee Long, W.J., Squire, B.A., Squire, L.C., & Bibby, J.M. 1987. Distribution of seagrasses and associated juvenile commercial penaeid prawns in north-eastern Queensland waters. Aust.J.Mar.Freshwater Res., 38: 103-119.
Conan, G.Y. 1984. Do assumptions commonly used for modelling populations of finfish apply to shellfish species? ICES Shellfish Committee. C.M. 1984/K. 49: 21 pp.
Conan, G.Y. 1985. Assessment of shellfish stocks by geostatistical techniques. ICES Shellfish Committee. C.M. 1985/K. 30: 24 pp.
Conan, G.Y. 1986. Summary of session 5: recruitment enhancement. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 2384-2388.
Connell, J.H. 1985. The consequences of variation in initial settlement vs. post-settlement mortality in rocky intertidal communities. J.Exp.Mar.Biol.Ecol., 93:11-45.
Connell, J.H. & Slatyer, R.O. 1977. Mechanisms of succession in natural communities and their role in community stability and organization. Am.Nat., 111: 1119-1144.
Cowen, R.K., Lwiza, K.M.M., Sponaugle, S., Paris, C.B. & Olson, D.B. 2000. Connectivity of marine populations: open or closed? Science, 287: 857-859.
Cowx, I.G. 1994. Stocking strategies. Fish.Manag.Ecol., 1: 15-30.
Cowx, I.G. & Welcomme, R.L. 1998. Rehabilitation of rivers for fish. FAO Fishing news Books. 260 pp.
Crowe, T.P., Dobson, G., & Lee, C.L. 2001. A novel method for tagging and recapturing animals in complex habitats and its use in research into stock enhancement of Trochus niloticus. Aquaculture, 194: 383-391.
Davenport, J., Ekaratne, S.U.K., Walgama, S.A., Lee, D., & Hillis, J.M. 1999. Successful stock enhancement of a lagoon prawn fishery at Rekawa, Sri Lanka using cultured post-larvae of penaeid shrimp. Aquaculture, 180: 65-78.
Davis, G.E. 1989. Designated harvest refugia: the next stage of marine fishery management in California. Calif.Coop.Oceanic Fish.Invest., 30: 53-58.
de Leiva Moreno, J.I., Agostini, V.N., Caddy, J.F. & Carocci, F. 2000. Is the pelagic-demersal ratio from fishery landings a useful proxy for nutrient availability? A preliminary data exploration for the semi-enclosed seas around Europe. ICES J.Mar.Sci., 57: 1091-1102.
de Waal, S. & Cook, P.A. 2001. Use of a spreadsheet model to investigate the dynamics and the economics of a seeded abalone population. J.Shellfish Res., 20: 863-866.
Defeo, O. 1989. Development and management of artisanal fishery for yellow clam Mesodesma mactroides in Uruguay. Fishbyte, 7: 21-25.
Defeo, O. 1993a. The effect of spatial scales in population dynamics and modelling of sedentary fisheries: the yellow clam Mesodesma mactroides of an uruguayan exposed sandy beach. Ph.D. Thesis. Cinvestav-IPN. Mérida, México. 308 pp.
Defeo, O. 1993b. Repopulation of coastal invertebrates through the management on natural areas: a successful example. Out of the Shell, 3: 11-13.
Defeo, O. 1996a. Experimental management of an exploited sandy beach bivalve population. Rev.Chil.Hist.Nat., 69: 605-614.
Defeo, O. 1996b. Recruitment variability in invertebrates, with emphasis in exposed sandy beach populations: a review. Rev.Chil.Hist.Nat., 69: 615-630.
Defeo, O. 1998. Testing hypotheses on recruitment, growth and mortality in exploited bivalves: an experimental perspective. In G.S. Jamieson & A. Campbell, eds. Proceedings of the North Pacific Symposium on Invertebrate Stock Assessment and Management, pp. 257-264. Can.Spec.Publ.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 125.
Defeo, O. 2003. Marine invertebrate fisheries in sandy beaches: an overview. J.Coast.Res. (SI), 35: in press.
Defeo, O. & Caddy, J.F. 2001. Evaluating a dynamic approach to yield-mortality models. ICES J.Mar.Sci., 58: 1253-1260.
Defeo, O. & Cardoso, R. 2002. Macroecology of population dynamics and life history traits of the mole crab Emerita brasiliensis in Atlantic sandy beaches of South America. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 239: 169-179.
Defeo, O. & Castilla, J.C. 1998. Harvesting and economic patterns in the artisanal Octopus mimus (Cephalopoda) fishery in a northern Chile cove. Fish.Res., 38: 121-130.
Defeo, O. & de Alava, A. 1995. Effects of human activities on long term trends in sandy beach populations: the wedge clam Donax hanleyanus in Uruguay. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 123: 73- 82.
Defeo, O. & Seijo, J.C. 1999. Yield-mortality models: a precautionary bioeconomic approach. Fish.Res., 40: 7-16.
Defeo, O. & Rueda, M. 2002. Spatial structure, sampling design and abundance estimates in sandy beach macroinfauna: some warnings and new perspectives. Mar.Biol., 140: 1215-1225.
Defeo, O., E. Ortiz & J.C. Castilla. 1992. Growth, mortality and recruitment of the yellow clam Mesodesma mactroides in Uruguayan beaches. Mar.Biol., 114: 429-437.
Defeo, O., de Alava, A., Valdivieso, V. & Castilla, J.C. 1993. Historical landings and management options for the genus Mesodesma in coasts of South America. Biol.Pesq. (Chile) 22: 41-54.
Defeo, O., Seijo, J.C., Euan, J., & Liceaga, M. 1991. Dinámica espacial del esfuerzo pesquero en una pesquería artesanal de la costa atlántica uruguaya. Invest.Pesq., (Chile) 36: 17-25.
Dennison, W.C., Orth, R.J., Moore, K.A., Stevenson, J.C., Carter, C., Kollar, S., Bergstrom, P.W. & Batiuk, R.A. 1993. Assessing water quality with submerged vegetation: habitat requirements as barometers of Chesapeake Bay health. Bioscience, 43: 86-94.
Diaz, R.J. & Rosenberg, R. 1995. Marine benthic hypoxia: a review of its ecological effects and the behavioural responses of benthic macrofauna. Oceanogr.Mar.Biol.Ann.Rev., 33: 245-303.
Dijkema, R., Bol, J. & Vrooland, C.S. 1987. Enhancement of the production of cockles (Cerastoderma edule L.) by thinning out a dense natural bed and reseeding, Oosterschelde, SW Netherlands. ICES C.M. 1987/K:12, Shellfish Committee: 14 pp.
Dixon, J.A & Sherman, P.B. 1991. Economics of protected areas. Ambio, 20: 68-74.
Ducrotoy, J-P. Rybarczyk, H., Souprayen, J., Bachelet, G., Beukema, J.J., Desprez, M., Dõrjes, J., Essink, K., Guillou, J., Michaelis, H., Sylvand, B., Wilson, J.G., Elkaïm, B. & Ibanez, F. 1991. A comparison of the population dynamics of the cockle (Cerastoderma edule, L.) in North-Western Europe. In M. Elliott & J.-P. Ducrotoy, eds. Estuaries and Coasts: Spatial and Temporal Intercomparisons. Proceedings of the 19th Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association Symposium, pp. 173-184. Olsen & Olsen. Denmark.
Durán, L.R. & Castilla, J.C. 1989. Variation and persistence of the middle rocky intertidal community of Central Chile, with and without human harvesting. Mar.Biol., 103: 555-562.
Dye, A.H., Lasiak, T.A. & Gabula, S. 1997. Recovery and recruitment of the brown mussel, Perna perna (L.), in Transkei: implications for management. S.Afr.J.Zool., 32: 118-123.
Efford, I.E. 1970. Recruitment to sedentary marine populations as exemplified by the sand crab, Emerita analoga (Decapoda, Hippidae). Crustaceana, 18: 293-308.
Eggleston, D.B. & Dahlgren., C.P. 2001. Distribution and abundance of Caribbean spiny lobsters in the Key West National Wildlife Refuge: relationship to habitat features and impact of an intensive recreational fishery. Mar.Freshwater Res., 52: 1567-1576.
Ennis, G.P. 1986. Stock definition, recruitment variability, and larval recruitment processes in the American lobster, Homarus americanus: a review. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 43: 2072-2084.
Ennis, G.P. & Fogarty, M.J. 1997. Recruitment overfishing reference point for the American lobster, Homarus americanus. Mar.Freshwater Res., 48: 1029-1034.
Estes, J.A. & Palmisano, J.F. 1974. Sea otters: their role in structuring nearshore communities. Science, 185: 1058-1060.
Estevez, E.D. 2002. Review and assessment of biotic variables and analytical methods used in estuarine inflow studies. Estuaries, 25: 1291-1303.
FAO. 1995. Precautionary approach to fisheries. Part 1: Guidelines on the precautionary approach to capture fisheries and species introductions. Elaborated by the Technical Consultation on the Precautionary Approach to Capture Fisheries (Including Species Introductions). Lysekil, Sweden, 6-13 June 1995. Rome. FAO Fish.Tech.Pap., No. 350, Part 1: 52 pp.
FAO. 1996. Precautionary approach to fisheries. Part 2: scientific papers. Prepared for the Technical Consultation on the Precautionary Approach to Capture Fisheries (Including Species Introductions). Lysekil, Sweden, 6-13 June 1995. Rome. FAO Fish.Tech.Pap., No. 350, Part 2: 210 pp.
FAO. 1999. Indicators for sustainable development of marine capture fisheries. FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries, 8: 68 pp.
FAO. 2001. Second technical consultation on the suitability of the CITES criteria for listing commercially exploited aquatic species. FAO Background Document for the 2nd Technical Consultation on the suitability of CITES criteria for listing commercially exploited aquatic species. FAO Doc. FI:SLC2/2001/2: 19 pp.
Fernández, M. & Castilla, J.C. 1997. The Chilean artisanal stone crab (Homalaspis plana): catch trends in open access zones and the effect of management areas in Central Chile. J.Shellf.Res., 16: 371-377.
Fernández, M. & Castilla, J.C. 2000. Recruitment of Homalaspis plana in intertidal habitats of Central Chile and implications for the current use of Management and Marine Protected Areas. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 208: 157-170.
Fiori, S. & Cazzaniga, N. 1999. Mass mortality of the yellow clam, Mesodesma mactroides (Bivalvia, Mesodesmatidae) in Monte Hermoso beach, Argentina. Biol.Conserv., 89: 305-309.
Foerster, R.E. 1954. On the relation of adult sokeye salmon (Oncorhyncus nerka) returns to know smolt seaward migrations. J.Fish.Res., Bd.Can., 11: 339-350.
Fogarty, M.J. & Idoine, J.S. 1988. Application of a yield and egg per recruit model based on size to an offshore American lobster population. Trans.Am.Fish.Soc., 117: 350-362.
Fogarty, M.J., & S.A. Murawski. 1986. Population dynamics and assessment of exploited invertebrate stocks. In G.S. Jamieson and N. Bourne, eds. North Pacific Workshop on stock assessment and management of invertebrates. Can.Spec.Publ.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 92: 228-244.
Folke, C. & Kautsky, N. 1989. The role of ecosystems for a sustainable development of aquaculture. Ambio, 18: 234-243.
Fournier, D.A. & Breen, P.A. 1983. Estimation of abalone mortality rates with growth analysis. Trans.Am.Fish.Soc., 112: 403-411.
Fox, W.W. 1970. An exponential surplus yield model for optimizing exploited fish populations. Trans.Am.Fish.Soc., 99: 80-88.
Frank, K.T., Perry, R.I. & Drinkwater, K.F. 1990. The predicted response of Northwest Atlantic invertebrate and fish stocks to CO2-induced climate change. Trans.Am.Fish.Soc., 119: 353-365.
Fréchette, M.M. 1991. Carrying capacity and density dependence. Workshop Report. ICES Mar.Sci.Symp., 192: 78.
Fréchette, M. & Bacher, C. 1998. A modelling study of optimal stocking density of mussel populations kept in experimental tanks. J.Exp.Mar.Biol.Ecol., 219: 241-255.
Fréchette, M. & Lefaivre, D. 1990. Discriminating between food and space limitation in benthic suspension feeders using self-thinning relationships. Mar.Ecol.Progr.Ser., 65: 15-23.
Fréchette, M. & Lefaivre, D. 1995 On self-thinning in animals. Oikos, 73: 425-428.
Fréchette, M., P. Bergeron & P. Gagnon. 1996. On the use of self-thinning relationships in stocking experiments. Aquaculture, 145: 91-112.
Friedman, C.S., Andree, K.B., Beauchamp, K.A., Moore, J.D., Robbins, T.T., Shields, J.D. & Hedrick, P.P. 2000. "Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis", a newly described pathogen of abalone, Haliotis spp., along the west coast of North America. Int.J.Syst.Evol.Micr., 50: 847-855.
Fu, C., Quinn II, T.J. & Shirley, T.C. 2001. The role of sex change, growth and mortality in Pandalus population dynamics and management. ICES J.Mar.Sci., 58: 607-621.
Fulton, E.A., Smith, A.D.M. & Johnson, C.R. 2003. Effect of complexity on marine ecosystem models. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 253: 1-16.
Gabriel, W.L., Sissenwine, M.P. & Overholtz, W.J. 1989. Analysis of spawning stock biomass per recruit: an example for Georges Bank haddock. N.Amer.J.Fish.Manag., 9: 383-391.
Gaffney, P.M. & Bushek. D. 1996. Genetic aspects of disease resistance in oysters. J.Shellfish Res., 15: 135-140.
Gaines, S.D. & Bertness, M. 1993. The dynamics of juvenile dispersal - why field ecologists must integrate. Ecology, 74: 2430-2435.
Gaines, S.D., Gaylord, B. & Largier, J.L. 2003. Avoiding current oversights in marine reserve design. Ecol.Appl., 13: S32-S46.
Galleguillos, R.A. & Troncoso, L.S. 1991. Protein variation in the Chilean-Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus (L.). In S.E. Shumway & P.A. Sandifer, eds. An International Compendium of Scallop Biology and Culture, pp. 146-150.
Garcia, S. 1983. The stock-recruitment relationship in shrimps: reality or artefacts and misinterpretations? Oceanogr.Trop., 18: 25-48.
Garcia, S.M. & Staples, D.J. 2000. Sustainability reference systems and indicators for responsible marine capture fisheries: a review of concepts and elements for a set of guidelines. Mar.Freshwater Res., Vol.51: 385-426.
Garcia, S.M., Staples, D.J. & Chesson, J. 2000. The FAO guidelines for the development and use of indicators for sustainable development of marine capture fisheries and an Australian example of their application. Ocean Coast.Manag., 43: 537-556.
Gayanilo, F.C. Jr. & Pauly, D. 1997. FAO-ICLARM stock assessment tools. Reference Manual. FAO computerized information series (Fisheries), Rome 8: 262 pp.
Geaghan, J.P. & Castilla, J.C. 1986. Use of catch and effort data for parameters estimates for the loco (Concholepas concholepas) fishery in Central Chile. In G.S. Jamieson & N. Bourne, eds. North Pacific Workshop on Stock Assessment and Management of Invertebrates. Can.Spec.Publ.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 92: 168-174.
Gilbert, D.J., Annala, J.H. & Johnston, K. 2000. Technical background to fish stock indicators for state-of-environment reporting in New Zealand. Mar.Freshwater Res., 51: 451-464.
Gimbel, K.L. (ed.) 1994. Limiting access to marine fisheries: keeping the focus on conservation. Center for Marine Conservation and World Wildlife Fund, Washington DC: 316 pp.
Goldberg, R., Pereira, J. & Clark, P. 2000. Strategies for enhancement of natural bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians, populations; a case study in the Niantic River estuary, Connecticut, USA. Aquac.Int. 8: 139-158.
González, E. 1996. Territorial use rights in Chilean fisheries. Mar.Res.Econ., 11: 211-218.
Goodyear, C.P. 1980. Compensation in fish populations. In C.H. Hocutt & J.R. Stauffer Jr. eds. Biological monitoring of fish, pp. 253-280. Lexington Books, D.H. Heath & Co., Mass. USA.
Grimes, C.B. 1998. Marine stock enhancement: sound management or techno-arrogance? Fisheries, 23: 18-23.
Guiñez, R. & Castilla, J.C. 1999. A tridimensional self-thinning model for multilayered intertidal mussels. Am.Nat., 154: 341-357.
Guiñez, R. & Castilla, J.C. 2001. An allometric tridimensional model of self-thinning for a gregarious tunicate. Ecology, 82: 2331-2341.
Gulland, J.A. & Boerema, L.K. 1973. Scientific advice on catch levels. Fish.Bull., 71: 325-335.
Gutiérrez, N. & Defeo, O. 2003. Development of a new scallop Zygochlamys patagonica fishery in Uruguay: latitudinal and bathymetric patterns in biomass and population structure. Fish.Res., 62: 21-36.
Haddon, M. 2001. Modelling and quantitative methods in fisheries. Chapman and Hall/CRC. Boca Raton. 406 pp.
Hadley, N.H., Baldwin, R.B. Devoe, M.R. & Rhodes, R. 1999. Performance of a tidal-powered upwelling nursery system for northern quahogs (hard clams) (Mercenaria mercenaria) in South Carolina. J.Shellfish Res., 18: 555-560.
Hall, M.A. 1983. A spatial approach to the population dynamics of the manila clam (Tapes philippinarum). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Washington. 244 pp.
Halliday, R.G., Fanning, L.P. & Mohn, R.K. 2001. Use of the Traffic Light Method in fishery management planning. CSAC Res.Doc., 108: 41 pp.
Hancock, D.A. 1973. The relationship between stock and recruitment in exploited invertebrates. Rapp.P.-V.Réun.Cons.Int.Explor.Mer., 164: 113-131.
Hancock, D.A. 1979. Population dynamics and management of shellfish stocks. Rapp.P.-V. Reun.Cons.Int.Explor.Mer., 175: 8-19.
Hancock, D.A. & Urquhart, A.E. 1965. The determination of natural mortality and its causes in an exploited population of cockles (Cardium edule L.). Fish.Invest.Lond.Ser.II. 24: 1-40.
Hanna, S.S. 1994. Co-management. In K.L. Gimbel, ed. Limiting Access to Marine Fisheries: Keeping the Focus on Conservation. Center for Marine Conservation and World Wildlife Fund, pp. 233-242. Washington, D.C.
Hannah, R.W. & Jones, S.A. 1991. Fishery-induced changes in the population structure of pink shrimp Pandalus jordani. Fish.Bull., 89: 41-51.
Hannesson, R. 1986. Optimal thinning of a year class with density-dependent growth. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 43: 889-892.
Hannesson, R. 1998. Marine reserves: what would they accomplish? Mar.Res.Econ., 13: 159-170.
Hart, D.R. 2003. Yield- and biomass-per-recruit analysis for rotational fisheries, with an application to the Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus). Fish.Bull., 101: 44-57.
Hasselblad, V. 1966. Estimation of parameters for a mixture of normal distributions. Technometrics, 8: 431-444.
Hastings, A. & Botsford, L.W. 2003. Comparing designs of marine reserves for fisheries and for biodiversity. Ecol.Appl., 13: S65-S70.
Heasman, M.P., O'Connor, W.A., Frazer, A.W., Languet, Y. & O'Connor, S.J. 2002. Alternative means of nursery culture for commercial scallop (Pecten fumatus Reeve) spat. Aquaculture, 213: 323-338
Hébert, M., Miron, G., Moriyasu, M. Vienneau, R. & DeGrace, P. 2001. Efficiency and ghost fishing of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) traps in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Fish.Res., 52: 143-153.
Heipel, D.A., Bishop, J.D.D. & Brand, A.R. 1999. Mitochondrial DNA variation among open-sea and enclosed populations of the scallop Pecten maximus in western Britain. J.Mar.Biol.,Assoc.U.K., 79: 687-695.
Heipel, D.A., Bishop, J.D.D. Brand, A.R. & Thorpe, J.P. 1998. Population genetic differentiation of the great scallop Pecten maximus in western Britain investigated by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 162: 163-171.
Heppell, S.S. & Crowder, L.B. 1998. Prognostic evaluation of enhancement projects using population models and life history analysis. Bull.Mar.Sci., 62: 495-507.
Herrenkind, W.F., Butler IV, M.J., Hunt, J.H. & Childress, M. 1997. Role of physical refugia: implications from a mass sponge die-off in a lobster nursery in Florida. Mar.Freshwater Res., 48: 759-769.
Hewitt, J.E., Legendre, P., McArdle, B.H., Thrush, S.F., Bellehumeur, C. & Lawrie, S.M. 1997. Identifying relationships between adult and juvenile bivalves at different spatial scales. J.Exp.Mar.Biol.Ecol., 216: 77-98
Hickman, R.W., Illingworth, J., Forman, J. & Kendrick, T.H. 1999. A pump-pot nursery system for rearing juvenile New Zealand dredge oysters Tiostrea lutaria. Aquac.Res., 30: 673-680.
Hilborn, R. 2002. Marine reserves and fisheries management. Science, 295: 1233-1234.
Hilborn, R. & Peterman, R.M. 1996. The development of scientific advice with incomplete information in the context of the precautionary approach. In Precautionary Approach to Fisheries. Part 2: Scientific papers. FAO Fish.Tech.Pap., (350/2): 77-101.
Hilborn, R. & Walters, C.J. 1992. Quantitative Fisheries Stock Assessment. Choice, Dynamics and Uncertainty. Chapman and Hall, New York. 570 pp.
Hilborn, R., Pickitch, E.K. & Francis, R.C. 1993. Current trends in including risk and uncertainty in stock assessment and harvest decisions. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 50: 874-880.
Hilden, M. 1993. Reference points for fisheries management: the ICES experience. In S.J. Smith, J.J. Hunt & D. Rivard, eds. Risk Evaluation and Biological Reference Points for Fisheries Management. Can.Spec.Publ.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 120: 59-66.
Holling, C.S. (ed.). 1978. Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management. J. Wiley and Sons, New York. 377 pp.
Holloway, M.G. & Keough, M.J. 2002. An introduced polychaete affects recruitment and larval abundance of sessile invertebrates. Ecol.Appl., 12: 1803-1823.
Holm, E.R. 1990. Effects of density-dependent mortality on the relationship between recruitment and larval settlement. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 60: 141-146.
Iribarne, O., Armstrong, D., Palacios, R. & Fernández, M. 1992. Ecological effects of adding bivalve shell to intertidal soft-bottom areas. Northwest Environ.J., 8: 153-154.
Iribarne, O.O., Lasta, M.I., Vacas, H.C., Parma, A.M. & Pascual, M.S. 1991. Assessment of abundance, gear efficiency and disturbance in a scallop dredge fishery: results of a depletion experiment. In S.E. Shumway & P.A. Sandifer, eds. An International Compendium of Scallop Biology and Culture. World Aquacult.Soc., 1: 242-248.
IUCN, 1988. Proceedings of the 17th session of the General Assembly of IUCN and the 17th technical meeting. San Jose, Costa Rica, 1-10 February 1988. Gland, Switzerland.
Iversen, E.S. & Jory, D.E. 1997. Mariculture and enhancement of wild populations of queen conch (Strombus gigas) in the western Atlantic. Bull.Mar.Sci., 60: 929-941.
Jagtap, T.G., Chavan, V.S. & Untawale, A.G. 1993. Mangrove ecosystems of India - a need for protection. Ambio, 22: 252-254.
James, P.S.B.R. 1999. Shrimp farming development in India - an overview of environmental, socio-economic, legal and other implications. Online publication of Aquaculture Magazine, Dec. 1999 (www.ioa.com/aquamag). http://www.ioa.com/~aquamag/html/featart.html.
Jamieson, G. 1986. A perspective on invertebrate fisheries management - the British Columbia experience. In G.S. Jamieson & N. Bourne, eds. North Pacific Workshop on Stock Assessment and Management of Invertebrates. Can.Spec.Publ.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 92: 57-74.
Jamieson, G.S. & Caddy, J.F. 1986. Research advice and its application to management of invertebrate resources: an overview. In G.S. Jamieson & N. Bourne, eds. North Pacific Workshop on Stock Assessment and Management of Invertebrates. Can.Spec.Publ.Fish. Aquat.Sci., 92: 117-123.
Jennings, S., Kaiser, M.J. & Reynolds, J.D. 2001. Marine Fisheries Ecology. Blackwell Science, Oxford. 417 pp.
Jensen, A.C., Collins, K.J., Free, E.K. & Bannister, R.C.A. 1994. Lobster (Homarus gammarus) movement on an artificial reef - the potential use of artificial reefs for stock enhancement. Crustaceana, 67: 198-211.
Jentoft, S., McCay, B.J. & Wilson, D.C. 1998. Social theory and fisheries co-management. Mar.Pol., 22: 423-436.
Johannes, R.E. 1998. The case for data-less marine resource management: examples from tropical nearshore finfisheries. Trends Ecol.Evol., 13: 243-246.
Jones, R. 1984. Assessing the effects of changes in exploitation pattern using length composition data (with notes on VPA cohort analysis). FAO Fish.Tech.Pap., 256: 118 pp.
Ju, S.J., Secor, D.H. & Harvey, H.R. 2001. Growth rate variability and lipofuscin accumulation rates in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 224: 197-205.
Kaiser, M.J., Laing, I., Uting, S.D. & Burnell, G.M. 1998. Environmental impacts of bivalve mariculture. J.Shellfish Res., 17: 59-66.
Kitada, S. & Fujishima, H. 1997. The stocking effectiveness of scallop in Hokkaido. Nippon Suisan Gakk., 63: 686-693.
Kitada, S., Kishino, H. & Taga, Y. 1993. Estimates of stocking effectiveness evaluated by a 2-stage sampling survey of commercial landings. Nippon Suisan Gakk., 59: 67-73.
Kitada, S., Taga, Y. & Kishino, H. 1992. Effectiveness of a stock enhancement program evaluated by a two-stage sampling survey of commercial landings. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 49: 1573-1582.
Klinck, J.M., Powell, E.N., Kraeuter, J.N. & Ford, S.E. 2001. A fisheries model for managing the oyster fishery during times of disease. J.Shellfish Res., 20: 977-989.
Koeller, P., Savard, L., Parsons, D.G. & Fu, C. 2000. A precautionary approach to assessment and management of shrimp stocks in the Northwest Atlantic. J.Northw.Atl.Fish.Sci., 27: 235-246.
Koenig, C.C. & Coleman, F.C. 1998. Absolute abundance and survival of juvenile gag, Mycteroperca microlepis, in seagrass beds of the N.E. Gulf of Mexico. Trans.Am.Fish.Soc., 127: 44-55.
Kristensen, P.S. & Hoffmann, E. 1991. Investigations on transplantation and culture of blu mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) in bottom culture plots in Limfjoerd, Denmark. ICES Mar.Sci.Symp., 192: 87-92.
Kruse, G.H. 1992. Biological perspectives on crab management in Alaska. In Proceedings of the Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium, Management Strategies for Exploited Fish Populations, pp. 355-384. University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
Kruse, G.H. & Zheng, J. 1999. Are changes in Bering Sea crab and groundfish populations related? In Proceedings of Symposium on Ecosystem Approaches for Fisheries Management, pp. 143-148. University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
Lake, N.C.H., Jones, M.B. & Paul, J.D. 1987. Crab predation on scallop (Pecten maximus) and its implications for scallop cultivation. J.Mar.Biol. Ass.UK, 67: 55-64.
Lambert, W.J., Todd, C.D. & Thorpe, J.P. 2003. Genetic population structure of two intertidal nudibranch molluscs with contrasting larval types: temporal variation and transplant experiments. Mar.Biol., 142: 461-471.
Langton, R.W., Steneck, R.S. Gotceita, V., Juanes, F. & Lawton, P. 1996. The interface between fisheries research and habitat interactions. N.Am.J.Fish.Man., 16: 1-7.
Largier, J.L. 2003. Considerations in estimating larval dispersal distances from oceanographic data. Ecol.Appl., 13: S71-S89.
Larkin, P.A. 1978. Fisheries management - an essay for ecologist. Ann.Rev.Ecol.Syst., 9: 57-73.
Larkin, P.A. 1984. Strategies for multispecies management. In R.M. May, ed. Exploitation of Marine Communities, pp. 287-301. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Larkin, P.A. 1991. Mariculture and fisheries: future prospects and partnerships. ICES Mar.Sci.Symp., 191: 6-14.
Lasta, M.L. & Iribarne, O.O. 1997. Southern Atlantic scallop (Zygochlamys patagonica) fishery: assessment of gear efficiency through a depletion experiment. J.Shellfish Res., 16: 59-62.
Lauck, T. 1996. Uncertainty in fisheries management. In D.V. Gordon & G.R. Munro, eds. Fisheries and Uncertainty: a Precautionary Approach to Resource Management, pp. 91-106. University of Calgary Press, Alberta.
Lauck, T., Clark, C.W., Mangel, M. & Munro, G. 1998. Implementing the precautionary principle in fisheries management through marine reserves. Ecol.Appl., 8: S72-S78.
Le Reste, L. 1992. Pluviometrie et captures de crevettes Penaeus notialis dans l’estuaire de la Casamance (Senegal) entre 1962 et 1984. Aquat.Living Resour., 5: 233-248.
Legendre, P. 1993. Spatial autocorrelation: trouble or new paradigm? Ecology, 74: 1659-1673.
Legendre, P. & Legendre, L. 1998. Numerical ecology. Developments in environmental modelling. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 853 pp.
Lenihan, H.S. & Peterson, C.H. 1998. How habitat degradation through fishery disturbance enhances impacts of hypoxia on oyster reefs. Ecol.Appl., 8: 128-140.
Lenihan, H.S., Peterson, C.H., Byers, J.E., Grabowski, J.H., Thayer, G.W. & Colby, D.R. 2001. Cascading of habitat degradation: Oyster reefs invaded by refugee fishes escaping stress. Ecol.Appl., 11: 764-782.
Lercari, D. & Defeo, O. 1999. Effects of freshwater discharge in sandy beach populations: the mole crab Emerita brasiliensis in Uruguay. Estuar.Coast.Shelf Sci., 49: 457-468.
Lesica, P. & Allendorf, F.W. 1995. When are peripheral populations valuable for conservation? Conserv.Biol., 9: 753-760.
Lewis, R.I. & Thorpe, J.P. 1994. Are queen scallops, Aequipecten (Chlamys) opercularis (L.), self recruiting? In N.F. Bourne, B.L. Bunting & L.D. Townsend, eds. Proceedings of the 9th International Pectinid Workshop, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada, April 22-27, 1993. 1: 214-221.
Liermann, M. & Hilborn, R. 2001. Depensation: evidence, models and implications. Fish and Fisheries, 2: 33-58.
Lima, M., Brazeiro, A. & Defeo, O. 2000. Dynamics of a yellow clam (Mesodesma mactroides) population: recruitment variability, density-dependence and stochastic processes. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 207, 97-108.
Linnane, E. & Mercer, J.P. 1998. A comparison of methods for tagging juvenile lobsters (Homarus gammarus L.) reared for stock enhancement. Aquaculture, 163: 195-202.
Linnane, A., Ball, B., Mercer, J.P., Browne, R., van der Meeren, G., Ringvold, H., Bannister, C., Mazzoni, D. & Munday, B. 2001. Searching for the early benthic phase (EBP) of the European lobster: a trans-European study of cobble fauna. Hydrobiologia, 465: 63-72.
Lipcius, R.N., Stockhausen, W.T., & Eggleston, D.B. 2001. Marine reserves for Caribbean spiny lobster: empirical evaluation and theoretical metapopulation recruitment dynamics. Mar.Freshwater Res., 52: 1589-1598.
Lipcius, R.N., Stockhausen, W.T., Eggleston, D.B., Marshall Jr., L.S. & Hickey, B. 1997. Hydrodynamic decoupling of recruitment, habitat quality and adult abundance in the Caribbean spiny lobster: source-sink dynamics? Mar.Freshwater Res., 48: 807-815.
Lomovasky, B.J., Morriconi, E., Brey, T. & Calvo, J. 2002. Individual age and connective tissue lipofuscin in the hard clam Eurhomalea exalbida. J.Exp.Mar.Biol.Ecol., 276: 83-94.
Lutz, R.A. & Rhoads, D.C. 1980. Growth patterns within the molluscan shell. An overview. In D.C. Rhoads & R.A. Lutz, eds. Skeletal Growth of Aquatic Organisms, 203-254. Plenum Press, New York.
MacCall, A.D. 1990. Dynamic Geography of Marine Fish Populations. U. Washington Press, Seattle. 153 pp.
MacDonald, P.D.M. & Pitcher, T.J. 1979. Age groups from size frequency data: a versatile and efficient method. J.Fish.Res.,Bd.Can., 36: 987-1001.
Mace, P.M. 1994. Relationships between common biological reference points used as thresholds and targets of fisheries management strategies. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 51: 110-122.
Mace P.M. & Sissenwine, M.P. 1993. How much spawning per recruit is enough? In S.J. Smith, J.J. Hunt & D. Rivard, eds. Risk Evaluation and Biological Reference Points for Fisheries Management. Can.Spec.Publ.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 120: 110-118.
MacFarlane, S.L. 1996. Shellfish as the impetus for embayment management. Estuaries, 19: 311-319.
MacFarlane, S.L. 1998. The evolution of a municipal quahog (hard clam), Mercenaria mercenaria management program, a 20-year history: 1975-1995. J.Shellfish Res., 17: 1015-1036.
Mackie, L.A. & Ansell, A.D. 1993. differences in reproductive ecology in natural and transplanted populations of Pecten maximus - evidence for the existence of separate stocks J.Exp.Mar.Biol.Ecol., 169: 57-75.
Mahon, R., Almerigia, S., McConney, P. Parker, C. & Brewster, L. 2003. Participatory methodology used for sea urchin co-management in Barbados. Ocean Coast.Manag., 46: 1-25.
Malkina-Pykh, I.G. 2000. From data and theory to environmental models and indices formation. Ecol.Model., 130: 67-77.
Maller, R.A. 1990. Some aspects of a mixture model for estimating the boundary of a set of data. J. du Conseil, 46: 140-147.
Manson, F.J. & Die, D.J. 2001. Incorporating commercial fishery information into the design of marine protected areas. Ocean Coast.Manag., 44: 517-530.
Mantjoro, E. 1996. Management of traditional common fishing grounds: the experience of the Para Community, Indonesia. Coast.Manag., 24: 229-250.
Manuel, J.L., Burbridge, S., Kenchington, E.L., Ball, M. & O’Dor, R.K. 1996. Veligers from two populations of scallop Placopecten magellanicus exhibit different vertical distributions in the same mesocosm. J.Shellfish Res., 15: 251-257.
Marquet, P.A., Navarrete, S.A. & Castilla, J.C. 1995. Body size, population density, and the energetic equivalence rule. J.Anim.Ecol., 66: 325-332.
Marshall, T.R. 1996. A hierarchical approach to assessing habitat suitability and yield potential of lake trout. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 53: 332-341.
Masuda, R. & Tsukamoto, K. 1998. Stock assessment in Japan: review and perspective. Bull.Mar.Sci., 62: 337-358.
May, R. 1994. The effects of spatial scale on ecological questions and answers. In P.J. Edwards, R.M. May & N.R. Webb, eds. Large-Scale Ecology and Conservation Biology, pp. 1-17. Blackwell, Oxford.
Maynou, F.X., Sardà, F. & Conan, G.Y. 1998. Assessment of the spatial structure and biomass evaluation of Nephrops norvegicus (L.) populations in the northwestern Mediterranean by geostatistics. ICES J.Mar.Sci., 55: 102-120.
McAllister, M.K. & Peterman, R.M. 1992. Experimental design in the management of fisheries: a review. North Am.J.Fish.Manag., 12: 1-18.
McCay, B.J. 1989. Co-management of a clam revitalization project: the New Jersey "Spawner Sanctuary Program". In E. Pinkerton, ed. Co-operative Management of Local Fisheries: New Directions for Improved Management and Community Development, pp. 103-124. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver.
McGarvey, R. & Willison, J.H.M. 1995. Rationale for a marine protected area along the international boundary between U.S. and Canadian waters in the Gulf of Maine. In N. Shackell & J.H.M. Willison, eds. Marine Protected Areas and Sustainable Fisheries, pp. 74-81. Science and Management of Protected Areas Association, Wolfville, Canada.
McGarvey R, Levings, A.H. & Matthews, J.M. 2002. Moulting growth of the Australian giant crab, Pseudocarcinus gigas. Mar.Freshwater Res., 53: 869-881.
McGarvey, R., Serchuk, F.M. & McLaren, I.A. 1992. Statistics of reproduction and early life history survival of the Georges Bank sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) population. J.Northw.Atl.Fish.Sci., 13: 83-99.
McGarvey, R., Serchuk, F.M. & McLaren, I.A. 1993. Spatial and parent-age analysis of stock-recruitment in the Georges Bank sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) population. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 50: 564-574.
McLachlan, A., Dugan, J., Defeo, O., Ansell, A., Hubbard, D., Jaramillo, E. & Penchaszadeh, P. 1996. Beach clam fisheries. Oceanog.Mar.Biol.Ann.Rev., 34: 163-232.
Menge, B.A., Daley, B.A., Lubchenco, J., Sanford, E., Dahlhoff, E., Halpin, P.M., Hudson, G. & Burnaford, J.L. 1999. Top-down and bottom-up regulation of New Zealand rocky intertidal communities. Ecol.Monogr., 69: 297-330.
Millar, R.B. 2002. Reference priors for Bayesian fisheries models. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 59: 1492-1502.
Miller, D.L. 1994. Learning from the Mexican experience: area apportionment as a potential strategy for limiting access and promoting conservation of the Florida lobster fishery. In K.L. Gimbel, ed. Limiting Access to Marine Fisheries: Keeping the Focus on Conservation, pp. 187-196. CMC/WWF. Washington, D.C.
Minn, I. & Castilla, J.C. 1995. Small-scale artisanal fishing and benthic invertebrate management in Caleta Las Cruces, Central Chile. Out of the Shell, 5: 11-15.
Molloy, D.P. 1998. The potential for using biological control technologies in the management of Dreissena spp. J.Shellfish Res., 17: 177-183.
Moreno, C.A., Lunecke, K. & Lépez, M.I. 1986. The response of an intertidal Concholepas concholepas (Gastropoda) population to protection from man in southern Chile and the effects on benthic sessile assemblages. Oikos, 46: 359-364.
Moreno, C.A., Sutherland, J.P. & Jara, H.F. 1984. Man as a predator in the intertidal zone of southern Chile. Oikos, 42: 155-160.
Moreno, C.A., Godoy, C., Villouta, E. & Lépez, I. 1987. Explotación de recursos bentónicos litorales: una alternativa derivada de la protección de áreas. In P. Arana, ed. Manejo y Desarrollo Pesquero, pp. 51-58. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Unversidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile.
Morse, D.R., Lawton, J.H., Dodson, M.M. & Williamson, M.H. 1985. Fractal distribution of vegetation and the distribution of arthropod body lengths. Nature, 314: 731-733.
Muller, F., Hoffmann-Kroll, R. & Wiggering, H. 2000. Indicating ecosystem integrity - theoretical concepts and environmental requirements. Ecol.Model., 130: 13-23.
Murawski, S.A., Rago, P.J. & Trippel, E.A. 2001. Impacts of demographic variation in spawning characteristics on reference points for fishery management. ICES J.Mar.Sci., 58: 1002-1014.
Myers, R.A., Fuller, S.D. & Kehler, D.G. 2000. A fisheries management strategy robust to ignorance: rotational harvest in the presence of indirect fishing mortality. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 57: 2357-2362.
Myers, R.A., Barrowman, N.J., Hilborn, R. & Kehler, D.G. 2002. Inferring Bayesian priors with limited direct data: applications to risk analysis. North Am.J.Fish.Manag., 22: 351-364.
Myers, R.A., Rosenberg, A.A., Mace, P.M., Barrowman, N. & Restrepo, V.R. 1994. In search of thresholds for recruitment overfishing. ICES J.Mar.Sci., 51: 191-205.
Naidu, K.S. 1988. Estimating mortality rate in the Iceland scallop, Chlamys islandica (O.F.Muller). J.Shellfish Res., 7: 61-71.
Nakata, H. 1995. Production enhancement and its implications for the restoration of marine biodiversity in the coastal waters of Japan. FAO Fish.Circ. No. 889: 32 pp.
National Research Council. 1992. Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems: Science, Technology, and Public Policy. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
Navarrete, S.A., Broitman, B., Wieters, E.A., Finke, G.R., Venegas, R.M. & Sotomayor, A. 2002. Recruitment of intertidal invertebrates in the southeast Pacific: interannual variability and the 1997-1998 El Niño. Limnol.Oceanog., 47: 791-802.
Naylor, R.L., Goldburg, R.J., Primavera, J., Kautsky, N., Beveridge, M.C.M., Clay, J., Folke, C., Lubchenko, J., Mooney, H. & Troell, M. 2001. Effects of aquaculture on world fish supplies. Issues in Ecology, 8: 14.
Noble, B.F. 2000. Institutional criteria for co-management. Mar.Pol., 24: 64-77.
Norkko, A., Cummings, J.V., Thrush, S.F., Hewitt, J.E. & Hume, T. 2001. Local dispersal of juvenile bivalves: implications for sandflat ecology. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 212: 131-144.
Northcote, T.G. 1995. Comparative biology and management of Arctic and European grayling (Salmonidae, Thymallus). Rev.Fish Biol.Fisheries, 5: 141-194.
O’Connor, T.P. 2002. National distribution of chemical concentrations in mussels and oysters in the USA. Mar.Environ.Res., 53: 117-143.
Odebrecht, C., Rörig, L., Garcia, V.T. & Abreu, P.C. 1995. Shellfish mortality and a red tide event in southern Brazil. In P. Lassus, ed. Harmful Marine Algal Blooms, pp. 213-218. Springer-Verlag. New York.
Ogawa, J. 1988. Programa nacional de repoblación de recursos marinos en Japón. Aspectos generales. Invest.Pesq. (Chile) 35: 13-28.
Oliva, D. & Castilla, J.C. 1986. The effect of human exclusion on the population structure of keyhole limpets Fisurella crassa and Fissurella limbata on the coast of central Chile. P.Z.N.I. Mar.Ecol., 7: 201-217.
Olivier, S. & Penchaszadeh, P. 1968. Efectivos de almeja amarilla (Mesodesma mactroides) en las costas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y pautas para su explotación racional. Proyecto Desarrollo Pesquero FAO, Serv.Inf.Tec., 8: 6 pp.
Olivier, S., Capezzani, D., Carreto, J., Christiansen, H., Moreno, V., de Moreno, J.A. & Penchaszadeh, P. 1971. Estructura de la comunidad, dinámica de la población y biología de la almeja amarilla (Mesodesma mactroides) en Mar Azul. Proyecto Desarrollo Pesquero FAO, Serv.Inf.Tec., 27: 90 pp.
Olla, B.L., Davis, L.W. & Ryer, C.H. 1998. Understanding how the hatchery environment represses or promotes the development of behavioral survival skills. Bull.Mar.Sci., 62: 531-550.
Orensanz, J.M. 1986. Size, environment and density: the regulation of a scallop stock and its management implications. In G.S. Jamieson & N. Bourne, eds. North Pacific Workshop on Stock Assessment and Management of Invertebrates. Can.Spec.Publ.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 92: 195-227.
Orensanz, J.M. & Jamieson, G.S. 1998. The assessment and management of spatially structured stocks: an overview of the North pacific Symposium on Invertebrate Stock Assessment and Management. In G.S. Jamieson & A. Campbell, eds. Proceedings of the North Pacific Symposium on Invertebrate Stock Assessment and Management. Can.Spec.Publ.Fish. Aquat.Sci., 125: 441-459.
Orensanz, J.M., Parma, A.M. & Hall, M. 1998. The analysis of concentration and crowding in fisheries research. In G.S. Jamieson & A. Campbell, eds. Proceedings of the North Pacific Symposium on Invertebrate Stock Assessment and Management. Can.Spec.Publ.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 125: 143-157.
Orensanz, J.M., Parma, A.M. & Iribarne, O.O. 1991. Population dynamics and management of natural stocks. In S.E. Shumway, ed. Scallops: Biology, Ecology and Aquaculture. Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, 21: 625-713.
Orensanz, J.M., Armstrong, J., Armstrong, D. & Hilborn, R. 1998. Crustacean resources are vulnerable to serial depletion - the multifaceted decline of crab and shrimp fisheries in the Greater Gulf of Alaska. Rev.Fish Biol.Fisheries, 8: 117-176.
Orensanz, J.M., Parma, A.M., Turk, T., & Valero, J. 2003. Dynamics, assessment and management of exploited natural populations. In S.E. Shumway, ed. Scallops: Biology, Ecology and Aquaculture. 2nd Edition. Elsevier. Amsterdam: in press.
Orensanz, J.M., Schwindt, E., Pastorino, G., Bortolus, A., Casas, G., Darrigran, G., Elías, R., López Gappa, J.J., Obenat, S., Pascual, M., Penchaszadeh, P., Piriz, M.L., Scarabino, F., Spivak, E.D., & Vallarino, E.A. 2002. No longer the pristine confines of the world ocean: a survey of exotic marine species in the southwestern Atlantic. Biol.Invasions, 4: 115-143.
Paine, R.T. 1994. Marine rocky shores and community ecology: an experimentalist's perspective. Ecology Institute, Oldendorf. 152 pp.
Palacios, R., Armstrong, D.A. & Orensanz, J.L. 2000. Fate and legacy of an invasion: extinct and extant populations of the soft-shell clam (Mya arenaria) in Grays Harbor (Washington). Aquat.Conserv., 10: 279-303.
Palacios, R., Orensanz, J.L. & Armstrong, D.A. 1994. Seasonal and lifelong variation of SR/CA ratio in shells of Mya arenaria from Grays Harbor (Washington): an ancillary criterion in demographic studies. Estuar.Coast.Shelf Sci., 39: 313-327.
Palumbi, S.R. 2003. Population genetics, demographic connectivity, and the design of marine reserves. Ecol.Appl., 13: S146-S158.
Parrish, F.A. & Polovina, J.J. 1994. Habitat thresholds and bottlenecks in production of the spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus) in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Bull.Mar.Sci., 54: 151-163.
Parsons, G.J. & Dadswell, M.J. 1992. Effect of stocking density on growth, production, and survival of the giant scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, held in intermediate suspension-culture in Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick. Aquaculture, 103: 291-309.
Pauly, D. & Morgan, G.R. 1987. Length-based methods in fisheries research. ICLARM Conf.Proc., 13: 468 pp.
Pauly, D., Christensen, V. & Walters, C. 2000. Ecopath, Ecosim, and Ecospace as tools for evaluating ecosystem impact of fisheries. ICES J.Mar.Sci., 57: 697-706.
Pauly, D., Moreau, J. & Abad, N. 1995. Comparison of age structure and length-converted catch curves of brown trout Salmo trutta in two French rivers. Fish.Res., 22: 197-204.
Pauly, D., Christensen, V., Dalsgaard, J., Froese, R. & Torres, F. 1998. Fishing down marine food webs. Science, 279: 860-863
Pauly, D., Palomares, M.L., Froese, R., Sa-a, P., Vakily, M., Preikshot, D. & Wallace, S. 2001. Fishing down Canadian aquatic food webs. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 58: 51-62.
Payne, H.E. & Castilla, J.C. 1994. Socio-biological assessment of common-property resource management: small-scale fishing unions in Central Chile. Out of the Shell, 4: 10-14.
Penn, J.W., Hall, N.G. & Caputi, N. 1989. Resource assessment and management perspectives of the penaeid prawn fisheries of western Australia. In J.F. Caddy, ed. Marine Invertebrate Fisheries: Their Assessment and Management, pp. 115-140. J. Wiley & Sons, New York.
Pérez, E. & Defeo, O. 1996. Estimación de riesgo e incertidumbre en modelos de producción captura-mortalidad. Biol.Pesq. (Chile), 25: 3-15.
Pérez-Castañeda, R. & Defeo, O. 2003. A reciprocal model for mortality at length in juvenile pink shrimps (Farfantepenaeus duorarum) in a coastal lagoon of Mexico. Fish.Res., 63: (in press).
Perry, R.I., Walters, C.J. & Boutillier, J.A. 1999. A framework for providing scientific advice for the management of new and developing invertebrate fisheries. Rev.Fish Biol.Fisheries, 9: 125-150.
Peterson, C.H. 1985. Patterns of lagoonal bivalve mortality after heavy sedimentation and their paleoecological significance. Paleobiology, 11: 139-153.
Peterson, C.H. 2002. Recruitment overfishing in a bivalve mollusc fishery: hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) in North Carolina. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 59: 96-104.
Peterson, C.H. & Black, R. 1988. Density-dependent mortality caused by physical stress interacting with biotic history. Am.Nat., 131: 257-270.
Peterson, C.H. & Black, R. 1993. Experimental tests of the advantages and disadvantages of high-density for two coexisting cockles in a southern-ocean lagoon. J.Anim.Ecol., 62: 614-633.
Peterson, C.H. & Summerson, H.C. 1992. Basin-scale coherence of population dynamics of an exploited marine invertebrate, the bay scallop: implications of recruitment limitation. Mar.Ecol.Progr.Ser., 90: 257-272.
Peterson, C.H., Summerson, H.C. & Luettich Jr., R.A. 1996. Response of bay scallops to spawner transplants: a test of recruitment limitation. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 132: 93-107.
Petitgas, P. 1993. Geostatistics for fish stock assessments: a review and an acoustic application. ICES J.Mar.Sci., 50: 285-298.
Petitgas, P. 2001. Geostatistics in fisheries survey designs and stock assessment: models, variances and applications. Fish and Fisheries, 2: 231-249.
Pfister, C.A. & Bradbury, A. 1996. Harvesting red sea urchins: recent effects and future predictions. Ecol.Appl., 6: 298-310.
Phillips, B.F., Melville-Smith, R., Cheng, Y.W. & Rossbach, M. 2001. Testing collector designs for commercial harvesting of western rock lobster (Panilirus cygnus) puerulus. Mar.Freshwater Res., 52: 1465-1473.
Pinkerton, E.W. 1994. Local fisheries co-management: a review of international experiences and their implications for salmon management in British Columbia. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 51: 2363-2378.
Pinkerton, E.W. 1999. Factors in overcoming barriers to implementing co-management in British Columbia salmon fisheries. Conserv.Ecol. [online] 3(2): 2. (Available at www.consecol.org/vol3/iss2/art2).
Pinnegar, J.K., Polunin, N.V.C., Francour, P., Badalamenti, F., Chemello, R., Harmelin-Vivien, M.-L., Hereu, B., Milazzo, M., Zabala, M., D’Anna, G. & Pipitone, C. 2000. Trophic cascades in benthic marine ecosystems: lessons for fisheries and protected-area management. Environ.Conserv., 27: 179-200.
Pino, C. & Castilla, J.C. 1995. The key-hole limpets (Fisurella spp.) in the Chilean artisanal fishery. Out of the Shell, 5: 8-10.
Planes, S., Galzin, R., Garcia Rubies, A., Goni, R., Harmelin, J.-G., Le Direach, L., Lenfant, P. & Quetglas, A. 2000. Effects of marine protected areas on recruitment processes with special reference to Mediterranean littoral systems. Environ.Conserv., 27: 126-143.
Polacheck, T. 1990 Year around closed areas as a management tool. Nat.Res.Model., 4: 327-354.
Polis, G.A., Sears, A.L.W., Huxel, G.R., Strong, D.R. & Maron, J. 2000. When is a trophic cascade a trophic cascade? Trends Ecol.Evol., 15: 473-475.
Pomeroy, R.S. & Williams, M.J. 1994. Fisheries co-management and small-scale fisheries: a policy brief. ICLARM Contrib. N°1128, Manila. 15 pp.
Poulin, E., Palma, A.T., Leiva, G., Narvaez, D., Pacheco, R., Navarrete, S.A. & Castilla, J.C. 2002a. Avoiding offshore transport of competent larvae during upwelling events: the case of the gastropod Concholepas concholepas in Central Chile. Limnol.Oceanog., 47: 1248-1255.
Poulin, E., Palma, A.T., Leiva, G., Narvaez, D., Pacheco, R., Navarrete, S.A. & Castilla, J.C. 2002b. Temporal and spatial variation in the distribution of epineustonic competent larvae of Concholepas concholepas along the central coast of Chile. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 229: 95-104.
Power, M.D. & Newlands, N. 1999. A report on historical, human-induced changes in Newfoundland’s fisheries ecosystem. In Proceedings of Symposium on Ecosystem Approaches for Fisheries Management, 391-404. University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
Power, M.E., Tilman, D., Estes, J.A., Menge, B.A., Bond, W.J., Scott Mills, L., Daily, G., Castilla, J.C., Lubchenco, J. & Paine, R.T. 1996. Challenges in the quest for keystones. Bioscience, 46: 609-620.
Primavera, J.H. 1991. Intensive prawn farming in the Philippines: ecological, social and economic implications. Ambio, 20: 28-33.
Prince, J.D. 1989. The fisheries biology of the tasmanian stocks of Haliotis rubra. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Tasmania. 174 pp.
Prince, J.D. 1992. Using a spatial model to explore the dynamics of an exploited stock of the abalone Haliotis rubra. In S.A. Shepherd, M.J. Tegner & S.A. Guzmán del Proo, eds. Abalone of the World. Biology, Fisheries and Culture, pp. 305-317. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Abalone. Fishing News Books, Cambridge Scientific Publications, Cambridge.
Prince, J.D. & Hilborn, R. 1998. Concentration profiles and invertebrate fisheries management. In G.S. Jamieson & A. Campbell, eds. Proceedings of the North Pacific Symposium on Invertebrate Stock Assessment and Management. Can.Spec.Publ.Fish. Aquat.Sci., 125: 187-196.
Prince, J.D., Walters, C., Ruiz-Avila, R. & Sluczanowski, P. 1998. Territorial user’s rights and the Australian abalone (Haliotis sp.) fishery. In G.S. Jamieson & A. Campbell, eds. Proceedings of the North Pacific Symposium on Invertebrate Stock Assessment and Management. Can.Spec.Publ.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 125: 367-375.
Probert, P.K. 1984. Disturbance, sediment stability, and trophic structure of soft-bottom communities. J.Mar.Res., 42: 893-921.
Punt, A.E. & Hilborn, R. 1996. Biomass dynamic models. User’s Manual. FAO computerized information series (Fisheries), Rome, 10: 62 pp.
Quayle, D.B. & Newkirk, G.F. 1989. Farming bivalve molluscs: methods for study and development. Advances in World Aquaculture, 1: 294 pp.
Raimondi, P.T. 1990. Patterns, mechanisms, consequences of variability in settlement and recruitment of an intertidal barnacle. Ecol.Monogr., 60: 283-309.
Raimondi, P.T., Melissa Wilson, C., Ambrose, R.F., Engle, J.M. & Minchinton, T.E. 2002. Continued declines of black abalone along the coast of California: are mass mortalities related to El Niño events? Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 242: 143-152.
Ray, M., Stoner, A.W., & O’Connell, S.M. 1994. Size-specific predation of juvenile queen conch Strombus gigas - implications for stock enhancement. Aquaculture, 128: 79-88.
Ray-Culp, M., Davis, M. & Stoner, A. 1997. The micropredators of settling and newly settled queen conch (Strombus gigas Linnaeus). J.Shellfish Res., 16: 423-428.
Regier, H.A., Tuunainen, P., Russek, Z. & Persson, L.E. 1988. Rehabilitative redevelopment of the fish and fisheries of the Baltic Sea and the Great Lakes. Ambio, 17: 121-130.
Rheault, R.B. & Rice, M.A. 1996. Food-limited growth and condition index in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin 1791), and the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians (Lamarck 1819). J.Shellfish Res., 15: 271-283.
Rice, M.A., Valliere, A. & Caporelli, A. 2000. A review of shellfish restoration and management projects in Rhode Island. J.Shell Fish.Res., 19: 401-408.
Ricker, W.E. 1975. Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bull.Fish.Res.Bd.Can., 191: 382 pp.
Roa, R. & Tapia, F. 2000. Cohorts in space: geostatistical mapping of the age structure of the squat lobster Pleuroncodes monodon population off central Chile. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 196: 239-251.
Robertson, A.I. & Duke, N.C. 1987. Mangroves as nursery sites: comparisons of the abundance and species composition of fish and crustaceans in mangroves and other nearshore habitats in tropical Australia. Mar.Biol., 96: 193-205.
Robinson, M. & Tully, O. 2000. Seasonal variation in community structure and recruitment of benthic decapods in a sub-tidal cobble habitat. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 206: 181-191.
Ropes, J.W. & Jearld, Jr., A. 1987. Age determination of ocean bivalves. In R.C. Summerfelt & G.E. Hall, eds. Age and Growth of Fish, pp. 517-526. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.
Rose, K.A., Cowan Jr, J.H., Winemiller, K.O., Myers, R.A. & Hilborn, R. 2001. Compensatory density dependence in fish populations: importance, controversy, understanding and prognosis. Fish and Fisheries, 2: 293-327.
Rosenberg, A., Mace, P., Thompson, G., Darcy, G., Clark, W., Collie, J., Gabriel, W., McCall, A., Methot, R., Powers, J., Restrepo, V., Wainwright, T., Botsford, L., Hoenig, J. & Stokes, K. 1994. Scientific review of definitions of overfishing in US fishery management plans. NMFS Tech.Mem., 205 pp.
Rubec, P.J., Christensen, J.D., Arnold, W.S., Norris, H., Steele, P. & Monaco, M.E. 1998. GIS and modelling: coupling habitats to Florida fisheries. J.Shell Fish.Res., 17: 1451-1457.
Rueda, M. & Urban, H.J. 1998. Population dynamics and fishery of the fresh-water clam Polymesoda solida (Corbiculidae) in Cienaga Poza verde, Salamanca Island, Colombian Caribbean. Fish.Res., 39: 75-86.
Rugolo, L.J., Knotts, K.S., Lange, K.M. & Crecco, V.A. 1998. Stock assessment of Chesapeake Bay blue crab (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun). J.Shell Fish.Res., 17: 493-517.
Russ, G.R. & Alcala, A.C. 1998. Natural fishing experiments in marine reserves 1983-1993: roles of life history and fishing intensity in family responses. Coral Reefs, 17: 399-416.
Sainsbury, K.J. 1988. The ecological basis of multispecies fisheries, and management of a demersal fishery in tropical Australia. In J.A. Gulland, ed. Fish Population Dynamics (2nd Edition), pp. 349-382. J. Wiley and Sons, New York.
Sainsbury, K.J., Campbell, R.A., Lindholm, R. & Whitelaw, A.W. 1997. Experimental management of an Australian multispecies fishery: examining the possibility of trawl-induced habitat modification. In E.L. Pikitch, D.D. Huppert & M.P. Sissenwine, eds. Global Trends: Fisheries Management, pp. 107-112. Am.Fish.Soc.Symp., 20, Bethesda, Maryland.
Saito, K. 1984.Ocean ranching of abalones and scallops in northern Japan. Aquaculture, 39: 361-373.
Sanders, M.J. & Beinssen, K.H.H. 1998. A comparison of management strategies for the rehabilitation of a fishery: applied to the fishery for blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra in the Western Zone of Victoria (Australia). Fish.Res., 38: 283-301.
Sandt, V.J. & Stoner, A.W. 1993. Ontogenic shift in habitat by early juvenile queen conch, Strombus gigas - patterns and potential mechanisms. Fish.Bull., 91: 516-525.
Schaefer, M.B. 1954. Some aspects of the dynamics of populations important to the management of commercial marine fisheries. Bull.Inter-Amer.Trop.Tuna Comm., 1: 27-56.
Scheding, K., Shirley, T., O’Clair, C.E. & Taggart, S.J. 2001. Critical habitat for ovigerous Dungeness crabs. In Proceedings of an International Symposium on Spatial Processes and Management of Marine Populations, pp. 431-445. University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
Scheibling, R.E. 1996. The role of predation in regulating sea urchin populations in eastern Canada. Oceanol.Acta, 19: 421-430.
Schiel, D.R. 1993. Experimental evaluation of commercial-scale enhancement of abalone Haliotis iris populations in New Zealand. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 97: 167-181.
Schiel, D.R. & Welden, B.A. 1987. Responses to predators of cultured and wild red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, in laboratory experiments. Aquaculture, 60: 173-188.
Schmid, A.A. 1989. Benefit-cost analysis. A Political Economy Approach. Westview Press, Boulder. 354 pp.
Schoeman, D.S. & Richardson, A.J. 2002. Investigating biotic and abiotic factors affecting recruitment of an intertidal clam on an exposed sandy beach using a generalized additive model. J.Exp.Mar.Biol.Ecol., 276: 67-81.
Schoeman, D.S., McLachlan, A. & Dugan, J.E. 2000. Lessons from a disturbance experiment in the intertidal zone of an exposed sandy beach. Estuar.Coast.Shelf Sci., 50: 869-884.
Seijo, J.C. 1993. Individual transferable grounds in a community managed artisanal fishery. Mar.Res.Econ., 8: 78-81.
Seijo, J.C., Caddy, J.F. & Euan, J. 1994. SPATIAL: Spatial dynamic in marine fisheries: a software package. FAO computerized information series, Fisheries, 6: 116 pp.
Seijo, J.C., Defeo, O. & de Alava, A. 1994. A multiple criterion optimization approach for the management of a multispecies fishery with ecological and technological interdependencies. In M. Antona, J. Catanzano & J. Sutinen eds. Proceedings of the Sixth Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, Paris, 1: 161-167.
Seijo, J.C., Defeo, O. & Salas, S. 1998. Fisheries Bioeconomics. Theory, Modelling and Management. Rome, FAO Fish.Tech.Pap., No. 368: 108 pp.
Selvamani, M.J.P., Degnan, S.M. & Degnan, B.N. 2001. Microsatellite genotyping of individual abalone larvae: parentage assignment in aquaculture. Mar.Biotechnol., 3: 478-485.
Shaklee, J.B. & Bentzen, P. 1998. Genetic identification of stocks of marine fish and shellfish. Bull.Mar.Sci., 62: 589-621.
Shatkin, G., Shumway, S.E. & Hawes, R. 1997. Considerations regarding the possible introduction of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) to the Gulf of Maine: a review of global experience. J.Shellfish Res.,16: 463-477.
Shears, N.T. & Babcock, R.C. 2003. Continuing trophic cascade effects after 25 years of no-take marine reserve protection. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 246: 1-16.
Sheehy, M.R.J. & Bannister, R.C.A. 2002. Year-class detection reveals climatic modulation of settlement strength in the European lobster, Homarus gammarus. Can.J.Fish. Aquat.Sci., 59: 1132-1143.
Sheehy, M.R.J., Shelton, P.M.J., Wickins, J.F., Belchier, M. & Gaten, E. 1996. Ageing the European lobster Homarus gammarus by the lipofuscin in its eyestalk ganglia. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 143: 99-111.
Shepherd, S.A. 1998. Studies on southern Australian abalone (genus Haliotis) - XIX: Long-term juvenile mortality dynamics. J.Shellfish Res., 17: 813-825.
Shepherd, S.A. & Baker, J.L. 1998. Biological reference points in an abalone (Haliotis laevigata) fishery. Can.Spec.Publ.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 50: 235-245.
Shepherd, S.A. & Breen, P.A. 1992. Mortality in abalone: its estimation, variability and causes. In S.A. Shepherd, M.J. Tegner & S.A. Guzmán del Proo, eds. Abalone of the World: Biology, Fisheries and Culture, pp. 276-304. Fishing New Books, Blackwell, Oxford.
Shepherd, S.A. & Brown, L.D. 1993. What is an abalone stock: implications for the role of refugia in conservation. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 50: 2001-2009.
Shepherd, S.A. & Rodda, K.R. 2001. Sustainability demands vigilance: evidence for serial decline of the greenlip abalone fishery and a review of management. J.Shellfish Res., 20: 829-841.
Shepherd, S.A., Rodda, K.R. & Vargas, K.M. 2001. A chronicle of collapse in two abalone stocks with proposals for precautionary management. J.Shellfish Res., 20: 843-856.
Shiota, K. & Kitada, S. 1992. Life history of swimming crab in Hiuchi-Nada, Seto Inland Sea estimated from marking experiments. Nippon Suisan Gakk. 58: 2297-2302.
Shumway, S.E. 1991. Scallops: Biology, Ecology and Aquaculture. Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science 21. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 1095 pp.
Simard. Y., Legendre, P., Lavoie, G. & Marcotte, D. 1992. Mapping, estimating biomass, and optimizing sampling programs for spatially autocorrelated data: case study of the northern shrimp (Pansalus borealis). Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 49: 32-45.
Sims, N.A. 1993. Pearl oysters. In A. Wright & L. Hill, eds. Nearshore Marine Resources of the South Pacific, pp. 414-423. Institute of Pacific Studies, Suva.
Sinclair, M. 1987. Marine Populations. Washington Sea Grant Program. University of Washington Press, Seattle. 252 pp.
Sinclair, M., Mohn, R.K., Robert, G. & Roddick, D.K. 1985. Considerations for the effective management of Atlantic scallops. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci.Tech.Rep., 1382: 1-113.
Sissenwine, M., Fogarty, M.J. & Overholtz, W.J. 1988. Some fisheries management implications of recruitment variability. In J.A Gulland, ed. Fisheries Population Dynamics, pp. 129-152. J. Wiley and Sons, New York.
Smith, B.D. & Botsford, L.W. 1998. Interpretation of growth, mortality, and recruitment patterns in size-at-age, growth increment, and size frequency data. In G.S Jamieson & A. Campbell, eds. Proceedings of the North Pacific Symposium on Invertebrate Stock Assessment and Management. Can.Spec.Publ.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 125: 125-139.
Smith, C.L. & McKelvey, R. 1986. Specialist and generalist: roles for coping with variability. North Am.J.Fish.Manag., 6: 88-99.
Sorokin, Y. 1993. Essay on ecological situation in the Black Sea. In GFCM (1993), Report of the second technical consultation on stock assessment in the Black Sea. Annex II. FAO Fish.Rep., No. 495: 45-59.
Sparholt, H., Larsen, L.I. & Nielsen, J.R. 2002. Verification of multispecies interactions in the North Sea by trawl survey data on Norway pout (Trisopterus esmarkii). ICES J.Mar.Sci., 59: 1270-1275.
Sparre, P. & Venema, S.C. 1992. Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment. Part 1. Manual. Rome. FAO Fish.Tech.Pap., 306/1, Rev.1: 376 pp.
Sparsis, M., Lin, J. & Hagood, R.W. 2001. Growth, survivorship, and nutrient uptake of giant clams (Tridacna) in aquaculture effluent. J.Shellfish Res., 20: 171-176.
Stachowicz J.J., Terwin, J.R., Whitlatch, R.B. & Osman, R.W. 2002. Linking climate change and biological invasions: ocean warming facilitates nonindigenous species invasions. P.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA., 99: 15497-15500.
Steneck, R.S., Graham, M.H., Bourque, B.J., Corbett, D., Erlandson, J.M., Estes, J.A. & Tegner, M.J. 2002. Kelp forest ecosystems: biodiversity, stability, resilience and future. Environ.Conserv., 29: 436-459.
Stevens, B.G. 2003. Settlement, substrate preference, and survival of red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815) glaucothoe on natural substrata in the laboratory. J.Exp.Mar.Biol.Ecol., 283: 63-78.
Stewart, M.J. & Creese, R.G. 2002. Transplants of intertidal shellfish for enhancement of depleted populations: preliminary trials with the New Zealand littleneck clam. J.Shellfish Res., 21: 21-27.
Stokebury, K.D.E. 2002. Estimation of sea scallop abundance in closed areas of Georges bank. Trans.Am.Fish.Soc., 131: 1081-1092.
Stoner, A.W. & Davis, M. 1994. Experimental out planting of juvenile queen conch, Strombus gigas - comparison of wild and hatchery-reared stocks. Fish.Bull., 92: 390-411.
Stoner, A.W. & Glazer, R.A. 1998. Variation in natural mortality: implications for queen conch stock enhancement. Bull.Mar.Sci., 62: 427-442.
Stoner, A.W. & Ray, M. 1993. Aggregation dynamics in juvenile queen conch (Strombus gigas) - population structure, mortality, growth, and migration. Mar.Biol., 116: 571-582.
Stoner, A.W. & Ray-Culp, M. 2000. Evidence for Allee over-harvested marine gastropod: density-dependent mating and egg production. Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 202: 297-302.
Stoner, A.W. & Sandt, V.J. 1992. Population-structure, seasonal movements and feeding of queen conch, Strombus gigas, in deep-water habitats of the Bahamas. Bull.Mar.Sci., 51: 287-300.
Taconet, M. & Bensch, A. 2000. Towards the use of geographic information systems as a decision support tool for the management of Mediterranean fisheries. Informes y Estudios COPEMED N° 4, FAO-Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional.
Tanaka, M., Seikai, T. & Furuta, S. 1998. Significance of larval and juvenile ecophysiology for stock enhancement of the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceous. Bull.Mar.Sci., 62: 551-571.
Taylor, M.S. & Hellberg, M.E. 2003. Genetic evidence for local retention of pelagic larvae in a Caribbean reef fish. Science, 299: 107-109.
Tegner, M.J. 1989. The feasibility of enhancing red sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, stocks in California: an analysis of the options. Mar.Fish.Rev., 51: 1-22.
Tegner, M.J. & Dayton, P.K. 1999. Ecosystem effects of fishing. Trends Ecol.Evol., 14: 261-262.
Tegner, M.J. & Dayton, P.K. 2000. Ecosystem effects of fishing in kelp forest communities ICES J.Mar.Sci., 57: 579-589.
Tegner, M.J., Haaker, P.L., Riser, K.L. & Vilchis, L.I. 2001. Climate variability, kelp forests, and the southern California red abalone fishery. J.ShellFish.Res., 20: 755-763.
Thorpe, J.P., Sole-Cava, A.M. & Watts, P.C. 2000. Exploited marine invertebrates: genetics and fisheries. Hydrobiologia, 420: 165-184.
Thrush, S.F. 1991. Spatial patterns in soft-bottom communities. Trends Ecol.Evol., 6: 75-79.
Thrush. S.F., Hewitt, J.E. & Pridmore, R.D. 1989. Patterns in the spatial arrangements of polychaetes and bivalves in intertidal sand flats. Mar.Biol., 102: 529-535.
Thrush, S.F., Hewitt, J.E., Cummings, V.J., Dayton, P.K., Cryer, M., Turner, S.J., Funnell, G.A., Budd, R.G., Milburn, C.J. & Wilkinson, M.R. 1998. Disturbance of the marine benthic habitat by commercial fishing: impacts at the scale of the fishery. Ecol.Appl., 8: 866-879.
Tong, L.J., Moss, G.A. & Illingworth, J. 1987. Enhancement of a natural population of the abalone, Haliotis iris, using cultured larvae. Aquaculture, 62: 67-72.
Tremblay, M.J., Loder, J.W., Werner, F.E., Naimie, C.E., Page, F.H. & Sinclair, M.M. 1994. Drift of sea scallop larvae Placopecten magellanicus on Georges Bank: a model study of roles of mean advection, larval behaviour and larval origin. Deep Sea Res. Part II: Trop.Stud.Oceanogr. 41: 7-49.
Tringali, M.D. & Bert, T.M. 1998. Risk to genetic effective population size should be an important consideration in fish stock-enhancement programs. Bull.Mar.Sci., 62: 641-659.
Troadec, J.P. 1991. Extensive aquaculture: a future opportunity for increasing fish production and a new field for fishery investigations. ICES Mar.Sci.Symp., 192: 2-5.
Tuck, G.N. & Possingham, H.P. 1994. Optimal harvesting strategies for a metapopulation. B.Math.Biol., 56: 107-127.
Ulanowicz, R.E., Ali, M.L, Vivian, A., Heinle, D.R., Richkus, W.A. & Summers, J.K. 1982. Identifying climatic factors influencing commercial fish and shellfish landings in Maryland. Fish.Bull., 80: 611-619.
Ventilla, R.F. 1982. The scallop industry in Japan. Adv. Mar.Biol., 20: 309-382.
Wahle, R.A. & Steneck, R.S. 1991. Recruitment habitats and nursery grounds of the American lobster, Homarus americanus: a demographic bottleneck? Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser., 69: 231-243.
Walters, C.J. 1986. Adaptive Management of Renewable Resources. Macmillian, New York. 384 pp.
Walters, C.J. 1997. Challenges in adaptive management of riparian and coastal ecosystems. Conserv. Ecol. [online] 1(2): 1. (Available at www.consecol.org/vol1/iss2/art1).
Walters, C.J. & Collie, J.S. 1988. Is research on environmental factors useful to fisheries management? Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 45: 1848-1854.
Walters, C.J. & Hilborn, R. 1978. Ecological optimization and adaptive management. Annu.Rev.Ecol.Syst., 9: 157-188.
Walters, C.J. & Holling, C.S. 1990. Large-scale management experiments and learning by doing. Ecology, 71: 2060-2068.
Walters, C.J. & Juanes, F. 1993. Recruitment limitation as a consequence of natural-selection for use of restricted feeding habitats and predation risk-taking by juvenile fishes. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 50: 2058-2070.
Walters, C., Christensen, V. & Pauly, D. 1997. Structuring dynamic models of exploited ecosystems from trophic mass-balance assessments. Rev.Fish Biol.Fisheries, 7: 139-172.
Walton, W.C. & Walton, W.C. 2001. Problems, predators, and perception: management of quahog (hard clam), Mercenaria mercenaria, stock enhancement programs in southern New England. J.Shellfish Res., 20: 127-134.
Warren, W. 1998. Spatial analysis for marine populations: factors to be considered. In G.S. Jamieson & A. Campbell, eds. Proceedings of the North Pacific Symposium on Invertebrate Stock Assessment and Management. Can.Spec.Publ.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 125: 21-28.
WECAFC. 2000. Report of the third workshop on the assessment of shrimp and groundfish fisheries on the Brazil-Guianas shelf. FAO Fish.Rep., No. 628: 206 pp.
WECAFC. 2001. Report on the workshops on the assessment of the Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus). FAO Fish.Rep., No. 619: 381 pp.
Welcomme, R.L. 1996. Stocking as a technique for enhancement of fisheries. FAO Aquac.Newl. (14): 8-11.
Wells, S.M. 1989. Impacts of the precious shell harvest and trade: conservation of rare or fragile resources. In J.F. Caddy, ed. Marine Invertebrate Fisheries: Their Assessment and Management, 443-454. J. Wiley and Sons, New York.
White, N.M., Line, D.E., Potts, J.D., Kirby-Smith, W., Doll, B. & Hunt, W.F. 2000. Jump Run Creek shellfish restoration project. J.Shellfish Res., 19: 473-476.
Wickins, J.F., Beard, T.W. & Jones, E. 1986. Microtagging cultured lobsters, Homarus gammarus (L.), for stock enhancement trials. Aquac.Fish.Manag., 22: 481-489.
Wickstrom, K. 2002. Marine reserves and fisheries management. Science, 295: 1233-1233.
Wilding, C.S., Latchford, J.W. & Beaumont, A.R. 1998. An investigation of possible stock structure in Pecten maximus (L.) using multivariate morphometrics, allozyme electrophoresis and mitochondrial DNA polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. J.Shellfish Res., 17: 131-139.
Wolff, M. 1987. Population dynamics of the Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus during the El Niño phenomenon of 1983. Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 44: 1684-1691.
Wynberg, R.P. & Branch, G.M. 1992. An assessment of bait-collecting for Callianassa kraussi Stebbing in Langebaan Lagoon, and of associated avian predation. S.Afr.J. Mar.Sci., 11: 141-152.
Wynberg, R.P. & Branch, G.M. 1994. Disturbance associated with bait-collection for sandprawns (Callianassa kraussi) and mud prawns (Upogebia africana): long-term effects on the biota of intertidal sand flats. J.Mar.Res., 52: 523-558.
Yamasaki, A. 2000. Legal minimum size and fishing period of soft-shelled male snow crab Chionocetes opilio in order to realize the reasonable sex ratio in the western Sea of Japan. Nippon Suisan Gakk. 66: 221-227.
Zaitsev, Y.P. 1993. Impacts of eutrophication on Black Sea fauna. GFCM Stud.Rev., 4: 59-86.
