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Participatory Development: Guidelines on Beneficiary Participation in Agricultural and Rural Development prepared by: for the Rural Institutions and Participation Service, |
2. BENEFICIARY PARTICIPATION IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
3. WHY PARTICIPATION AND WHAT ARE THE OBSTACLES?
3.1 Group and Individual Development Approach
3.2 Arguments for Beneficiary Participation
3.3 Constraints of Participation
4. STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE PARTICIPATION
4.1 Constraints
4.2 Sensitizing Governments
4.3 Promoting policy dialogues
4.4 Promoting the planning and implementation of participation in larger-scale projects
4.5 Systematic sensitization
4.6 Increasing support
4.7 Actions to be taken by FAO and other UN Agencies
5. IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AREAS, BENEFICIARIES AND THEIR NEEDS
5.1 Identification of Project Areas
5.2 Identification and Classification of Poor Rural People
5.3 Identification of Development Needs and Aspirations of the Intended Beneficiaries
6. THE FORMATION OF RURAL POOR GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS
6.1 Need for a Receiving-cum-Delivery System
6.2 Inventarization of Existing Groups and Organizations
6.3 Self-Formation of Small Homogeneous Groups
6.4 Steps in the Process of Group Formation
6.5 Incentives and Disincentives for Group Formation
6.6 Overcoming the opposition of local power holders to Rural Poor Organizations
7. GROUP AND INTER-GROUP ACTIVITIES
8. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR BENEFICIARY PARTICIPATION
9.1 Project's Financial Arrangements
9.2 Group Savings and Loans
9.3 Selection of a Suitable Bank
9.4 Variety in the Design and Operation of the Financial Component
9.5 Specific Seminars
9.6 Project Operations
9.7 Credit
10. PARTICIPATION AGENTS/GROUP PROMOTERS
10.1 Roles
10.2 Selection
10.3 Posting and Payment
10.4 Expected Performance in Group Formation
10.5 Career Prospects
11.1 Objectives and Characteristics
11.2 Training Target Groups, Personnel and Committees
11.3 Beneficiary Training
11.4 Training of Participation Agents (Group Promoters), the Project Coordinator and Other Project Staff
11.5 Training of Government and NGO Staff as well as Local Leaders
12. PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH
12.1 Conventional and Participatory Action Research
12.2 Objectives
12.3 Surveys
13. PARTICIPATORY MONITORING AND ON-GOING EVALUATION (PMOE)
14. ESTIMATED COSTS TO PROMOTE BENEFICIARY PARTICIPATION
14.1 Cost-Effectiveness
14.2 Benefits
14.3 Costs
14.4 Extra Costs
14.5 Field Experience
15. PROJECT CONTINUATION, EXPANSION AND MULTIPLICATION
15.1 Continuation: Need for Process Approach
15.2 Expansion and Multiplication
15.3 The Planning of Project Expansion and Multiplication
16. HOW TO ENSURE BENEFICIARY PARTICIPATION IN THE PROJECT CYCLE
16.1 Need for Flexible Project Designs
16.2 Reconnaissance Stage
16.3 Identification Stage
16.4 Project Preparation or Formulation Stage
APPENDIX 1. PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES SUPPORTED BY FAO
APPENDIX 2. SELECTED REFERENCES
1) General
2) Women in Development
3) Forestry
4) Fisheries
5) Water Management
6) Training
7) Finance
8) Asia
9) Africa