Mangroves in Bermuda include only three species: Avicennia germinans, Conocarpus erectus and Rhizophora mangle, which occupy a small area. They are of particular interest, however, since they represent the most northernly mangroves in the Americas (32° 20’N). Mangrove forests are protected in five areas.
Spalding, M.D., Blasco, F. and Field, C.D., eds. 1997. World Mangrove Atlas. The International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, Okinawa, Japan. 178 pp.
Year |
Area |
Source |
Trend |
Methodology/Comments |
1975 |
10 |
Spalding, M.D., Blasco, F. and Field, C.D., eds. 1997. World Mangrove Atlas. The International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, Okinawa, Japan. 178 pp. |
Map analysis. 1:10 560. | |
1980 |
17 |
Scott, D.A. and Carbonell, M., 1986. A Directory of Neotropical Wetlands. IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK; 486 pp. |
X |
Cited in: Fisher, P and Spalding, M.D. 1993. Protected areas with mangrove habitat. Draft Report World Conservation Centre, Cambridge, UK. 60 pp. The exact figure provided is 16.7 ha. |
1992 |
16 |
Thomas, M. L. & A. Logan. 1992. A Guide to the Ecology of the Shoreline and Shallow-Water Marine Communities of Bermuda. Special Publication 30, Bermuda Biological Station for Research, 345 pp. |
X |
Cited in: Smith, S.R. 1998. Bermuda. In: UNESCO, 1998. CARICOMP. Caribbean coral reef, seagrass and mangrove sites. Coastal region and small island papers 3, UNESCO, Paris, xiv + 347 pp. |
1993 |
20 |
Ellison, J. 1993. Mangroves of Bermuda and the Cayman Islands. |
Cited in: Lacerda, L.D. 1993. Conservation and sustainable utilization of mangrove forests in Latin America and Africa regions. Vol. 2 Part I- Latin America. Mangrove Ecosystems technical reports ITTO/ISME Project PD114/90 (F). Okinawa, Japan. 272 pp. The figure cited in the document is: less than 20 ha |
