FAO PLANT PRODUCTION AND PROTECTION PAPER 173 PESTICIDE SPECIFICATIONS Manual on Development and Use of FAO and WHO Specifications for Pesticides First Edition Prepared by the FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Specifications (JMPS)
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION and FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2002
	Table of Contents

Reprinted 2004

ISBN 92-5-104857-6
ISSN 0259-2517

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© FAO 2002 and WHO 2002

CONTENTS

Acknowledgement
Disclaimer
Procedures for handling confidential proprietary data and potential conflicts of interest by the FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Specifications (JMPS)
Background to the development of FAO and WHO specifications for pesticides

1. Introduction

1.1. Scope of specifications
1.2. The JMPS
1.3. Liaison with other international organizations, international conventions and national regulatory authorities
1.4. Participation by the Pesticide Industry
1.5. Purpose and use of specifications
1.6. Access to FAO and WHO specifications

2. The process of developing FAO/WHO specifications

2.1. Categories of specification and their status
2.2. Submission of proposals and data
2.3. Meetings and functions of the JMPS
2.4. Confidentiality of Information
2.5. Timetable and principles for the development of specifications^,
2.6. Publication of specifications
2.7. Review of specifications
2.8. Overview of information required for specifications
2.9. Acceptability of analytical and physical test methods

3. Data requirements and procedures for development of FAO/WHO specifications

3.1. Minimum data requirements for support of the reference (first) specification for an active ingredient

A. Data requirements for technical grade active ingredients (TC/TK)
B. Data requirements for formulations
C. Methods for the analysis and testing of TC/TK and formulations

3.2. Minimum data requirements for extension of an existing specification to an additional manufacturer or a new manufacturing process

D. Data requirements for the determination of equivalence
E. Determination of equivalence

3.3. Evaluation reports
3.4. Decision making and action procedures for dealing with submissions from initial and subsequent proposers
3.5. Prioritization criteria for development and review of specifications

4. Aims, applicability, and requirements of specification clauses

Introduction
4.1. Title and code
4.2. Description
4.3. Active ingredient

4.3.1. Identity tests
4.3.2. Content of active ingredient

4.4. Relevant impurities

4.4.1. By-products of manufacture or storage
4.4.2. Water
4.4.3. Insolubles

4.5. Physical properties

Introduction
4.5.1 to 10 Density (bulk density)
4.5.11 to 20 Surface (wettability, persistent foam)
4.5.21 to 30 Volatilization (volatility)
4.5.31 to 40 Particulate, fragmentation and adhesion (wet sieve, dry sieve, nominal size range, dustiness, attrition resistance, integrity, adhesion to seeds)
4.5.41 to 50 Dispersion (dispersibility, disintegration time, degree of dispersion, suspensibility, dispersion stability, emulsion stability)
4.5.51 to 60 Flow (flowability, pourability)
4.5.61 to 70 Solution and dissolution (acidity, alkalinity, pH range, miscibility with oil, dissolution of Water-soluble bags, degree of dissolution, solution stability, release rate, "free" active ingredient)

4.6. Storage stability (at 0° C, at elevated temperature)

5. Specification guidelines for technical materials and technical concentrates (except microbial TKs)

Introduction
5.1. Technical materials (TC)
5.2. Technical concentrates (TK)

6. Specification guidelines for solid formulations

Categorization of solid formulations
6.1 to 6.10 solid formulations for direct use

6.1. Dustable powders (DP)
6.2. Powders for dry seed treatment (DS)
6.3. Granules (GR)
6.4 Tablets for direct application (DT)

6.11 to 6.20 solid formulations for dispersion

6.11. Wettable powders (WP)
6.12. Water dispersible powders for slurry seed treatment (WS)
6.13. Water dispersible granules (WG)
6.14. Water dispersible tablets (WT)
6.15. Emulsifiable granules (EG)
6.16. Emulsifiable powders (EP)

6.21 to 6.30 solid formulations for dissolution

6.21. Water soluble powders (SP)
6.22. Water soluble powders for seed treatment (SS)
6.23. Water soluble granules (SG)
6.24. Water soluble tablets (ST)

7. Specification guidelines for liquid formulated pesticides

Categorization of liquid formulations
7.1. to 7.10. Simple solutions

7.1. Soluble concentrates (SL)
7.2. Solutions for seed treatment (LS)
7.3. Oil miscible liquids (OL)
7.4. Ultra low volume liquids (UL)

7.11 to 7.20 Solutions for dispersion

7.11. Emulsifiable concentrates (EC)
7.12. Dispersible concentrates (DC)

7.21 to 7.30 Emulsions

7.21. Emulsions, oil in water (EW)
7.22. Emulsions for seed treatment (ES)
7.23. Micro-emulsions (ME)

7.31 to 7.40 Suspensions

7.31. Aqueous suspension concentrates (SC)
7.32. Suspension concentrates for seed treatment (FS)
7.33. Aqueous capsule suspensions (CS)
7.34. Oil-based suspension concentrates (OD) (Oil Dispersion)

7.41 to 7.50 Dual character formulations

7.41. Aqueous suspo-emulsions (SE)

8. Specification guidelines for pesticides formulated and/or prepared as devices for application

Categorization of formulated devices
8.1. Mosquito coils (MC)
8.2. Vaporizing mats (MV)
8.3. Liquid vaporizers (LV)
8.4. Aerosol dispensers (AE)

9. Specification guidelines for microbial pesticides

Categorization of microbial pesticides
Introduction
9.1. Bacterial larvicide technical concentrates (TK)
9.11. Bacterial larvicide wettable powders (WP)
9.12. Bacterial larvicide water-dispersible granules (WG)
9.13. Bacterial larvicide water-dispersible tablets (WT)
9.21. Bacterial larvicide aqueous suspension concentrates (SC)

Appendix A: Guidelines on sampling for the quality control of pesticide technical grade active ingredients and formulated products

Annex 1 A model sampling report

Appendix B: Supply and certification of reference substances of pesticide active ingredients

Appendix C: Glossary of terms

Appendix D: Coding of active ingredients, specifications and method status

Appendix E: CropLife International codes for technical and formulated pesticides

Appendix F: CIPAC codes for pesticides, in numerical order

Appendix G: CIPAC codes for pesticides, in alphabetical Order

Appendix H: Declarations of interests and confidentiality by FAO/WHO experts

FAO technical papers

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