|
Commodity |
(Sum of) Mycotoxin(s) |
Limit (µg/kg) |
Legal basis |
Responsible authority |
Sampling method |
Analytical method |
Remarks |
||
|
status |
ref. |
status |
ref. |
||||||
|
Food |
|||||||||
|
peanut, corn, maize |
afla B1B2G1G2 |
15 |
TW1 |
DH |
non-official |
TW3 |
official |
TW4 TW5 TW6 |
since 1997 |
|
rice, sorghum, legumes, nuts, wheat and barley, oats |
afla B1B2G1G2 |
10 |
TW1 |
DH |
non-official |
TV3 |
official |
TW4 TW5 TW6 |
since 1997 |
|
edible oils and fats |
10 |
|
|||||||
|
other foods |
10 |
|
|||||||
|
infant food |
not detectable |
TW2 |
|
||||||
|
cereals |
ochratoxin A |
|
|
|
|
|
non-official |
TW7 |
The maximum permissible content is not available for ochratoxin A, patulin and fumonisin B1. The product safety is decided according to the result of risk assessment |
|
apple juice |
patulin |
|
|
|
|
|
official |
TW8 TW9 |
|
|
maize products |
fumonisin B1 |
|
|
|
|
|
non-official |
TW10 TW11 |
|
|
Dairy |
|||||||||
|
milk |
afla M1 |
0.5 |
TW1 |
DH |
non-official |
TW12 |
non-official |
TW13 TW14 TW15 |
since 1983 |
|
milk powder |
5 |
||||||||
|
Feed |
|||||||||
|
maize (raw material) |
afla B1B2G1G2 |
50 |
|
CA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
all feedstuffs |
afla B1 |
25-100 |
|
official |
|
official |
TW4 |
since 1997. The value of maximum permissible content depends on the animal species |
|
|
Commodity |
(Sum of) Mycotoxin(s) |
Limit (µg/kg) |
Legal basis |
Responsible authority |
Sampling method |
Analytical method |
Remarks |
||
|
status |
ref. |
status |
ref. |
||||||
|
Food |
|||||||||
|
cereals, oil seeds |
afla B1 |
5 |
TZ1 |
NFCC |
official |
TZ2 |
official |
TZ3 |
since 1989 |
|
afla B1B2G1G2 |
10 |
||||||||
|
Feed |
|||||||||
|
feeds |
afla B1 |
5 |
TZ1 |
NFCC |
official |
TZ2 |
official |
TZ3 |
since 1989 |
|
afla B1B2G1G2 |
10 |
||||||||
Commodity | (Sum of) Mycotoxin(s) | Limit (µg/kg) | Legal basis | Responsible authority | Sampling method | Analytical method | Remarks | ||
status | ref. | status | ref. | ||||||
|
Food |
|||||||||
|
all food products |
afla B1B2G1G2 |
20 |
TH1 |
MPH-FDA |
|
|
|
|
In addition, an amendment of the national regulations of mycotoxins is made, by using CODEX maximum levels |
situation 1991: no regulations [FAO 1997 ref.1]
|
Commodity |
(Sum of) Mycotoxin(s) |
Limit (µg/kg) |
Legal basis |
Responsible authority |
Sampling method |
Analytical method |
Remarks |
||
|
status |
ref. |
status |
ref. |
||||||
|
Food |
|||||||||
|
all products |
afla B1 |
2 |
TN1 |
MH-DHMPE |
non-official |
|
non-official |
TN2 |
|
|
afla B1B2G1G2 |
unknown |
|
|
||||||
|
Dairy |
|||||||||
|
milk |
afla M1 |
unknown |
|
ANCSEP |
|
|
non-official |
TN2 |
|
|
Commodity |
(Sum of) Mycotoxin(s) |
Limit (µg/kg) |
Legal basis |
Responsible authority |
Sampling method |
Analytical method |
Remarks |
||
|
status |
ref. |
status |
ref. |
||||||
|
Food |
|||||||||
|
hazelnut, peanut and other nuts; oily seed; dried fruits (fig, raisin, etc.) and foodstuffs produced of these |
afla B1 |
5 |
TR1 |
MARA |
official |
see EU6 |
official |
TR2 |
in force since 2002, but existing since 1990 for all foods |
|
afla B1B2G1G2 |
10 |
|
|
in force since 2002, but existing since 1997 for all foods |
|||||
|
cereals and cereal flour |
afla B1 |
2 |
see EU6 |
|
in force since 1990 |
||||
|
cereals and cereal flour |
afla B1B2G1G2 |
4 |
TR1 |
MARA |
official |
|
official |
|
in force since 1990 |
|
spices |
afla B1 |
5 |
see EU7 |
|
in force since 2002, but existing since 1990 for all foods |
||||
|
afla B1B2G1G2 |
10 |
|
|
in force since 2002, but existing since 1997 for all foods |
|||||
|
other foods (foods with an aflatoxin risk) |
afla B1 |
5 |
|
|
in force since 1990 for all foods |
||||
|
afla B1B2G1G2 |
10 |
|
|
in force since 1997 for all foods |
|||||
|
baby food |
afla B1 |
1 |
|
TR3 |
in force since 2002 |
||||
|
afla B1B2G1G2 |
2 |
|
|||||||
|
baby food |
afla M1 |
0.05 |
|
TR4 |
|||||
|
raw grain |
ochratoxin A |
5 |
|
TR5 |
|
||||
|
foodstuffs produced from grain |
3 |
|
|
|
|||||
|
dried raisins |
10 |
|
non-official |
TR6 |
|
||||
|
fruit juice |
patulin |
50 |
|
official |
TR7 |
in force since 1997 |
|||
|
Dairy |
|||||||||
|
milk |
afla M1 |
0.05 |
TR1 |
MARA |
official |
see EU6 |
official |
TR4 |
in force since 1997 |
|
milk powder |
0.5 |
|
in force since 2002 |
||||||
|
cheese |
0.25 |
|
TR8 |
in force since 1997 |
|||||
|
Feed |
|||||||||
|
feed ingredients |
afla B1 |
50 |
TR9 |
MARA |
|
|
official |
TR10 |
in force since 1991 |
|
mixed feed for ruminants except young animals |
50 |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
mixed feed for poultry except young animals |
20 |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
other mixed feeds |
10 |
|
|
|
|
||||
no regulations
|
Commodity |
(Sum of) Mycotoxin(s) |
Limit (µg/kg) |
Legal basis |
Responsible authority |
Sampling method |
Analytical method |
Remarks |
||
|
status |
ref. |
status |
ref. |
||||||
|
Food |
|||||||||
|
milk and dairy products, condensed milk, milk powder, cheese, animal butter, animal fats, casein, dairy products for babyfood; grain-based babyfood; vegetable and fruit-berry preserves and mixes for babyfood; meat and fish preserves for babyfood; products for children allergic to food/lactose; diet meat preserves for diet children´s food; babyfood for early born babies |
afla B1 |
1 |
UA1 UA2 UA3 |
MHP & SDVM |
official |
|
official |
UA4 |
in force since 1980 |
|
meats [fresh, chilled and frozen], meat products, sausages, poultry; vegetable preserves in cans and glass jars, subproducts; kidneys and processed kidneys; eggs, eggpowder; grains, beans, wheat middlings, all seeds to be used for immediate human consumption and for processing into products for human consumption; soya press, sunflower press; flour, bread; all nuts; confectionery; cocoa, chocolate, coffee, tea; fruit juices, fruit puree; vegetable oil |
afla B1 |
5 |
UA1 UA2 UA3 |
MHP & SDVM |
official |
|
official |
UA4 |
in force since 1980 |
|
grain-based babyfood products; fruit-vegetable-dairy mixes for babyfood; products for children allergic to food/lactose; babyfood for early born babies |
afla M1 |
0.5 |
|
||||||
|
vegetable and fruit-berry preserves and mixes for babyfood, fish preserves for babyfood |
patulin |
20 |
|
UA5 |
in force since 1982. Tests are done if there is vegetable additive in the recipe. |
||||
|
vegetables, including potatoes, fruit and grapes, berries; vegetable, fruit, berry preserves in cans and jars |
50 |
|
in force since 1982 |
||||||
|
grain-based babyfood products; fruit-vegetable-dairy mixes for babyfood |
DON |
200 |
|
UA6 |
in force since 1984 |
||||
|
wheat of other than hard strong varieties, flour, bread |
500 |
|
|||||||
|
wheat of hard strong varieties; all seeds to be used for immediate human consumption and for processing into the products for human consumption; wheat middlings |
DON |
1000 |
UA1 UA2 UA3 |
MHP & SDVM |
official |
|
official |
UA6 |
in force since 1984 |
|
grains, flour, wheat middlings, bread products; all seeds to be used for immediate human consumption and for processing into products for human consumption |
T-2 toxin |
100 |
|
UA7 |
|||||
|
grain-based babyfood products |
zearalenone |
40 |
|
|
|||||
|
grains, beans; sunflower press; flour, bread; all nuts; all seeds to be used for immediate human consumption and for processing into the products for human consumption; vegetable oil; wheat middlings |
1000 |
|
UA8 |
||||||
|
Dairy |
|||||||||
|
milk and dairy products, condensed milk, milk powder, cheese, butter; animal fats; casein; dairy products for babyfood |
afla M1 |
0.5 |
UA1 UA2 UA3 |
MHP & SDVM |
official |
|
official |
UA9 |
in force since 1980 |
|
Feed |
|||||||||
|
combined feed for non-productive animals |
afla B1 |
10 |
UA1 UA2 UA3 |
MHP & SDVM |
official |
|
official |
UA4 |
in force since 1980 |
|
combined feed for poultry |
25 |
|
|||||||
|
combined feed for cows in the period of lactation, for piglets no older than 2 months |
50 |
|
|||||||
|
combined feed for calves and sheep older than 4 months, animals for meat, breeding bulls |
afla B1 |
100 |
UA1 UA2 UA3 |
MHP & SDVM |
official |
|
official |
UA4 |
in force since 1980 |
|
combined feed for sows (pregnant, feeding), breeding boars, piglets younger than 2 months |
zearalenone |
40 |
|
UA8 |
in force since 1984 |
||||
|
soya press for feed |
1000 |
|
|||||||
|
combined feed for pigs fed for pork lighter than 50 kg |
2000 |
|
|||||||
|
combined feed for pigs fed for pork over 50 kg of weight |
3000 |
|
|||||||
|
combined feed for all animals |
DON |
1000 |
|
UA6 |
|||||
|
combined feed for egg-layers and broilers |
T-2 toxin |
200 |
|
UA7 |
|||||
|
combined feed for calves and older cattle fed for beef |
250 |
|
|||||||
no regulations
Commodity | (Sum of) Mycotoxin(s) | Limit (µg/kg) | Legal basis | Responsible authority | Sampling method | Analytical method | Remarks | ||
status | ref. | status | ref. | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no specific legislation relating to maximum residue limits; the government body advises for food imports in the UAE to follow the latest CODEX standards [AE1] |
Commodity | (Sum of) Mycotoxin(s) | Limit (µg/kg) | Legal basis | Responsible authority | Sampling method | Analytical method | Remarks | ||
status | ref. | status | ref. | ||||||
|
Food |
|||||||||
|
see European Union [harmonized regulations] |
|
|
|
FSA via PHA and LAEHTSO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dairy |
|||||||||
|
see European Union [harmonized regulations] |
|
|
|
FSA via PHA and LAEHTSO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Feed |
|||||||||
|
see European Union [harmonized regulations] |
|
|
|
FSA via PHA and LAEHTSO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commodity |
(Sum of) Mycotoxin(s) |
Limit (µg/kg) |
Legal basis |
Responsible authority |
Sampling method |
Analytical method |
Remarks |
||
|
status |
ref. |
status |
ref. |
||||||
|
Food |
|||||||||
|
all foods except milk |
afla B1B2G1G2 |
20 |
US1 |
FDA, USDA |
official |
US6 |
official |
US8 |
in force since 1969 |
|
apple juice, apple juice concentrate, and apple juice component of a food that contains apple juice as an ingredient |
patulin |
50 |
US2 |
FDA |
US7 |
in force since 2001 |
|||
|
finished wheat products for consumption by humans |
DON |
1000 |
US3 |
non official |
US9 |
updated since 1993 |
|||
|
degermed dry milled corn products (e.g. flaking grits, corn grits, corn meal, corn flour with fat content of <2.25%, dry weight basis) |
fumonisins B1B2B3 |
2000 |
US4 US5 |
official |
US8 |
in force since 2001; guidance level for industry |
|||
|
cleaned corn intended for popcorn |
fumonisins B1B2B3 |
3000 |
US4 US5 |
FDA |
official |
US7 |
official |
US8 |
in force since 2001; guidance level for industry |
|
whole of partially degermed dry milled corn products (e.g. flaking grits, corn grits, corn meal, corn flour with fat content of ³2.25%, dry weight basis); dry milled corn bran; cleaned corn intended for masa production |
4000 |
||||||||
|
Dairy |
|||||||||
|
milk |
afla M1 |
0.5 |
US10 |
FDA |
official |
US6 |
official |
US8 |
in force since 1977 |
|
Feed |
|||||||||
|
corn and peanut products intended for finishing (i.e., feedlot) beef cattle |
afla B1B2G1G2 |
300 |
US11 |
FDA, USDA |
official |
US12 |
official |
US8 |
in force since 1969 |
|
cottonseed meal intended for beef cattle, swine, or poultry |
300 |
||||||||
|
corn or peanut products intended for finishing swine of 100 pounds or greater |
200 |
||||||||
|
corn and peanut products intended for breeding beef cattle, breeding swine, or mature poultry |
100 |
official |
US12 |
||||||
|
corn, peanut products, and other animal feeds and feed ingredients, excluding cottonseed meal, intended for immature animals |
20 |
||||||||
|
corn, corn products, cottonseed meal, and other animal feeds and feed ingredients intended for dairy animals, for animal species or uses not specified above, or when the intended use is not known |
afla B1B2G1G2 |
20 |
US11 |
FDA, USDA |
official |
US12 |
official |
US8 |
as above |
|
grains and grain byproducts destined for ruminating beef and feedlot cattle older than 4 months and for chickens |
DON |
10000 |
US3 |
FDA |
not-official |
US9 |
updated in 1993; not to exceed 50% of the diet |
||
|
grain and grain byproducts destined for swine |
5000 |
updated in 1993; not to exceed 20% of the diet |
|||||||
|
grain and grain byproducts for all other animals |
5000 |
updated in 1993; not to exceed 40% of the diet |
|||||||
|
corn and corn byproducts intended for equids and rabbits |
fumonisins B1B2B3 |
5000 |
US4 US5 |
FDA |
official |
US8+A588 |
in force since 2001; guidance level for industry [no more than 20% of diet on dry weight basis] |
||
|
corn and corn byproducts intended for swine and catfish |
20000 |
in force since 2001; guidance level for industry [no more than 50% of diet on dry weight basis] |
|||||||
|
corn and corn byproducts intended for breeding ruminants, breeding poultry and breeding mink (includes lactating dairy cattle and hens laying eggs for human consumption) |
30000 |
official |
US12 |
official |
US8 |
in force since 2001; guidance level for industry [no more than 50% of diet on dry weight basis] |
|||
|
ruminants >3 months old being raised for slaughter and mink being raised for pelt production |
fumonisins B1B2B3 |
60000 |
US4 US5 |
FDA |
official |
US12 |
official |
US8 |
as above |
|
poultry being raised for slaughter |
100000 |
||||||||
|
all other species or classes of livestock and pet animals |
10000 |
||||||||
|
Commodity |
(Sum of) Mycotoxin(s) |
Limit (µg/kg) |
Legal basis |
Responsible authority |
Sampling method |
Analytical method |
Remarks |
||
|
status |
ref. |
status |
ref. |
||||||
|
Food |
|||||||||
|
See MERCOSUR [harmonized regulations] |
|||||||||
|
additional regulations of Uruguay: |
|||||||||
|
all food and spices |
afla B1 |
5 |
UY1 |
TLU |
|
|
official |
UY4 UY5 UY6 |
in force since 1994 |
|
afla B1B2G1G2 |
20 |
|
|
||||||
|
infant food [an exception of all food and spices] |
3 |
|
|
UY4 UY5 UY6 |
|||||
|
cocoa [an exception of all food and spices] |
10 |
|
|
||||||
|
dried fruits [an exception of all food and spices] |
30 |
|
|
||||||
|
soya protein [an exception of all food and spices] |
30 |
|
|
||||||
|
rice, barley, beans, coffee, corn |
ochratoxin A |
50 |
|
|
UY4 |
||||
|
fruit juice |
patulin |
50 |
UY2 |
|
|
UY7 |
|||
|
wheat flour and by-products |
DON |
1000 |
UY3 |
MSP, TLU, MGAP |
|
|
UY8 |
in force since 2001 |
|
|
corn, barley |
zearalenone |
200 |
UY2 |
TLU |
|
|
UY9 |
||
|
Dairy |
|||||||||
|
See MERCOSUR [harmonized regulations] |
|||||||||
|
Feed |
|||||||||
|
feed for meat cattle, sheep and birds |
DON |
5000 |
UY10 |
TLU, MSP, MGAP |
|
|
official |
|
in force since 2001 |
|
feed for milk cattle |
2000 |
|
|
|
|||||
|
feed for pigs and horses |
1000 |
|
|
|
|||||
|
feed for other animals |
2000 |
|
|
|
|||||
|
animal feed |
ergot alkaloids |
450 |
UY11 |
TLU |
|
|
non-official |
UY12 |
in force since 1986 |
|
animal feed for pigs and female rabbits |
not detectable |
|
|
||||||
|
Commodity |
(Sum of) Mycotoxin(s) |
Limit (µg/kg) |
Legal basis |
Responsible authority |
Sampling method |
Analytical method |
Remarks |
||
|
status |
ref. |
status |
ref. |
||||||
|
Food |
|||||||||
|
corn, corn flour, peanuts, peanut butter |
afla B1B2G1G2 |
20 |
|
|
non-official |
|
official |
VZ1 |
updated in 2000 |
|
Dairy |
|||||||||
|
fluid milk |
afla M1 |
0.5 |
|
|
non-official |
|
official |
VZ2 |
updated in 2000 |
|
milk powder |
5.0 |
|
|
|
|||||
Commodity | (Sum of) Mycotoxin(s) | Limit (µg/kg) | Legal basis | Responsible authority | Sampling method | Analytical method | Remarks | ||
status | ref. | status | ref. | ||||||
|
Food |
|||||||||
|
foodstuffs |
afla B1B2G1G2 |
10 |
VN1 |
MH, MARD |
official & non-official |
VN2 VN3 |
official & non-official |
VN2 VN3 |
in force since 1998 |
|
foodstuffs |
total of other mycotoxins |
35 |
VN2 |
MH, MARD |
non-official |
VN3 VN4 |
non-official |
VN3 VN4 |
in force since 1999 |
|
Dairy |
|||||||||
|
milk and milk products |
afla M1 |
0.5 |
VN1 |
MH |
official & non-official |
VN2 VN3 |
official & non-official |
VN2 VN3 |
in force since 1998 |
no official regulations, but some control takes place
Commodity | (Sum of) Mycotoxin(s) | Limit (µg/kg) | Legal basis | Responsible authority | Sampling method | Analytical method | Remarks | ||
status | ref. | status | ref. | ||||||
|
Food |
|||||||||
|
foodstuffs |
afla B1B2G1G2 |
|
|
MCI-DGSS |
official |
YE1 |
official |
YE1 |
|
|
Dairy |
|||||||||
|
milk |
afla M1 |
|
|
MCI-DGSS |
official |
YE1 |
official |
YE1 |
|
no official regulations
Commodity | (Sum of) Mycotoxin(s) | Limit (µg/kg) | Legal basis | Responsible authority | Sampling method | Analytical method | Remarks | ||
status | ref. | status | ref. | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There are no measures in Zambia which cover the control of mycotoxins in consumable products, but for export measures existing in destination countries may be applied and the exporter sends samples where ever analysis can be done, even outside the country. |
situation 1996 no regulations [FAO 1997]
|
Commodity |
(Sum of) Mycotoxin(s) |
Limit (µg/kg) |
Legal basis |
Responsible authority |
Sampling method |
Analytical method |
Remarks |
||
|
status |
ref. |
status |
ref. |
||||||
|
Food |
|||||||||
|
foods |
afla B1 |
5 |
ZW1 |
MA |
official |
|
official |
|
|
|
groundnuts, maize, sorghum |
afla B1 |
5 |
|
|
|
||||
| |
afla G1 |
4 |
|
||||||
|
Feed |
|||||||||
|
feedstuffs |
afla B1B2G1G2 |
unknown |
|
MA |
official |
|
official |
|
levels vary with type of animal |
|
poultry feed |
afla B1G1 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|||
