Bibliographic study characteristics

Study characteristics

E

Author(s)

Title

Bibliographical details

Year

Issue addressed in study/ General Function-Use Identification

Valuation technique

Year of data collection

Measurement unit

Estimated value characteristics:
Mean/Total

Water system: Groundwater/ surface water

Spatial scale

Country

Eckstein, O.

‘’Water-Resource Development: The Economics of Project Evaluation,’’

Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.

1958

The economic benefits of water used in navigation.

Function-Use: Navigation.

Other

Dollars.

Reported value is the transportation savings for shipments on Columbia Slough. Value is based on the shipments of 10 commodity groups with 413,100 tons: 72300.

rivers

regional

USA

ECOTEC

‘’A Cost Benefit Analysis of Reduced Acid Deposition: UK Natural and Semi-Natural Ecosystems,’’

Working Papers 4 and 5, Birmingham.

1993

Creation of a new trout fishery.

Function-Use: Recreation.

CV

Pounds per angler per visit.

(a. economic rent: 4.4-12.2; (b. consumer surplus: 2.2-6.7.

river

national

United Kingdom

Edwards, S.F.

"Option Price for Groundwater Protection,"

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 15, 475-487.

1988

The "primitive knowledge" of the benefits of potable water in order to carry out efficiency analyses on public water qualties policies. This study reports on direct estimates of the total economic value of potable water. An extra goal of this study is to increase the knowledge of the public’s total WTP to prevent uncertain, future contamination of potable supply of groundwater.

Function-Use: Municipal and Domestic Water Supply.

CV

1986 (?)

In dollars, per year and per household.

Income (M): 55,413; scale for cost effective supply (L): 3.7; probability of future demand (p2): 0.7; bequest scale (B): 4.6; ln(1-OP/M): -0.009; p2*L*(r2-q2): 2.09; B*(r2-q2): 3.85. Derived from Figure 2 in article: $0 to $1,623/HH/year.

The aquifer (coastal areas).

Regional

USA

Environmental Resources Limited (ERM).

‘’Economic Appraisal of the Environmental Costs and Benefits of Potential Solutions to Alleviate Low Flows in Rivers: Phase 2 Study,’’

London, Environment Agency.

1997

WTP for alleviation of low flow in six rivers.

Function-Use: Freshwater Replenishment.

CV

Pounds per household per year.

(a. Malmesbury Avon: 5.7; (b. Tavy: 6.81.

rivers

national

United Kingdom, South East region of the EA

Epp, D.J. and K.S. Al-Ani.

‘’The Effect of Water Quality on Rural Non-farm Residential Property Values,’’

American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 61(3), 529-534.

1979

Water quality in Pennsylvania rivers and streams.

Function-Use: Water Quality.

HP

1972

$/property.

Value measures the estimated increase in the average sales value of a typical residential property with a one point increase in pH (water quality measure): 653.96.

rivers

regional

USA

Ewers, H.J. and W. Schulz.

‘’The monetary benefits of water quality improving measures - Demonstrated by the example of the Lake Tegeler in Berlin,’’

Duncker and Humblot, Berlin, 358p.

1981

Quantification of the recreational benefits resulting form a potential water quality improvement of the Lake Tegel in the city of Berlin.

Function-Use: Recreation.

TC

Million DM

Total benefit - as an aggregate of all recreation categoriesand of all users: 51.

lake

local

Germany

Bibliographic study characteristics

Study characteristics

F

Author(s)

Title

Bibliographical details

Year

Issue addressed in study/ General Function-Use Identification

Valuation technique

Year of data collection

Measurement unit

Estimated value characteristics:
Mean/Total

Water system: Groundwater/ surface water

Spatial scale

Country

Foster, V., I.J. Bateman and D. Harley.

‘’Real and Hypothetical Willingness to Pay for Environmental Preservation: A Non-Experimental Comparison,’’

In Environmental Valuation, Economic Policy and Sustainability: Recent Advances in Environmental Economics. Melinda Acutt and Pamela Mason (eds.). Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 35-49.

1998

Land purchases, species preservation, and habitat conservation.

Function-Use: Habitat, Rare or Endangered Species.

MV

1995

Pounds sterling per mailing

Pounds Sterling

(a. Reported value is the mean donation per mailing to the RSPB fund raiser. The fund raising appeal was for the land purchase of maritime health habitat in Ramsey Island in 1992. This is the average donation (includes returned & not returned): £1.73/mailing;
(b. Reported value is the total value of donations for the RSPB fund raiser. The fund raising appeal was for the protection of reedbed habitat for bittern in 1993: £268430.

Wetlands

national

United Kingdom

Bibliographic study characteristics

Study characteristics

G

Author(s)

Title

Bibliographical details

Year

Issue addressed in study/ General Function-Use Identification

Valuation technique

Year of data collection

Measurement unit

Estimated value characteristics:
Mean/Total

Water system: Groundwater/ surface water

Spatial scale

Country

Garrod, G.D. and K.G. Willis.

"Estimating the Benefits of Environmental Enhancement: A Case Study of the River Darent,"

Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 39 (2), 189-203.

1996

This paper outlines the use of contingent valuation methods in an ex ante appraisal of the costs and benefits of enhancing river flow for recreational purposes in a low flow river.

Function-Use: Recreation.

CV

1993

In UK pounds 1993, per year, per household.

I:1a) 15,06; 1b) 9,76; 2a) 18,45; 2b) 12,32; 3a) 17,18; 3b) 12,92.
II:1a) 7,16; 1b) 4,85; 2a) 10,19; 2b) 6,25: 3a) 3,85; 3b) 3,00.

River

regional

United Kingdom

Garrod, G.D. and K.G. Willis.

‘’The hedonic price method and the valuation of countryside characteristics

Countryside Change Working Paper, 14, University of Newcastle, Newcastle.

1991

Amenity value of waterways.

Function-Use: Amenity Value.

HP

%

Existence of local river/ canal amenity increased house price by 4.9%.

River, canal

national

United Kingdom

Gayatri, A.

‘’Valuing the Environment as an Input: The Production Function Approach,’’

In Environmental Valuation, Economic Policy and Sustainability: Recent Advances in Environmental Economics. Melinda Acutt and Pamela Mason (eds.). Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 63-78.

1998

Groundwater recharge functions of wetlands.

Function-Use: Agricultural Supply.

MV

Dollars

(a. Value expressed as the welfare loss for the wetlands area due to decrease in groundwater levels to approximately 7 meters in depth within a single year for the entire wetland: $1182737;
(b. Values expressed by welfare loss resulting from a 1 meter decrease in naturally recharged groundwater level for farmers in the Madachi area: $62249.

Ground and surface water

regional

Nigeria

Gibbons, D.

‘’Hydropower,’’

Ch. 7 in The Economic Value of Water. Resources for the Future, Washington D. C.

1986

Water used in hydropower generation.

Function-Use: Hydropower Generation.

Other

1980

$/acre foot.

Reported estimate is the long run value of water used for hydropower generation on the Columbia River from Grand Coulee to sea level: 5.

river

regional

USA

Gibbons, D.

‘’Navigation,’’

Ch. 6 in The Economic Value of Water. Resources for the Future, Washington D. C. 74-85.

1986

Water used for navigation.

Function-Use: Navigation.

Other

1980

$/acre ft.

Estimate reflects short run average value of water for navigation on Illinois waterway: 239.

river

regional

USA

Gisser, M., R.R. Lansford, W.D. Gorman, B.J. Creel and B. Evans.

‘’Water Trade-Off Between Electric Energy and Agriculture In the Four Corners Area,’’

Water Resources Research, 15(3), 529-538.

1979

The marginal value of water for the agricultural sector.

Function-Use: Agricultural Supply.

OM

Dollars per acre foot per year.

Reported value is the shadow value (decline in the net revenue in agriculture) of the water per acre foot per year when irrigation water to farms in the Four Corner area at elevations lower than 5000 feet declined by 30%: 731.

Ground and surface water

regional

USA

Gonzalez-Caban, A. and J.B. Loomis.

"Economic benefits of maintaining ecological integrity of Rio Mameyes, in Puerto Rico,"

Ecological Economics, 21, 63-75.

1997

In this paper we report the findings of the application of a CVM to quantify the total economic value to households in Puerto Rico for preserving the ecological integrety and riparian zone viability in the Rio Mameyes via alternative flow levels in the river (one measure of ecological integrity). In addition we also report the results of applaying the CVM to quantify the total economic value to households in Puerto Rico for preserving flows and avoiding a dam on the Rio Fajardo.

Function-Use: Recreation, Municipal and Domestic Water Supply.

CV

1995

$ per household, per year for the next 5 years

1) 27,28; 2) 26,75; 3) 28,12; 4) 30,91;

river

regional

Puerto Rico

Gookowski, J.J. and L.H. Keller.

‘’An Economic Analysis of Trout,’’

University of Tennessee, Agricultural Experiment Station Research Report 88-02.

1988

Trout production.

Function-Use: Aquaculture.

MV

1985

Dollars

Value is net return above variable expenses in 1985 $ for a market trout enterprise with production of 1679 pounds per gallon/minute and 1300 gallons/minute discharge: $16018.

Springs

regional

USA

Green, C.H. and S.M. Tunstall.

"The Amenity and Environmental Value of River Corridors in Britain,"

in P.J. Boon, P.Calow, and G.E. Petts (eds.), River Conservation and Management, Chichester: John Wiley, 425-441.

1992

To evaluate three different potential benefits from water quality improvements: 1) the additional enjoyment to existing users; 2) the increase in amenity enjoyment to residents living near the river corridor; 3) the overall non-use value.

Function-Use: Recreation.

CV

< 1990.

In UK pounds, per visit or per lump sum.

Residents: arithmetic mean (lump-sum payment in UK pounds) for water quality good enough for 1. Water birds/2. To support many fish, dragonflies and to allow many different types of plant to grow both in the water and on the edges/ 3. To be safe for children to paddle or swim: 546/562/582; log mean: 2.72/2.67/ 2.90. Visitors (in pence per visit): 1.: for town centre/local park/honeypot: 37/42/ 41; 2: 42/48/41; 3: 36/38/45. Remote sites survey: WTP for non-user/users: 13.59/ 19.56 per year.

River

national

United Kingdom

Green, C.H. and S.M. Tunstall.

"The Evaluation of River Water Quality Improvements by the Contingent Valuation Method,"

Applied Economics, 23, 1135-1146.

1991

To estimate the recreational benefits which would result from improvements in river water quality.

Function-Use: Recreation.

CV

1987

UK Pounds per year and per month.

Value of increased enjoyment (valid cases for those who would get more enjoyment, in pences): standard A: log mean/mean: 1.78/51 (n=388); standard B: 1.82/60 (n=464); stan-dard C: 1.85/52 (n=311). WTP of each sample who were WTP increased water rates, the mean WTP of those that were so willing, the log mean, the mean and n: WTP/year: 53%, 2.96, 1203, 173; WTP/month (starting point 50p per month): 59%, 135, 153; WTP/month (starting point 1 pound per month): 56%, 2.08, 166, 132.

River

regional

United Kingdom

Green, C.H. et al.

‘’The economic evaluation of environmental goods,’’

Project Appraisal 5, pp. 70-82.

1990

River water quality improvement.

Function-Use: Water quality.

CV

Pounds per annum per capita.

(a. WTP (non visitors): 13.6;
(b. WTP (visitors): 15.6.

river

regional

United Kingdom

Green, C. H. and K. G. Willis.

‘’New Non-Use and Angling Economic Data,’’

Report to Foundation for Water Research, Marlow, Bucks.

1996

WTP of anglers for improvements in water quality

CV

Pounds per angler per visit

(a. new relatively poor coarse fishery: 4;
(b. new good coarse fishery: 6.4;
(c. new good trout fishery: 16.8;
Non use value for improvements in quality:

river

local

United Kingdom

Function-Use: Recreation.

Pounds per household per km per year

(d. from poor to medium: 0.0056;
(e. from medium to good: 0.0021.

Greenley, D.A., R.G. Walsh, and R.A. Young.

"Option Value: Empirical Evidence from a Case Study of Recreation and Water Quality,"

The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 96, 673.

1981

To develop and apply a procedure for measuring option value and other preservation values of water quality, compared to benefits from water-based recreation activities.

Function-Use: Recreation, Non-use.

CV

1976

Dollars, per month and the option, bequest, existence, recreation and total preservation and recreation values.

Mean population-weighted value of the WTP additional sales taxes for the 80% of sample households who expect to continue to use waterways in the River Basin for recreation activities in the future: $23. The total recreation-derived benefit of improved water quality to 80% of the households who expect to continue to use waterways for recreation is $79. It was equivalent to appr. $5 per household recreation activity day in 1976. The WTP for the existence value of the 20% of the households who do not use the River Basin for recreation: $25 annually, $17 annually for bequest value; total non-user value of $42 annually. For present users: WTP for existence value: $34, bequest value: $33, total: $67 annually (60% more).

River

regional

USA

Gren, I.M.

‘’Alternative Nitrogen Reduction Policies in the Malar Region, Sweden,’’

Ecological Economics, 7(2), 159-172.

1993

Denitrification functions of wetlands.

Function-Use: Habitat.

RC

1991

SEK millions (1US$= SEK 5.8).

SEK/Kg N.

(a. Value is the total cost of restoring wetlands that reduce the load of nitrogen by 1,194 tons. Significant cost reduction for nitrogen abatement can be attained through restoring wetlands: 49;
(b. Value is the high-end estimate for the marginal cost of abating 1 Kg of nitrogen through restoring wetlands. Significant cost reduction for nitrogen abatement can be attained through restoring wetlands.

Wetland

regional

Sweden

Gren, I.M., C. Folke, R.K. Turner, and I.J. Bateman.

"Primary and Secondary Values of Wetland Ecosystems,"

Environmental and Resource Economics, 4(1), 55-74.

1994

The purpose of this paper is to compare diferent approaches aimed at measuring the performance of wetlands, in particular with respect to their ability to capture the primary and secondary values of wetlands. Two categories of methods are considered; biophisical methods, and methods based on behavioural models. Due to the fact that only one case study dealt entirely with this last type of model, only that case study will be investigated here. (Bateman et al. 1993)

Function-Use: Recreation.

CV

1993

British Pound per year

1a) 67; 1b) 75; 1c) 140; 2a) 12,45; 2b) 4,08.

Wetland

local

United Kingdom

Gupta, T.R. and J.H. Foster.

‘’Economic Criteria for Freshwater Wetland Policy in Massachusetts,’’

American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 57(1), 40-45.

1975

Multiple uses/benefits associated with wetlands (value of wildlife, visual-cultural benefits, water supply, and flood control benefits of wetlands).

DF

1972

Dollars per acre per year.

(a. Value represents average benefits from flood control for low quality acres: 10; (b. Value represents average benefits from flood control for high quality acres: 80.

Wetlands

regional

USA

Bibliographic study characteristics

Study characteristics

H

Author(s)

Title

Bibliographical details

Year

Issue addressed in study/ General Function-Use Identification

Valuation technique

Year of data collection

Measurement unit

Estimated value characteristics:
Mean/Total

Water system: Groundwater/ surface water

Spatial scale

Country

Hammad, M., R. Aburas and B. Abuzahra.

‘’The Potential of Hydropower Generation in Jordan: Micro-Hydropower Analysis,’’

Energy Policy, 22(6), 523-530.

1994

Function-Use: Flooding.Hydropower in Jordan.

Function-Use: Hydropower Generation.

Other

$ thousands/ year.

(a. Value represents the cost of fuel saved from hydropower versus alternative power generation (US$1,000/year) for sites at Samra. Capital requirement and operating costs for hydropower facility were also reported: 31.6;
(b. Value represents the cost of fuel saved from hydropower versus alternative power generation (US$1,000/year) for sites at Adasia. Capital requirement and operating costs for hydropower facility were also reported 146.8

river

local

Jordan

Hanemann, W.M.

‘’Water Quality and the Demand for Recreation,’’

California Agricultural Experiment Station, University of California-Berkeley, Working Paper No. 164

1981

Beach recreation and water quality at selected beaches in the Boston area.

Function-Use: Recreation.

TC

1974

cents/ household

(a. Average benefit per household from a 50% reduction in TURB at Malibu Beach/Savin Hill, Boston is reported: 3;
(b. Average benefit per household from a 50% reduction in TURB at Sandy Beach/Upper Mystic Lake, Winchester is reported: 0.3.

Beaches, lake

regional

USA

Hanemann, M., B. Loomis, and B. Kanninen.

"Statistical Efficiency of Double-Bounded Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation,"

American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 73(4), 1255-1263.

1991

The aim of the study is to show how the statistical efficiency of dichotomous choice CVM can be improved by asking the respondent to engage in two rounds of bidding.

Function-Use: Habitat, Agricultural Supply.

CV

1989

In dollars, per year and per household.

Truncated mean (Hanemann, 1989): wetland maintenance: single/double-bounded model ($/yr): 257/152; wetland improvement: 269/251; contamination maintenance: 214/187; contamination improvement: 300/308; salmon improvement: 336/181.

River

regional

USA

Hanley, N.D.

‘’Problems in valuing environmental improvement resulting from agricultural policy changes,’’

In: A. Dubgaard and A. Nielson (eds.) Economic aspects of environmental regulation in agriculture, Wissenschaftsverlag, Vauk Kiel, Kiel.

1989

Drinking water quality improvements (reduced nitrate).

Function-Use: Water quality.

CV

Pounds per household per year.

WTP to guarantee water supplies with nitrate levels not exceeding 50mg/l: 17.14

Ground and surface water

national

United Kingdom

Hardner, J.J.

"Measuring the Value of Potable Water in Partially Monetized Rural Economies,"

Water Resources Bulletin, 32 (6), 1361-1366.

1996

This pilot study was conducted to test the potential of the CVM to reveal the value of non-market goods in a partially monetized subsistence economy. CVM was used to estimate the WTP in the form of labour for potable drinking water in a rural local community.

Function-Use: Municipal and Domestic Water Supply, Water quality.

CV

1996

WTP in days (NB here a non-monatary measure of WTP was used)

1.4 days a week for a period of one year, or 23 percent of real income

river of catchment

regional

Ecuador

Harpman, D.A., E.W. Sparling and T.J. Waddle.

‘’A methodology for quantifying and valuing the impacts of flow changes on a fishery,’’

Water Resources Research, 29(3), 575-582.

1993

Mean WTP of anglers for their average catch of brown trout, and hypothetical additions to this number of fish caught.

Function-Use: Recreation.

CV

Pounds per day.

16 - 21.5.

river

local

USA

Harrington, W., A.J. Krupnick, and W.A. Spofford.

"The Economic Losses of a Waterborne Disease Outbreak,"

Journal of Urban Economics, 25, 116-137.

1989

This paper considers the valuation of consequences of a water contamination episode that arises in the household sector of the economy, that is those directly related to individual illness or households related to a contaminated water supply.

Function-Use: Municipal and Domestic Water Supply.

CV

1984

In dollars, per year and per household.

$1540.4 for employed individuals (implicit after-tax wage rate of $6.39 per hour); $517.6 for individuals living on minimum wages (implicit after-tax minimum wage of $2.65 per hour); $484.8 for unemployed individuals (implicit after-tax wage rate of $0 per hour).

The whole system.

Local

USA

Hassan, A.A.

‘’Economic Consequences of Water Quality Change on Industrial Uses in the Chino-Riverside Area,’’

Report to Department of Water Resources, State of California. Southern District, Planning Branch. No. 1335-3-C-6.

1969

Industrial water use.

Function-Use: Industrial Supply.

Other

Dollars per acre foot.

Dollars per ppm per acre foot.

(a. Value represents cooling water treatment cost for water used in large cooling towers for Feather River Project Water with hardness 110 ppm.: 9;
(b. Value represents processing water treatment costs/ppm of hardness/ acre foot of water for industries that demineralize water: 1.

river

regional

USA

Hayes, D.F., J.W. Labadie, T.G. Sanders and J.K. Brown.

‘’Enhancing Water Quality in Hydropower System Operations,’’

Water Resources Research, 34(3), 471-483.

1998

Hydropower.

Function-Use: Hydropower Generation.

SM

1985

$ millions.

Value of power, in millions of dollars, was derived from a model with operations modified to reduce dissolved oxygen content of downstream water to the extent possible, using 1985 data: 11.

river

local

USA

Heiberg, A. and K.-G. Hem

‘’Use of formal methods in evaluating countermeasures to coastal water pollution,’’

In H.M. Seip and A. Heiberg (eds.) 1989: Risks management of chemicals in the environment, Plenum Press, London.

1987

Valuation of changes in water quality in the Kristiansand Fjord.

Function-Use: Water Quality.

CV

NOK per household per year.

450

fjord

local

Norway

Heiberg, A. and K.-G. Hem.

Regulatory impact analysis of the inner Oslo Fjord. A comparison of three different methods.

Centre for Industrial Research, report no. 880105-1, September 1988, 67 pp.

1988

Valuation of improved water quality in the Inner Oslo Fjord.

Function-Use: Water Quality.

CV

NOK per household per year.

700-900

fjord

local

Norway

Heimlich, R.E.

‘’Costs of an Agricultural Wetland Reserve,’’

Land Economics, 70(2), 234-46.

1994

Wetlands converted from cropland.

Function-Use: Agricultural Supply.

RC

1982

Dollars per acre.

(a. Value is the high estimate of the marginal costs of a 5 million acres of wetland reserve: 1184;
(b. Value is the high estimate of the total average cost (in $/acre) that minimizes reserve costs for wetland reserve of 1 million acres: 286.

Wetlands

national

USA

Herriges, J.A. and F. Shogren.

"Starting point Bias in Dichotomous Choice Valuation with Follow-Up Questioning,"

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 30, 112-131.

1996

This paper investigates starting point bias as one explanation for the significant difference between the WTP distributions implied by initial and follow-up question responses.

Function-Use: Recreation.

CV

Local residents: 1992; visitors: 1993.

In dollars, on a one time basis (payable in installments of $... over the next five years) and per program.

Both of the one-way street formats yield biased estimates of the mean. In the one-way street up format the mean WTP is drawn further down toward the initial bid (=BL=100) as the anchoring effect increases, with the mean WTP estimated to be roughly 200 (rather than its true value of 250) when achoring effect is 0.5. A similar pattern emerges from the one-way street down format. In case of the double-bounded approach, no bias arises.

Lake

regional

USA

Hervik, A., M. Risnes and J. Strand.

‘’Implicit costs and willingness to pay for development of water resources,’’

In Carlsen, A.J. (ed.) 1987: Proceedings. UNESCO Symposium on Decision Making in Water Resources Planning, May 5-7 1986, Oslo: 195-202.

1987

Estimation of the implicit WTP of the policy makers for river preservation embedded in the MP.

Function-Use: Habitat.

CV

NOK per household per year.

850-1550

river

national

Norway

Hjalte, K., K. Lidgren, A.-L. Thelander and C. Wells.

‘’Economic Consequences of Water Quality Changes in Lakes,’’

Report March 1982, TEM University of Lund.

1982

Recreational value affected by future water quality (given 3 water quality scenarios).

Function-Use: Water Quality.

TC

SEK per visitor per year.

Recreational value: 4 (on average for all recreational activities over the time period considered).

lake

local

Sweden

Holm-Müller, K., H. Hansen, M. Klockman and P. Luther.

‘’The demand for environmental quality in the Federal Republic of Germany,’’

Berichte des Umweltbundesamtes 4/91, Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin, 346 p.

1991

The study seeks to determine the demand for environmental quality.

Function-Use: Water Quality.

CV

DM per months.

(a. Marginal WTP for surface water quality improvement: 35-110; (b. Mean WTP for an improvement of the drinking water quality: 4.3.

Surface water

local

Germany

Hoevenagel, R. and J.W. van der Linden.

"Effects of Different Descriptions of the Ecological Good on Willingness to Pay Values,"

Ecological Economics, 7, 223-238.

1993

To study the effects of three descriptions of the good: a clean environment around the year 2015 on the respondents’ WTP.

Function-Use: TEV

CV

1989

Dutch Guilders, per household and per year.

Mean WTP: CE-0: ¦30.22; CE-4: ¦49.62; CE-7: ¦52.77.

The whole system.

Regional

Netherlands

Holway, J.M. and R.J. Burby

"The Effects of Floodplain Development Controls on Residential Land Values,"

Land Economics, 66 (3), 259-271.

1990

Considering the effects of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which floodplain management programs are indeed reducing the value of vacant land in the floodplain.

Function-Use: Flooding.

HP

1975-1977

US$ per thousand square feet.

Arvada: mean land value/mean parcels size (acre)/mean flood hazard (fifths in floodplain): 1,009/3.1/4.4; Cape Girar-deau: 200/1.8/3.5; Fargo: 706/1.9/4.6; Omaha: 499/ 9.6/3.0; Palatine: 1,248/0.4/3.5; Savannah: 348/9.7/4.3; Toledo: 387/4.5/2.3; Tulsa: 259/3.5/3.8; Wayne: 1,131/4.5/4.4; average: 782/3.7/3.7.

river

regional

USA

Houston, J.E. and N.K. Whittlesey.

‘’ Modeling Agricultural Water Markets for Hydropower Production in the Pacific Northwest,’’

Western Journal of Agricultural Economics, 11(2), 221-231.

1986

Agricultural and electric uses for water.

Function-Use: Agricultural Supply.

OM

1985

Dollars Millions.

(a. Value represents estimated regional consumer surplus under optimal allocation when hydropower water was valued at 40 mills (1 mill = $.001) per kilowatt hour: 2648;
(b. Value represents estimated regional consumer surplus under optimal allocation when hydropower water was valued at 20 mills (1 mill = $.001) per kilowatt hour: 2686.

River

regional

USA

Howe, C.W. and M.G. Smith.

"The Value of Water Supply Reliability in Urban Water Systems,"

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 26(1), 19-30.

1994

To determine an optimum level of urban water supply reliability and to measure what water users would be WTP for different levels of reliability.

Function-Use: Municipal and Domestic Water Supply.

CV

Year of publications: 1994.

Dollars and the probability of the SASE.

Average WTA for:

Scenario 1: B: $4.53; A: $6.65; L: flat: $10.05, metered: $11.44, all: $11.08.

Scenario 2: B:$5.44; A: $8.73; L: flat: $13.99, metered: $17.53, all: $16.06.

Scenario 3: B: $4.67; A: $5.82; L: flat: $5.62, metered: $6.27, all: $5.99; WTP (no): B: $1.07; A: $1.86; L: $0.96 (all).

Scenario 4: B: $5.32; A: $6.51; L: flat: $6.25, metered: $9.18, all: $7.97; WTP (no): B: $1.01; A: $1.95; L: $1.42 (all).

Groundwater

regional

USA

Huppert, D.D.

Measuring the Value of Fish to Anglers: Application to Central California Anadromous Species.

Marine Resource Economics, 6(2), 89-107.

1989

Recreational fishing for anadromous species (chinook salmon and striped bass).

Function-Use: Recreation.

CV

$/person.

(a. Value represents the maximum amount respondents would be willing to pay to avoid a loss in fishing quality of 50% (mean across full sample): 31.1.
(b. Value represents the maximum amount that respondents who reported catching some fish would be willing to pay for an increase in fishing quality by 100% (mean across sample of anglers who reported positive catch rates): 40.8.

river, bay

local

USA

Hushak, L.J., J.M. Winslow, and N. Dutta.

"Economic Value of Great Lakes Sportfishing: The Case of Private-Boat Fishing in Ohio’s Lake Erie,"

Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 117, 363-373.

1988

The purpose of this paper is to present the results and implications of three surveys conducted in 1981 and 1982.

Function-Use: Recreation.

TC

1981 and 1982.

In dollars per person per trip and per person per day.

Per person per trip: W: 0%: 15.28/ 69.60/4.63/89.51; 25%: 21.62/117.33/ 6.88/145.83; 50%: 34.88/165.06/9.67/ 209.61. YP: 0%: 15.70/55.49/3.97/ 75.16; 25%: 23.07/96.60/5.16/125.13; 50%: 31.01/138.32/6.7/176.05. CB: 0%: 3.40/15.06/0.26/18.72; 25%: 6.04/43.14/0.45/49.63; 50%: 8.72/71.21/0.66/80.59.

lake

regional

USA

Bibliographic study characteristics

Study characteristics

J

Author(s)

Title

Bibliographical details

Year

Issue addressed in study/ General Function-Use Identification

Valuation technique

Year of data collection

Measurement unit

Estimated value characteristics:
Mean/Total

Water system: Groundwater/ surface water

Spatial scale

Country

Jay, J.M.

"The Net Benefits of Backcountry Canoeing in Ontario Wilderness Parks: The Application of Random Utility Methods to Travel Cost Analysis,"

unpublished Master Thesis, University of Guelph, USA.

1996

The primary purpose of this study is to estimate non-market recreational welfare measures associated with policy decisions affecting the quality and quantity of wilderness canoeing in three parks.

Function-Use: Recreation.

TC

Canoeing season of 1993.

In dollars per trip.

Estimated mean compensating variation (CV) for the elimination of each trip and park alternative: A: 1/2/3 or > trips (in $): 119.46/62.50/ 1.67; K: 39.76/4.32/0.00; Q: 9.03/ 19.33/12.43. Per day: A: 36.45/17.55/ 0.56; K: 9.43/1.14/0.00; Q: 1.43/2.49/ 2.06. Mean estimates CV for a 50% reduction in expected encounters while paddling and portaging: A: 33.52/48.39/43.07; K: 1.97/3.58/4.48; Q: 1.508/2.23/1.47.

river

regional

Canada

Johnson, N.S. and R.M. Adams.

On the Marginal Value of a Fish: Some Evidence from a Steelhead Fishery.

Marine Resource Economics, 6(1), 43-55.

1989

Steelhead Fishing.

Function-Use: Recreation.

CV

$/additional steelhead.

Estimate represents the value of catching one more steelhead trout: 6.65.

river

regional

USA

Johnson, N.S. and R.M. Adams.

"Benefits of Increased Streamflow: The Case of the John Day River Steelhead Fishery,"

Water Resources Research, 24 (11), 1839-1846.

1988

To evaluate the recreational fishing benefits of incremental streamflow changes using biologic and economic assessment methods.

Function-Use: Recreation.

CV

1986/1987 steelhead fishing season.

Catch rate in hours per steelhead and dollars.

Mean bids: WTP (A): $8.58 (mean expected catch rate (hrs/steelhead): 7.1). WTP (B): $11.11 (5.0); WTP (C): $13.59 (2.9).

catchment

regional

USA

Johnson, N.S., Adams R.M. and G.M. Perry.

‘’The On-Farm Costs of Reducing Groundwater Pollution,’’

American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 73, 1063-1073.

1991

Agricultural benefits from reducing groundwater pollution

Function-Use: Agricultural Supply.

SM

Dollars, per hectares, per year.

(a. Value measures annual increase in profits from corn production under optimal nitrogen use in Shano Silt soil: 90;
(b. Value measures annual increase in profits from wheat production with a 25% reduction in soil nitrates: - 79; (c. Value measures annual increase in profits from potato production under 25% reduction in soil nitrates: - 819.

Groundwater

local

USA

Johnson, R.L., N.S. Bregenzer and B. Shelby.

Contingent Valuation Question Formats: Dichotomous Choice versus Open-Ended Responses.

Ch. 12 in Economic Valuation of Natural Resources: Issues, Theory, and Applications. Edited by Rebecca L. Johnson & Gary V. Johnson. Westview Press: Boulder, Colorado.

1990

Whitewater rafting in the Rogue River, Oregon.

Function-Use: Recreation.

CV

1985

$/person.

(a. Value is sample mean WTP estimate per visitor for a permit to access the Rogue River. Open-ended CVM question format used: 32.66; (b. Value is median WTP estimate per visitor for a permit to access the Rogue River. Dichotomous Choice CVM question format used: 48.32.

river

regional

USA

Jordan, J.L. and A.H. Elnagheeb.

"Willingness to Pay for Improvements in Drinking Water Quality,"

Water Resources Research, 29 (2), 237-245.

1993

The water qualtity of 125,000 private wells throughout Georgia poses a potential hazard to health. The nonpoint source nature of the contamination of groundwater makes the problem difficult to address with normal regulatory procedures.

Function-Use: Municipal and Domestic Water Supply, Agricultural Supply.

CV

February 1991.

In dollars, per household and per month.

Before rejecting outliers:city/county users for OLS: 12.31; for ML: 11.13. Private well users for OLS: 21.78; ML: 14.01. After rejecting outliers: city/county users for OLS: 11.28; ML: 10.07. Private well users for OLS: 16.06; ML: 12.38. The conditional mean: before rejecting outliers: city/county users for OLS: 11.59; for ML: 11.49. Private well users for OLS: 18.87; ML: 16.11. After rejecting outliers: city/county users for OLS: 10.19; ML: 10.09. Private well users for OLS: 9.00; ML: 8.89. Averages of midpoints from payment card: $12.17/HH/mo public ($146/HH/yr); $14.09/HH/mo private ($169).

Ground- and surfacewater

regional

USA

Bibliographic study characteristics

Study characteristics

K

Author(s)

Title

Bibliographical details

Year

Issue addressed in study/ General Function-Use Identification

Valuation technique

Year of data collection

Measurement unit

Estimated value characteristics:
Mean/Total

Water system: Groundwater/ surface water

Spatial scale

Country

Kanazawa, M.

‘’Pricing Subsidies and Economic Efficiency: The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation,’’

Journal of Law and Economics, 36(1), 205-234.

1993

The shadow (marginal) value of water sold by Bureau of Reclamation to farmers in California.

Function-Use: Agricultural Supply.

MV

1977

Dollars per additional acre foot.

The value reported is the average marginal value of water to farms in the Westland Water District in 1982: 53.05.

Ground and surface water

regional

USA

Kaoru, Y.

‘’Measuring Marine Recreation Benefits of Water Quality Improvements by the Nested Random Utility Model,’’

Resource and Energy Economics, 17(2), 119-136.

1995

Recreation fishing benefits from water quality improvement.

Function-Use: Habitat.

TC

1982

Dollars per trip.

(a. Value is $/trip benefits for visitors to the Pamlico Sound. When fish catch rate improves by 25%, nitrogen pollution reduced to mid-level and discharged suspended solids reduced to lowest level: 0.25;
(b. Value represents the average welfare loss from a site closure if Albemarle was closed: -2.19.

estuary

local

USA

Kaoru, Y., V.K. Smith, and J.L. Liu.

"Using Random Utility Models to Estimate the Recreational Value of Estuarine Resources,"

American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 77, 141-151.

1995

Using a household production framework to link measures of nonpoint source pollution to fishing quality and a random utility model to describe how that quality influences sport fishing parties’ decision.

Function-Use: Recreation.

TC

1981 and 1982.

Dollars, years, miles per hour, horsepower and nitrogen loadings.

Range of mean value in the database per study(min - max)

11-site Model: 0.1186/appr. 9.5;
23-site Model: appr. 1.0/11.0; 35-site
Model: appr. 2.0/9.0.

Estuarine. BAY

regional

USA

Kask, S.B. and J.F. Shogren.

"Benefit Transfer Protocol for Long- Term Health Risk Valuation: A Case of Surface Water Contamination,"

Water Resource Research, 30 (10), 2813-2823.

1994

There are not many studies of the concept of benefit transfer. Up to now these studies have only focused on recreational benefits and the discussion must now be expanded to include the reduction in risk to public health.They want to estimate the ex ante economic value to avoid an increase in dioxin limits and estimate the value of avoiding an increase in the probability of chronic morbidity or cancer mortality, or both.

Function-Use: Recreation, Agricultural Supply, Municipal and Domestic Water Supply.

Ben Trans

It differs: 1989, 1991 and 1992 (???).

Dollars and years.

Viscusi et al.: $ per 1/100,000 decrease in risk of chronic bronchitis; mean: 8.83 (WTP). Implicit dollar value per chronic bronchitis case: mean 883,000 (WTP). $- value per 1/ 100,000 decrease in risk of accidential death: mean: 81.84 (WTP). Mean value of statistical life, millions of $: 8.184 (WTP). Smith and Desvousges: example: WTP in $ per 5/50 decrease in exposure with contamination endpoint risk of 1/100; mean: $14.19 (WTP). For endpoint 1/200: mean: $26.20 (WTP).

Surface water.

Regional

USA

Kiel, K.A.

"Measuring the Impact of the Discovery and Cleaning of Identified Hazardous Waste Sites on House Values,"

Land Economics, 71 (4), 428-435.

1995

To estimate the effect of the existence of toxic sites on house values from before information on their toxicity was released by the federal government until several years after cleaning strategies were announced.

Function-Use: Municipal and Domestic Water Supply.

HP

January 1975 through December 1992.

Dollars, square feet, years and miles.

n.a.

Wells. NO WATER: TOXIC WASTE ON SITE FOR HOUSES

local

USA

Kirchhoff, S., B.G. Colby, and J.T. LaFrance.

"Evaluating the Performance of Benefit Transfer: An Empirical Inquiry,"

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 33, 75-93.

1997

To develop a methodololy to evaluate the performance of direct benefit transfer and benefit function transfer.

Function-Use: Recreation, Habitat.

CV

Spring and summer of 1992.

US$

Policy site (= site under consideration)/study site (= site for which the original estimates were obtained): Taos Box/Lower Gorge: 26.68; Lower Gorge/Taos Box: 20.22; Ramsey Canyon/San Pedro, all respondents: 125.74; Ramsey Canyon/San Pedro, birders: 125.74; San Pedro, all respondents/Ramsey Canyon: 80.41; San Pedro, birders/Ramsey Canyon: 90.14.

river

regional

USA

Kirshner, D. and D. Moore.

"The Effect of San Francisco Bay Water Quality on Adjacent Property Values,"

Journal of Environmental Management, 29(3), 263-274.

1989

This study estimates the value of variations in water quality to the Bay Area residents by using a HP equation to examine the price of residential properties adjacent to the Bay.

Function-Use: Municipal and Domestic Water Supply, Recreation, Agricultural Supply.

HP

1985 and 1986.

In dollars and per property.

1. The implicit marginal price of proximity to water is appr.: $65,000 (=20% of property’s value), while in 2. The implicit marginal price is appr.: $24,000 (=9%). So the marginal implicit price of this change in water condition is estimated to be appr. $41,000 (11%) per waterfront property.

Estuarine system. WATER FLOWS FROM RIVERS

regional

USA

Klein, R.J.T. and I.J. Bateman.

"The Recreation Value of Cley Marshes Nature Reserve: An Argument against Managed Retreat?,"

Water and Environmental Management, 12, 280-285.

1998

The main aim of this study is to provide an estimate of the recreational value of the Cley Reserve.

Function-Use: Recreation, Habitat.

CV, TC

1996

A: In UK pounds, per household, per year or per visit. B: In UK pounds, per party per annum.

WTPfee (incl. Zero-bids, in UK pounds): 1.58; WTPfee (excl.): 2.22; WTPtax (incl.): 48.15; WTPtax (excl.): 62.08.

Reserve.

Regional

United Kingdom

Kosz, M.

"Valuing Riverside Wetlands: The Case of the "Donau-Auen" National Park,"

Ecological Economics, 16, 109-127.

1996

The aim of this paper is briefly to review the main results of the cost-benefit analysis concerning all the variables that depend on direct anthropocentric use, including energy production with hydroelectric power stations, shipping, ground water protection, stabilisation of the river bed to stop channel erosion, visitors’ benefits, forestry, farming, fishing, hunting, and the costs of establishing a national park. This was done because there was a plan to build one or more hydroelectric power stations in the area under study, the Donau-Auen. This was operationalized by 4 different development projects. (1) Establishing a national park in all easily available areas (not included in the WTP value). (2) Founding a national park in all available areas including private property; concept of hydraulic engeneering including extensive measures artificially changing the waterway to avoid further river bed erosion. (3) Constuction of a hydroelectric power station near Wolfsthal. (4) Construction of a hydroelectric power station near Wildungsmauer.(The last project is higher inmagnitude compared to the third).

Function-Use: Recreation, Habitat.

CV

1993 (June and July)

ATS 1993 a year

2a) 919,80; 2b) 329,25; 3a) 694,9; 3b) 122,21; 4a) 689,85; 4b) 69,63.

River

regional

Austria

Kreutzwiser, R.

The Economic Significance of the Long Point Marsh, Lake Erie, as a Recreational Resource.

Great Lakes Resource, 7(2), 105-110.

1981

Recreational use of Long Point and Point Pelee, Lake Erie.

Function-Use: Recreation.

TC

1978

$/user group/visit.

Value measures sample average consumer surplus per group per visit: 34.85.

lake

local

USA

Kwak, S.J., Lee, J. and C.S. Russell.

‘’Dealing With Censored Data From Contingent Valuation Surveys: Symmetrically-Trimmed Least Squares Estimation,’’

Southern Economic Journal, 63(3), 743-750.

1997

Drinking water.

Function-Use: Municipal and Domestic Water Supply.

CV

1992

$/month/household

Data included follow up questions for respondents reporting zero WTP. These respondents are asked if they would need to be compensated for any changes in water quality. The model was estimated using OLS, Tobit, and a symmetrically-trimmed LS method: 3.12.

ground and surface water

regional

Korea

Kwak, S.J. and C.S. Russell.

"Contingent Valuation in Korean Environmental Planning: A Pilot Application to the Protection of Drinking Water Quality in Seoul,"

Environmental and Resource Economics, 4(5), 511-526.

1994

To calculate the WTP for the Seoul’s drinking water supply system.

Function-Use: Municipal and Domestic Water Supply.

CV

January, 12 to February 6, 1992.

Won, per household and per year.

WTP: 2,603 Won; respondent’s attitude toward current tap water quality (1= very good; 5= very bad): 3.597; monthly expenditure for a tap water filtration system (unit= 1000 won): 1.571; monthly expenditure for bottled water: 1.859; dummy for having taken a trip to obtain spring water to use for drinking during last 5 years (1=yes; 0=no): 0.356; subjective estimate of the number of drinking water contamination accidents that might occur in next 5 years if the government takes no action: 3.873; monthly combined bill for water and sewerage service: 4.816.

river

regional

Korea

Kyber, M.

‘’Impacts for recreational use of waterways caused by pollution and their evaluation in the inspection of scene,’’

Technical Research Centre of Finland, Research notes 23: 1981. Espoo, 90 p.

1981

Present value of property along shore area. Water quality affecting average value per square metre of shore areas with summer cottages and permanent dwellings going down to level 3.

Function-Use: Water Quality.

HP

%

(a. Level II (good) to level III (satisfactory): market value of on shore real estate fell by 30%; (b. Level II (good) to level IV (passing): market value of on shore real estate fell by 45%; (c. Level II (good) to level V (poor): market value of on shore real estate fell by 55%.

Surface water

national

Finland