Appendices

APPENDIX A

Agenda and Timetable

Note: CONSRN agencies will highlight their respective proposed Programmes by way of background statements to be provided to the meeting.

APPENDIX B

List of Participants

COUNTRIES

INDIA

Ajay Bhattacharya
Joint Secretary (Fisheries)
Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying
Ministry of Agriculture
240 Dr. Rajendra Prasad Road
Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi 110 001
India
Tel: 91-11 23381994
Fax: 91-11 23070370
E-mail: [email protected];
[email protected]

Amarjit Banga
Director (Fisheries)
Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying
Ministry of Agriculture
240 Dr. Rajendra Prasad Road
Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi 110 001
India
Tel: 91-11 23097012
Fax: 91-11 23070279
E-mail: [email protected];
[email protected]

INDONESIA

Fatuchri Sukadi
Director-General
Directorate General of Aquaculture
Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries
Jl. Harsono
RM No. 3 (Blg. B, Fl. 6)
Jakarta, Indonesia
Tel: 062-21 789 0552
Fax: 062-21 7883 5853
E-mail: [email protected]

Saut Hutagalung
Director of Planning and International
Cooperation Bureau
Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries
Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur No. 16
Jakarta, Indonesia
Tel: 62-21 3520337
Fax: 62-21 3520337
E-mail: [email protected]

Dedy Heryadi Sutisna
Director, Caputure Fisheries Facility
Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries
Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur No. 16
Jakarta, Indonesia
Tel: 62-21 3500049
Fax: 62-21 3500049
E-mail: [email protected]

MALAYSIA

Abdul Hamid bin Abd. Shukor
Director, Development and Technical Advisory and Support Division
Department of Fisheries Malaysia
Ministry of Agriculture
Jalan Sultan Salahuddin
50628 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Tel: 6-03 26175552
Fax: 6-03 26920080
E-mail: [email protected]

Mohad Khazin bin Hamzah
Director, Institutional Development and Fisheries Community
Fisheries Development Board Authority
Wisma PKNS, Jalan Raja Laut
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Tel: 6-03 26177050/51
Fax: 6-03 26989384
E-mail: [email protected]

MYANMAR

U Hla Win
Deputy Director-General
Department of Fisheries
Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries
Sin Min Road, Ahlone Township
Yangon, Myanmar
Tel: 095-01 228621
Fax: 095-01 228258
E-mail: [email protected]

U Win Myint Maung
Deputy Director
Department of Fisheries
Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries
Sin Min Road, Ahlone Township
Yangon, Myanmar
Tel: 095-01 4224258
Fax: 095-01 228258
E-mail: [email protected]

SRI LANKA

Ranepura Hewage Piyasena
Additional Secretary (Development)
Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Maligawatte Secretariat
Colombo 10, Sri Lanka
Tel: 94-11 2437948
Fax: 94-11 2437948
E-mail: [email protected]

E.M.R.K.B. Edirisinghe
Head, Post Harvest Technology Division
National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency
Crow Island, Mattakkuliya
Colombo 15, Sri Lanka
Tel: 94-11 2521000
Fax: 94-11 2521932
E-mail: [email protected]

THAILAND

Jaranthada Karnasuta
Deputy Director-General
Department of Fisheries
Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900
Thailand
Tel: 66-2 5620526
Fax: 66-2 5620554
E-mail: [email protected]

Wimol Jantrarotai
Technical Advisor on International Fisheries Affairs
Department of Fisheries
Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900
Thailand
Tel: 66-9 9686281
Fax: 66-2 5623132
E-mail: [email protected]

Chalermchai Suwannarak
Senior Fisheries Biologist
Department of Fisheries
Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900
Thailand
Tel: 66-2 5610834
Fax: 66-2 5610834
E-mail: [email protected]

Chul Sinhaipanich
Assistant to Deputy Director-General
Department of Fisheries
Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900
Thailand
Tel: 66-2 5620526
Fax: 66-2 5620554
E-mail: [email protected]

DONORS

Vidhisha Samarasekara (MS)
Natural Resources Management Specialist
Agriculture, Environment and Natural Resources Division
South Asia Department
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City
0401 Metro Manila, Philippines
P.O. Box 789, 0980 Manila, Philippines
Tel: 63-2 632-5656
Fax: 63-2 636-2391
E-mail: [email protected]

Barney Smith
ACIAR Fisheries Program
c/o NSW Fisheries Research Institute
202 Nicholson Parade
P.O. Box 21, Cronulla, NSW 2230
Australia
Tel: 61-2 9527 8462/3
Fax: 61-2 9523 5966
E-mail: [email protected]

John Kalish
Deputy Executive Director
Bureau of Rural Sciences
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
G.P.O. Box 858, Canberra, ACT 2601
Australia
Tel: 61-2 6272-4045
Fax: 61-2 6272-4014
E-mail: [email protected]

Peter Millington
Director, Fisheries Management Services
Department of Fisheries
Western Australia
3rd Fl., 168 St. Georges Tce
Perth 6000, Australia
Tel: 61-8 9482 7333
Fax: 61-8 9481 3576
E-mail: [email protected]

Isabell Poppelbaum (MS)
Cooperation Section
EU Delegation
Kian Gwan House II, 19th Floor
140 Wireless Road
Bangkok 10330
Thailand
Tel: 66-2 3052737
Fax: 66-2 2559113
E-mail: [email protected]

Hideke Hagiwara
First Secretary of Agriculture
Embassy of Japan
1674 New Petchburi Road
Bangkok 10320
Tel: 66-2 2526151
Fax: 66-2 2556999
E-mail: [email protected]

Magnus Torell
SIDA/SEAFDEC
SEAFDEC
P.O. Box 1046 Kasetsart University Post Office
Bangkok 10903, Thailand
Tel: 66-2 9406326
Fax: 66-2 9406336
E-mail: [email protected]

Barbara Best
Coastal Resources and Policy Advisor
US Agency for International Development
USAID EGAT/NRM Rm 3.8
1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20523
Tel: (202) 7120553
Fax: (202) 2163174
E-mail: [email protected]

Richard Volk
Progamme Manager
US Agency for International Development
USAID EGAT/NRM Rm 3.8
1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20523
Tel: (202) 7125373
Fax: (202) 2163174
E-mail: [email protected]

Nat Pinnoi
Environmental Economist
World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
14th Floor, Diethelm Tower A
93/1 Wireless Road, Bangkok 10330
Tel: 66-2 2567792-3
Fax: 66-2 2567794-5

INTER-GOVERNMENTAL ASSOCIATION

Benedicto Bayaua
Secretary-General
Asia-Pacific Rural and Agricultural Credit Association (APRACA)
c/o FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Phra Athit Road, Bangkok 10200
Thailand
Tel: 66-2 6291962; 2800195
Fax: 66-2 2801524
E-mail: [email protected]

NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

Chandrika Sharma (MS)
Executive Secretary
International Collective Support of Fisherworkers (ICSF)
27, College Road
Chennai 600 006, India
Tel: 91-44 28275303
Fax: 91-44 28254457
E-mail: [email protected]

Ramya Rajagopalan (MS)
Programme Assistant, ICSF
27, College Road
Chennai 600 006, India
Tel: 91-44 28275303
Fax: 91-44 28254457
E-mail: [email protected]

V. Vivekanandan
Chief Executive
South Indian Federation of Fishermens' Societies (SIFFS)
Karamana, Trivandrum 695 002
India
Tel: 91-471 2343711
Fax: 91-471 2342053
E-mail: [email protected]

Thomas Kocherry
Committee Member
World Forum of Fisher Peoples (WFFP)
Velankanny Junction, Valiathura - PO
Trivandrum 695-008
India
Tel: 91-471 2501 376
Fax: 91-471 2501 376
E-mail: [email protected]

A.L. Shanthikumar
National Fisheries Solidarity (NAFSO)
No. 10, Malwaththa Road
Negombo, Sri Lanka
Tel: 91-31 4870658
Fax: 91-31 4870658
E-mail: [email protected]

A.S. Soosai
Senior Lecturer, Department of Geography
University of Jaffna
Jaffna, Sri Lanka
Tel: 94-21 222 5317
Fax: 94-31 487 0658
E-mail: [email protected]

Edy Suhartono
Executive Director
Advocacy for North Sumatra Fisherfolk (JALA)
Jl. Monginsidi I, 20 A
Medan 20152, Indonesia
Tel/Fax: 62-61 4159343
E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected]

Ravadee Prasertshcharoensuk Duangkamol Sirisook
Sustainable Development Foundation
86 Soi Ladprao 110 (yeak 2)
Wangthonglang, Bangkok 10310
Thailand
Tel: 66-09 6685580; 935 2983-4
Fax: 66-2 9352980
E-mail: [email protected];
[email protected]

Gary Dahl
Country Director
American Refugee Committee
37 Soi 15 Petchburi Road
Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Tel: 66-2 2525186
Fax: 66-2 5532899
E-mail: [email protected]

CONSRN PARTNERS

Yugraj Yadava
Director
Bay of Bengal Programme Inter-Governmental Organisation (BOBP-IGO)
91, St. Mary's Road, Abhiramapuram
Chennai 600 018
Tamil Nadu, India
Tel: 91-44 24936294
Fax: 91-44 24936102
E-mail: [email protected];
[email protected]

Pedro Bueno
Director-General
Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA)
Kasetsart University Campus
Bangkhen, Bangkok 10900
Thailand
Tel: 66-2 5611728
Fax: 66-2 5611730
E-mail: [email protected]

Simon Wilkinson
Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific
Kasetsart University Campus
Bangkhen, Bangkok 10900
Thailand
Tel: 66-2 5611728
Fax: 66-2 5611730
E-mail: [email protected]

Michael Phillips
Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific
Kasetsart University Campus
Bangkhen, Bangkok 10900
Thailand
Tel: 66-2 5611728
Fax: 66-2 5611730
E-mail: [email protected]

C.V. Mohan
Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific
Kasetsart University Campus
Bangkhen, Bangkok 10900
Thailand
Tel: 66-2 5611728
Fax: 66-2 5611730
E-mail: [email protected]

Bhitchit Rattakul
Expert
Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific
Kasetsart University Campus
Bangkhen, Bangkok 10900
Thailand
Tel: 66-2 5611728
Fax: 66-2 5611730
E-mail: [email protected]

John Ackerman
c/o Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific
Kasetsart University Campus
Bangkhen, Bangkok 10900
Thailand
Tel: 66-2 5611728
Fax: 66-2 5611730
E-mail: [email protected]

Yasuhisa Kato
Special Adviser
Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC)
Kasetsart University Campus
P.O. Box 1046 Kasetsart University Post Office
Bangkok 10903, Thailand
Tel: 66-2 9406326-9
Fax: 66-2 9406336
E-mail: [email protected]

Suriyan Vichitlekarn
Policy and Programme Coordinator
Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC)
Kasetsart University Campus
P.O. Box 1046 Kasetsart University Post Office
Bangkok 10903, Thailand
Tel: 66-2 9406326-9
Fax: 66-2 9406336
E-mail: [email protected]

Rujarek Bumrasarinpai
Associate Professional Officer
Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC)
Kasetsart University Campus
P.O. Box 1046 Kasetsart University Post Office
Bangkok 10903, Thailand
Tel: 66-2 9406326-9
Fax: 66-2 9406336
E-mail: [email protected]

Stephen Hall
Director-General
WorldFish Center
Jalan Batu Maung
11960 Bayan Lepas
Penang, Malaysia
Tel: 6-04 6202201
Fax: 6-04 6265690
E-mail: [email protected]

Ilona Stobutzki
WorldFish Center
Jalan Batu Maung
11960 Bayan Lepas
Penang, Malaysia
Tel: 6-04 6202201
Fax: 6-04 6265690
E-mail: [email protected]

Helen Leitch
Director, Business Department
WorldFish Center
Jalan Batu Maung
11960 Bayan Lepas
Penang, Malaysia
Tel: 6-04 626 1606
Fax: 6-04 626 5690
E-mail: [email protected]

Jeremy Turner
Chief, Fishing Technology Service
FI Tsunami Focal Point
FAO Fisheries Department
Via delle Terme di Caracalla
00100 Rome, Italy
E-mail: [email protected]

Dominique Greboval
Senior Fishery Officer
Development Planning Service
Fisheries Department
Via delle Terme di Caracalla
00100 Rome, Italy
E-mail: [email protected]

Peter Flewwelling
FAO Consultant
c/o FAO Fisheries Department
Via delle Terme di Caracalla
00100 Rome, Italy
E-mail: [email protected]

Ulrich Schmidt
Senior Fishery Advisor, Indonesia
C/o FAO Banda Aceh
Tel: 62-811946869
E-mail: [email protected]

Jean Lery
Senior Fishery Advisor, Maldives
E-mail: [email protected]

Derek J. Staples
Senior Fishery Officer
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Phra Athit Road, Bangkok 10200
Thailand
E-mail: [email protected]

Simon Funge-Smith
Aquaculture Officer
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Phra Athit Road, Bangkok 10200, Thailand
E-mail: [email protected]

Shunji Sugiyama
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Phra Athit Road, Bangkok 10200
Thailand
E-mail: [email protected]

SECRETARIAT

Derek J. Staples
Senior Fishery Officer

David Brown
FAO Consultant (Tsunami)
E-mail: [email protected]

William Savage
c/o Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific
Kasetsart University Campus
Bangkhen, Bangkok 10900
Thailand
E-mail: [email protected]

Pornsuda David
Technical Assistant
E-mail: [email protected]

Kesara Aotarayakul
Secretary
E-mail: [email protected]

Holly Rogers
Intern with FAO
E-mail: [email protected]

Yvonne Wood
Intern with FAO
E-mail: [email protected]

APPENDIX C

List of Documents provided to participants

Working papers

RC/WP-01: Provisional agenda and timetable
RC/WP-02: Background paper
RC/WP-03: Strategic framework paper (draft)
RC/WP-04: CONSRN flagship programme (draft)
RC/WP-05 : Country papers

1. India
2. Indonesia
3. Malaysia
4. Myanmar
5. Sri Lanka
6. Thailand

Information papers

RC/INF-01: Provisional list of documents
RC/INF-02: List of delegates and observers
RC/INF-03: CONSRN Concept Note
RC/INF-04: Workshop prospectus
RC/INF-05: Agency programme papers

1. BOBP-IGO
2. FAO
3. NACA/STREAM
4. SEAFDEC
5. WorldFish

RC/INF-06: CONSRN Project proposal for assessment needs review

RC/INF-07: Statement from the Regional conference on rebuilding peasants' and fisherfolks' livelihoods

RC/INF-08: UNEP guiding principles

APPENDIX D

OPENING STATEMENT

By

He Changchui
Assistant Director-General and
Regional Representative for Asia and the Pacific

It is my pleasure to welcome all participants to this regional workshop on The rehabilitation of fisheries and aquaculture of coastal communities in Asia.

The world is still trying to grasp the enormity of the 26 December 2004 earthquake in Indonesia and consequent coastal floods which affected Asian countries around the Indian Ocean. The impact of this natural disaster on local populations was extremely severe in terms of death and injury, livelihood disruption, unemployment, asset loss and out-migration.

FAO expresses its deepest condolences to those affected and re-iterates its commitment to assisting the countries involved in rebuilding and rehabilitation.

Ladies and gentlemen,

You will have noticed that a large number of logos are on display in this room, reflecting the truly collaborative nature of this initiative of the Consortium to Restore Shattered Livelihoods in Tsunami-Devastated Nations (CONSRN). The consortium was formed shortly after the tsunami struck as a way of combining specialized networks and sharing information among the international and regional organizations that carry responsibilities for providing fishery and aquaculture assistance to the countries impacted by the disaster. These include the Bay of Bengal Programme - Intergovernmental Organisation (BOBP-IGO); the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA); the Southeast Asia Fisheries Development Centers (SEAFDEC); the WorldFish Center (WorldFish); and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations through its Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.

You may have also noticed that within 24 hours after the disaster, FAO had mobilized teams of national and international experts already present in the area to assess the damage to the agriculture and fisheries sectors and identify the assistance needed. The evaluations confirmed that fisheries was the worst-hit sector, especially in Sri Lanka, although severe localized crop losses were also reported, particularly in the Maldives and parts of Indonesia. However, even in cases in which damage to the national economy is limited, local communities will experience severe food security impacts in the short- and long-term as parents and relatives have been lost, livelihood assets including houses, farm, fisheries and aquaculture implements, crops, food stores and forestry resources, as well as domestic farm animals, have been destroyed and previous sources of income no longer exist.

We now know that among some 300 000 deaths and missing, there have been over 60 000 deaths in the fishing sector alone, with the livelihoods of over 1.5 million people in the fishing and aquaculture communities under threat.

In terms of economic loss, FAO's latest estimates from India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Somalia, Sri Lanka and Thailand combined put the cost at US$520 million. This relates to 111 073 fishing vessels destroyed or damaged; 36 235 engines lost or damaged beyond repair; 1.7 million units of fishing gear destroyed; and US$200 million of damage to infrastructure (such as aquaculture operations, fishing infrastructure, and harbours).

FAO has participated fully in the coordination efforts and in the United Nations Flash Appeal launched on 6 January. The Organization has appealed for US$26.5 million to provide emergency aid to the farming and fishery communities hit by the tsunami. In addition to this, FAO has appealed for rehabilitation activities in Thailand, in partnership with UNDP and UNEP.

While such short-term assistance is indispensable, FAO also intends to implement medium- and long-term rehabilitation programmes to restore fish production, processing and export capabilities. This requires that due emphasis be given in this process to enhancing livelihoods and food security, as well as to ensuring that capacities are rebuilt in accordance with the requirements of sustainable resource use and improved environmental protection. Other areas of concern include linkages of the fisheries and aquaculture sectors to the early warning systems for natural disasters and response, rehabilitation of salt-affected soils, repair of large-scale irrigation infrastructure and restoration of biodiversity.

The task ahead of us is complex and challenging, and no single organization can deal with it effectively alone. We are ready and willing to work with partners to undertake assessment of longer term impacts and introduce a stepwise rehabilitation approach to ensure sustainable development in the region. This will lead amongst other things to:

• the provision of physical assets where needed (such as the provision of nets, boats and fishing gear, landing and processing facilities, aquaculture facilities),

• the provision of financial support (including appropriate microfinance/credit),

• training and capacity building (for affected people and agencies),

• rehabilitation of natural resources (through coastal zone management strategies), and

• helping the recovery of communities through strengthening of community organizations and networking.

Ladies and gentlemen,

As we move into the long-term rehabilitation and reconstruction process, FAO stresses the need for a shared vision of a sustainable approach to reconstruction, and the need to agree on a "blueprint" for what we are attempting to build and how we are going to realize this vision.

This vision must be based on restoring the livelihoods of those affected and include sustainable management of the natural resource base, such as coral reefs and mangrove forests and associated fisheries on which a sustainable recovery will depend.

The primary output of the workshop will be a regional strategy together with a programme framework for long-term rehabilitation and sustainable development of fisheries and aquaculture in all affected countries. Our medium to long-term programming exercise will be based on a regional perspective with strong country dimensions. It will also need to emphasize and recognize the benefits of international cooperation, crucial to address the enormous challenges of people and livelihoods in the coastal zones of the affected countries.

I am confident that our collective wisdom, expertise and joint mission provide a firm footing to build this strategy for rehabilitation as well as for sound project formulation and targeting of interested donors

I wish you well in your endeavors and look forward to seeing the output of this workshop.

I hereby declare the workshop open.

APPENDIX E

Consortium to Restore Shattered Livelihoods in
Tsunami-Devastated Nations (CONSRN)

Concept note

Background

The massive earthquake and subsequent tsunami waves that originated off the west coast of northern Sumatra have caused extensive damage to coastal communities throughout the southern Bay of Bengal. Varying degrees of severity in the loss of lives and damage to properties were suffered by northern Sumatra, the western coast of Sri Lanka, southern India, the Maldives, Andaman Nicobar Islands, northern Malaysia, southern Thailand and southern Myanmar as well as Somalia, Tanzania and Kenya.

Approximately 400 million people live in coastal communities of the Bay of Bengal and many of these have been seriously impacted. Damage includes loss of whole villages, homes, fishing and aquaculture infrastructure (including port and post-harvest facilities), fishing vessels and gear, aquaculture facilities (including ponds, cages, hatcheries and brood stock), markets, as well as other livelihoods assets. The scale of the damage to coastal areas will stretch the abilities of local services to provide the necessary support to impacted communities and households over the coming year or more.

Immediate relief is urgently needed to deal with the life and death situations in the stricken communities. This phase will be followed by a period of restoration and recovery which national and international leaders at the Jakarta Summit foresee would take five years, during which efforts will be geared to the sustainable development of the communities and various economic sectors including agriculture, fisheries and aquaculture, and tourism. A widely held view based on experiences from previous disasters is the need to couple rehabilitation with reforms, to avoid the re-institution and repetition, or even creation, of new causes of risk and vulnerability to the lives and livelihoods of impacted people. Such risks range from unsustainable management systems and practices, and lack of preparedness and response systems, to lack of or inadequacies in legal and regulatory systems. All of these conspire to make poor and landless people more vulnerable to disasters of any kind.

The activities of the Regional Consortium will be directed to address this need for such a holistic approach to assure sustainable development during the rehabilitation phase.

Why a Consortium?

Natural disasters require the urgent provision of basic humanitarian assistance. In the case of the tsunami-impacted countries, this phase is ongoing and the rush to answer immediate needs inevitably means that coordination is a critical responsibility between agencies and actors. This initial response phase must tolerate a high degree of overlap and inefficiency due to the critically short response times that are required.

In contrast, rehabilitation efforts (which will commence about six months following the disaster and are foreseen to last at least five years), will not enjoy the same tolerance for errors, deliberate or inadvertent. While less urgent, the longer term implications of rehabilitation require that it is given sufficient time for preparation. An important feature of preparation is the development of a framework for cooperation among rehabilitation agents, so that efforts and resources are not wasted and do not create more problems than they solve. Critically, effective cooperation is a means to ensure that work is harmonized.

A Consortium approach to multi-agency cooperation is a framework for working that is least burdened by the inevitable bureaucratic processes. These arise from the diverse institutional arrangements of cooperating agencies, each with its unique procedures and systems. Consortium partners are not required to sign up to any binding agreement; they agree (as institutions) to cooperate and collaborate in the formulation of a Programme that will serve to harmonize their activities. This Programme also has the important additional function of removing the requirement for a single coordinating agency - an issue that often disables the best intentioned collaborative efforts among agencies. Through a Consortium arrangement, agencies are able to focus efforts on well-planned and well-targeted rehabilitation and sustainable development activities, harmonious with the work of the partners, that are not sidetracked or slowed down by the need for interweaving bureaucratic processes.

Importantly, such a framework for cooperation enhances the partners' ownership of the Programme, complements each other's efforts and builds on each other's achievements. This allows more efficient use of resources and provides an effective mechanism for sharing valuable lessons and results within the Consortium as well as effective interaction with those working with the Consortium.

Mode of Cooperation

The Regional Consortium partners agree to concerted action to address the numerous and varied rehabilitation needs. In practical terms, action will be assured by a widely agreed Consortium Programme, formulated by the partners, which broadly provides the guiding principles, suggests a range of strategies, and describes possible approaches to respond to rebuilding needs and those of the longer-term sustainable development of livelihoods.

The Programme will provide the unifying element to harmonize various complementary activities which may be (a) collaboratively implemented by all partners, (b) jointly by some partners working in a subgroup, or (c) separately by each partner. The Programme would give coherence and complementarity to what would otherwise be disparate, overlapping, conflicting or mutually-negating activities.

Partners

The institutions and organizations that have agreed to form the Consortium have mandates to work with sustainable development livelihoods that are based on fisheries and aquaculture in coastal areas. The core government partners are:

• The Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN through its Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAO RAP)

• Bay of Bengal Programme - Intergovernmental Organisation (BOBP-IGO)

• Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA)

• Southeast Asia Fisheries Development Centers (SEAFDEC), and

• The WorldFish Center (WFC).

Interested NGOs include Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC), Sustainable Development Foundation (SDF) and the International Collection in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF).

Other partners will be involved in many aspects of the Programme, including planning assistance, mobilization of resources and implementation of activities.

Objectives

The Consortium will provide a mechanism to harmonize the activities of the core partners in terms of:

1. Collating and disseminating up-to-date information on the impact of the tsunami

2. Demonstrating credible assessment of damages and needed efforts and resources for rehabilitation

3. Developing and sharing with all concerned agencies appropriate guidelines for the planning and implementation of livelihoods, community and sector rehabilitation programmes

4. Coordinating immediate short-term aid efforts to rehabilitate affected coastal communities

5. Building a common vision, objectives and strategy for medium- to long-term rehabilitation of coastal communities, and

6. Coordinating on-the-ground activities to meet the common vision.

Working Arrangements

The Consortium will be a voluntary activity of the agencies involved and will not imply any legal or other commitment or compensation. The Consortium will work together, mainly through electronic communications and "virtual office" means, to conduct the activities that can be costeffectively done through such means. The Consortium will provide a forum for the sharing of information and views and development of strategies.

Resources and Funding

The Consortium partners will bring their own resources into the development of and implementation of the activities that will emanate from the Programme. A Consortium common fund may be developed in due course.

Core funding of involved staff will be provided by the Consortium agencies with additional funding being mobilized according to the policy of each Consortium partner.

Each partner may raise resources to augment its own internal resources (in any way it sees fit within its institutional policy) and bring these resources on to the "Consortium table". One partner's funds do not go into a common fund. (However, such funds are shared, in a way, with the Consortium by its being applied to a project or activity that is in line with the Programme). In a case where two or more partners agree to jointly implement a project, the collaborators in that project will decide on how the project is funded, the source of funds, and their respective contribution to the project cost. In the last instance, the partners may agree to cost in-kind contributions and count these as a contribution to the project.

Activities

The Consortium will:

1. Collaborate on bringing together the most up-to-date information on impacts

2. Report on action taken by core Consortium partners

3. Collaborate on and conduct combined needs analysis

4. Develop agreed rehabilitation plans

5. Develop a rehabilitation Programme that involves both core partners and other related activities

6. Implement the Programme

7. Work collectively to mobilize additional resources as appropriate

8. Monitor and report on progress, and

9. Disseminate the activities and impacts of its work.

Initiation of the Consortium

The Consortium was conceived on 31 December 2004, when by that time some of the partners listed above had communicated with each other their agreement in principle to join a collaborative framework. It was also by that time that the tentative name and acronym (CONSRN) of the Consortium was proposed and subsequently used in internet-based communications among prospective partners and numerous concerned persons. It was also by that time that the work on the regional assessment of loss and damages had been initiated and its first edition readied for dissemination.

The Consortium was initiated at an 11 January 2005 meeting on the subject, convened by FAO RAP and attended by FAO RAP, NACA and SEAFDEC, the ASEAN Disaster Prevention Council and Thailand's NGO Coordinating Council.

Review and evaluation

The effectiveness of the Consortium will be reviewed regularly. After the five-year rehabilitation period a major review will be conducted and the future of the Consortium decided. During this time partners may withdraw without prejudice to its rejoining, and others may join. The partners may jointly or severally enter into other collaborative arrangements for the ensuing development period.

APPENDIX F

Summary of Country Presentations

India

India showed with a short video some of the devastating impacts of the tsunami on the Indian coastline. Some statistics were then presented describing the size of the sector prior to the tsunami and how the country has experience of dealing with natural disasters such as the frequent cyclones.

India then described the impact of the tsunami on the country as a whole and on the fisheries and aquaculture sectors, including the event itself, the death toll, the numbers of people affected and the economic losses. The impact was reviewed in each of the states of Andrah Pradesh, Pondicherry, Andaman and Nicobar, Kerala and Tamil Nadu (which received all the tsunami impact).

India outlined how the government had responded quickly to the disaster and provided immediate relief for communities, fisher folk and the fisheries sector, including rescue and evacuation and emergency relief. It was understood how vulnerable the fisheries sector was and specific packages were developed for them including replacement of gear and craft where necessary. The agriculture sector in affected areas too was receiving specific support. The full scope of the activities already undertaken and planned by the government in relation to the tsunami were presented.

In the medium to long term, four key issues were identified in relation to the rehabilitation process. These related to the loss of lives, loss of property and gear, rehabilitation of fisher folk and the restoration of fishing opportunities. India outlined the key areas of concern and explained how the government had adopted five guiding rules which were: to ensure that the disaster would provide an opportunity to improve the existing situation, ensure that the environment was considered, ensure that a participatory approach was followed and that a coordinated approach was adopted. India then went on to outline the key challenges to ensuring restoration to the pre-tsunami situation and the principles for that rehabilitation process.

India presented a range of proposed approaches and initiatives for rehabilitation including those for government departments, international agencies and international/national/local NGOs. These included formation of an Inter-Ministerial core group in the planning commission to formulate proposals for rehabilitation and seek funding from the World Bank and Asian Development Bank. India explained that due to the inherent strength of the country to handle such disasters it would seek assistance from multilateral agencies only and not from bilateral donors.

India outlined a number of key issues for which it requested assistance from FAO and were of specific relevance to the workshop. These issues required assistance to Research Institutes and Regional Fisheries bodies under FAO's "technical support programme" to support the monitoring and investigation of issues surrounding: displacement of indigenous people, impact of salt water and silt on coastal wetlands, degradation of coastal ecosystems, pelagic and demersal nursery areas, dumping of material on the seafloor and aquatic pollution and rising sea levels in certain islands.

Indonesia

Indonesia described the impact of the tsunami on the country and their draft program for rehabilitation and reconstruction of the fishery sector in Aceh and Nias. Indonesia explained that in Bandah Aceh 17 out of 20 districts were affected (9 severely) whilst in North Sumatra two districts were severely affected. Damage to aquaculture was most severe on the eastern coast. Indonesia then presented statistics on the extent of the damage from the tsunami including losses to human life, infrastructure and vessels.

Indonesia outlined five principles for guiding rehabilitation which emphasized: alleviation of poverty, economic and market stability, environmental sustainability, a holistic approach (particularly for poor coastal communities) and participation. It was highlighted how particular care was needed to ensure that an environmentally sound, integrated and holistic approach was adopted which could consider the real needs of local communities.

The overall strategies to achieve rehabilitation included the goals of restoring private assets and rebuilding public goods. The strategies related to restoration of private assets and rebuilding public goods were outlined. Indonesia explained that the short-term relief/rehabilitation (in 2005-2006) was based on livelihoods assessments and aimed to provide immediate livelihood support, rehabilitation of fishing, restarting aquaculture and re-establishment and support to facilities. In the medium term (5-8 years) the government had seven strategies and four key areas for recovery of the aquaculture sector. The longer-term plan focused on the prioritization of coastal zoning (including land use planning), education and training and infrastructure rehabilitation.

International support is needed for initiatives such as rehabilitation of research and training centers, training, equipment, reconstruction of aquaculture facilities and assessments. In addition the international aid should focus on areas such as sustainable livelihoods, microfinance, policy and technical assistance.

Indonesia highlighted the fact that it is currently preparing detailed rehabilitation plans with the World Bank and Asian Development Bank and that these plans were to be completed by March 2005.

Malaysia

Malaysia described the limited damage to the five west coast states that were affected by the tsunami. The report included the number of people killed and injured, those who had their livelihoods disrupted and those who were made homeless. LangKawi was the worst affected area.

The losses to the fisheries sector were reported including the number of vessels lost and damaged, fisher folk affected and damage to infrastructure. An estimate was provided for the number of private and public jetties to be repaired.

The impacts on aquaculture were also reviewed and the number of affected fish farms, hatcheries, cage culture facilities, shellfish farms and pen culture facilities detailed.

Malaysia described the scope of the government assistance programme which had four key areas and was being implemented through the Ministry of Fisheries. A key aspect of the programme was financial compensation and assistance which was to be provided by the government and commercial banks.

Because of the limited nature of the tsunami impact the government was carrying out all rehabilitation work itself and was not requesting assistance from international agencies and NGOs. Malaysia expressed a willingness to share lessons from their rehabilitation programmes with others.

Myanmar

Myanmar described how the impacts of the tsunami were limited to four states/divisions with Rakhine and Ayeyawaddy most affected. The main effect noticed during the event was the rapidly receding sea level which not only allowed the communities to collect shells and stranded fish but which also disrupted turtle nesting in some areas.

Myanmar described the three key reasons why the impact of the tsunami was limited in that country (that the waves principally went east and west, that the shallow onshore shelf weakened the wave and that the nature of the coastline and islands acted as a barrier).

Myanmar highlighted the main relief and rehabilitation efforts undertaken by the government along with the estimated number of lives lost, economic losses and infrastructure damage. The government had already distributed food and materials to many households and rehabilitation work was underway.

The government did not request any international aid or help for the tsunami victims or rehabilitation work as this was already being provided. However, it was welcoming voluntary contributions and donations in cash and kind. In total donations received had amounted to US$200 000. A special committee has been formed to assist distribution of this aid.

Myanmar also explained that they had good experience in dealing with the impact of natural disasters as the country was prone to earthquakes.

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka described the fisheries and aquaculture resources and infrastructure present in the country before the tsunami (including boats, harbours, research facilities). The fisheries sector was the hardest hit by the tsunami and the losses in terms of vessels, houses, harbours and fisher folk were outlined. Both human and economic losses were high.

The substantial damage to fisheries and aquaculture research and training institutions was outlined and included the loss of research vessels and training centers.

Sri Lanka described the immediate relief and rehabilitation actions planned by the government. These included the establishment of a disaster management center to identify priority needs, plans for rehabilitation and to reallocate resources within the ministries.

Relief and rehabilitation were divided into five main areas which included: the building of temporary/semi-permanent and permanent housing, rehabilitation of harbours, anchorages and landing sites, replacement of fishing gear and boats (including repair centers), revitalization of marketing infrastructure (including ice plants, storage facilities) and rehabilitation of coastal areas (coastal conservation).

In terms of immediate support the government had started the replacement of boats to return capacity. However, longer-term work and repairs would be needed for badly damaged harbours and infrastructure. During such work it would be important to look at quality and safety. In addition, support in assisting with coastal zone management issues like coastal area protection and buffer zones would be welcome.

Thailand

Thailand outlined the damage caused by the tsunami to the six affected provinces. The death toll and economic losses were presented along with that to housing land.

The role played by the Department of Fisheries (DOF) in the emergency relief and rescue operations was outlined and included the use of DOF vessels to search for the dead and survivors, provisional damage assessments, relief distribution and rapid assessment to the damaged fisheries.

A detailed description of the damage to the fisheries and aquaculture sectors was presented. This included the loss of boats, cage culture units, ponds, hatcheries and farms. The response of the government and activities of DOF to support the victims was described and included provision of emergency relief funds. Preliminary assessments of damage have been undertaken including those to look at fishing efforts post-tsunami.

Thailand then outlined the three key points of the rehabilitation plan for the immediate and medium to long term. The short-term plans focused on immediate relief and recovery and how to replace lost gear and repair and replace boats. The role of self-help within the community was stressed as was the importance of providing basic communication equipment to help allay fears of fisher folk at sea. Other key issues being considered were access to aquaculture inputs, availability of appropriate finance and the dredging of boat channels.

Thailand then outlined the medium to long term plan which included building capacity, rehabilitating coastal and fishery resources, sustainable fishery programmes, building awareness and food safety issues. An action plan was shown which involved training, disaster preparedness, safety at sea, co-management, community involvement and enhanced government capacity to respond to needs.

Thailand had five key challenges in rehabilitation and these included the provision of fishing boats/gear, impact on natural resources and fishing grounds, damage mitigation plans, safety at seas and sustainable fisheries development. The Thai government had developed three principles for rehabilitation which included using an integrated rehabilitation plan, co-management for sustainable development and human resource development.

Thailand required support through technical assistance for financial and human resource development, policy development, legal issues and institutional development.

The Thai rehabilitation plan was presented showing the responsibilities of the different participating bodies. A joint development and co-ordination body (the Andaman Forum) has been developed and it was suggested this body could act as a link between donors and communities, partners and countries.

APPENDIX G

Guiding Principles for Rehabilitation and Development

a) "Putting people first in rehabilitation"

A livelihood approach which ensures that natural systems have an enhanced ability to provide a broad and sustainable range of livelihood strategies, accessible to all members of these communities (including women, children and marginalized groups). This approach should also take into account the diversity of additional and existing livelihood strategies available to people in coastal communities, such as farming, fish processing, gardening, marketing etc. Key features are:

• Reduction of vulnerability and potential risk for coastal communities from future natural disasters (through, for example, efficient and consistent design and placing of infrastructure and protection of the coastal zone environment).

• Partnership and national ownership through extensive stakeholder consultation and public participation regarding fishers and fish farmers' objectives, which ensures respect for traditional uses, access and rights.

• Action is based on a practice of co-management that involves all stakeholders in policy formulation and decision-making, based on adequate representation of the stakeholders and the best scientific information available.

• An emphasis on flexible and adaptive methods that respond to the complexity and differences in rehabilitation work in different areas.

• Respect the human rights of all participants, especially with respect to labour standards, equity of distribution of benefits, and access to land. Provision of assistance and rehabilitation based on humanitarian needs rather than legal status.

b) "Rehabilitation that is consistent with international and regional agreements and guidelines"

Any rehabilitation activity should positively contribute to the following agreements and guidelines:

• The goals on poverty alleviation and food security contained in the Millennium Declaration.

• The ASEAN Resolution & Plan of Action adopted by the Millennium Conference and BIMSTEC declaration.

• The principles of sustainable development of fisheries and aquaculture that are set out in the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF), NACA Principles for Sustainable Aquaculture, SEAFDEC Regional Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries in S.E. Asia.

• The recently agreed UNEP principles for tsunami reconstruction.

In particular, action will follow a multi-sectoral approach which ensures that the natural resource base of the coastal zone is sustained. This includes:

• Integrated coastal zone management that recognizes the multiple use nature of the limited natural resources base and plans, and fairly allocates those resources across users.

• Emphasis will be placed on provision of support for institutional and policy reforms that address fishing overcapacity, unsustainable fishing practices and unsustainable aquaculture.

c) Key principles of the sub sectors will have the following features

The goal of rehabilitation is to achieve the following key features

In particular, the fishery sector:

• Is based on a fishing capacity that is commensurate with the productivity of the fishery resource, controlled through the allocation of user/access rights to fish.

• Is based on balance of small-scale artisanal fisher folk fishing inshore water with larger-scale "industrial" vessels restricted to off-shore areas supported by a "pro-poor" policy that gives preference to beach-based labour intensive fishing.

• Is based on non-destructive fishing gear and practices.

• Provides adequate safety at sea provisions and practices.

• Is based on healthy ecosystems that have been rehabilitated through participatory practices that involve the people that depend on them.

• Is based on good governance with strong institutional support from both government and NGOs.

• Is supported by high quality on-shore infrastructure that ensures food safety and valueadding potential in post-harvest processing and sale of fish products.

And the aquaculture sector:

• Is based on environmentally sound management practices that do not pollute, damage habitats or cause long-term irreversible harm, including use of feed that is taken from sustainable sources and seeds that are raised in environmentally sound hatcheries or taken from sustainable fisheries.

• Adopts technologies and farm management practices that are appropriate to rural people with limited resources that minimize the impacts of aquaculture on other users of the coastal environment.

• Adopts an array of appropriate technologies and farm management practices, including those suitable to people with limited resources, which minimize impacts and which support:

  - Democratic self-determined farmer organizations.
  - Marketing, processing manufacturing of inputs and outputs.
  - Fair trade and markets.
  - International and regional partnerships.
  - Wide-scale communication, facilitation of dialogue and sharing of experiences.

And trade and markets:

• That minimise losses and wastage, including during transportation.

• Based on fish handling at sea to ensure high quality of landed fish, and supported by high quality onshore infrastructure to ensure maximization of fish quality and valueadded potential in the post-harvest processing and sale of fish products.

• Based on the provision of high quality and safe food for human consumption.

d) Rehabilitation processes

The implementation activities will follow a process approach and shall include the following elements:

• Detailed impact/damage assessments and needs analyses to be the basis of all rehabilitation activities.

• Assessments of the institutional capacity of different organizations at all levels (and economic sectors) to deliver effectively, and the organizational ability of recipients to receive and utilize any inputs.

• Action will be taken with a clear indication of measurable outcomes.

• Emphasis will be placed on "accountability" and "transparency".

• Effective communication is a core element. Actions will support coordinated partnership between governments, NGOs, international agencies and bilateral donors.

• The findings and outcomes should be communicated clearly to development partners throughout the process.