FAO Technical Co-operation Programme TCP/RAS/0171 &3001(T)

NATIONAL DEMONSTRATIONS ON LACTOPEROXIDASE
PRESERVATION SYSTEM OF MILK IN SELECTED
SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES

LP-s DEMONSTRATIONS IN BANGLADESH, INDONESIA,
PAKISTAN AND BHUTAN IN 2003 AND THE PHILIPPINES AND
VIETNAM 2004

A. Bennett

2004

1. PROJECT OBJECTIVES

• PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

• CONDUCT NATIONAL DEMONSTRATIONS ON APPLICATION OF LP-s

• SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

• PROVIDE TRAINING ON IMPROVED MILK HYGIENE

• EXPAND MILK COLLECTION ROUTES

• INCREASE FARMERS INCOME, PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION LEVELS

PROJECT INCEPTION WORKSHOP

• BANGLADESH, DHAKA, BLRI

• 23-25 MARCH 2003

• PARTICIPANTS: NATIONAL CO-ORDINATORS, NATIONAL CONSULTANTS FROM PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES

• WORKSHOP PROVIDED:

• DETAILS ON APPLICATION OF LP-s

• WORKPLANS FOR DEMONSTRATIONS IN EACH COUNTRY

• TENTATIVE TIMINGS

• USEFUL PRINTED MATERIAL WAS DISTRIBUTED

• NATIONAL LP-s DEMONSTRATION

Lactoperoxidase System of Milk Preservation Background:

• Approved by Codex Alimentarius 1991

• Global Lactoperoxidase Program (since '97)

• Regional West-Africa project

• Regional Asia project

• Field demonstrations in over 35 countries

Lactoperoxidase System of Milk Preservation

• Enzyme, naturally present in raw milk

• 7-8 hrs extended keeping quality @ 30°C

• Approved Codex Alimentarius

• 15 yrs field testing

• < US $ 0.01 / Litre

• bacteriostatic effect

  SCN^- + H₂O₂ ® OSCN^- + H₂O

TYPICAL DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMME

• ABOUT TWO HOURS AFTER MILKING 80-100 LITRES OF COW MILK (ALSO BUFFALO MILK IN PAKISTAN) WAS COLLECTED AND DELIVERED TO MEETING PLACE

• MILK WAS TESTED BY SENSORY, LACTOMETRE, ALCOHOL (68%), COB, ACIDITY AND pH TESTS

• MILK WAS FILTERED AND DIVIDED INTO TWO MILK CANS, ONE WAS LP-s TREATED, OTHER ONE WAS CONTROL. PARTICIPANTS WERE ASKED TO SELECT THE CANS

• MILK CANS WERE KEPT IN AMBIENT TEMPERATURE UNTIL TECHNICAL TRAINING WAS OVER (ABOUT 5-8 HOURS FROM ACTIVATION)

• LECTURES IN THEORY AND HISTORY OF LP-s, OUTLINES OF CODEX GUIDELINES, HYGIENIC MILKING, MILK HANDLING AND COLLECTION AS WELL AS SIMPLE QUALITY TESTING WERE GIVEN

• FLOOR WAS OPENED TO PARTICIPANTS FOR DISCUSSION

• MILK CANS WERE OPENED AND SAME TESTS (EXEPT DENSITY) WERE PERFORMED AS IN THE MORNING

• CONCLUSIONS ON DEMONSTRATION

BANGLADESH

• TIME: 23 MARCH -16 APRIL 2003

• NUMBER AND PLACES OF DEMOS: NINE

  • DHAKA BLRI

  • ELENGA, TANGAIL

  • TARASH, SIRAJGANJ

  • SRINGAR, MUNSHIGONJ

  • BACHBIBI, JOYPURHAT

  • RAMRAI, THAKURGAON

  • KANAI, PABNA

  • KERANIGANJ, DHAKA

  • NARAYANGANJ, DHAKA

• TWO ADDITIONAL DEMONSTRATIONS WILL BE CARRIED OUT BY NATIONAL CONSULTANT

• ALL DEMONSTRATIONS WERE SUCCESSFUL

INDONESIA (JAVA)

• TIME: 18 APRIL-16 MAY 2003

• NUMBER AND PLACES OF DEMONSTRATIONS: FIVE DEMONSTRATIONS

  • JAKARTA

  • SURABAYA EJ

  • BATU EJ

  • SEMARANG CJ

  • BOYOLALI, CJ

• THREE PRE-TESTINGS WERE MADE

• NATIONAL STAFF VILL CARRY OUT DEMONSTRATIONS IN PLACES WHERE ONLY PRE-TESTING WAS MADE

• DEMOS WERE SUCCESSFUL IN GENERAL. PROBLEMS IN MILK QUALITY TO LP-S: ANTIBIOTICS, NEUTRA-LISERS, CASSAVA FEEDING, "TOO CLEAN MILK"

PAKISTAN

• TIME: 07 JUNE-06 JULY 2003

• NUMBER AND PLACES OF DEMONSTRATIONS: SIX

  • ISLAMABAD

  • SEIKHUPURA, PUNJAB

  • BAHADURNAGAR, BUNJAB

  • TANDO MOHAMMAD KHAN, SINDH

  • SHIKARPUR, SINDH

  • PESHAWAR, NWFP

• ALL DEMONSTRATIONS WERE SUCCESSFUL

• LP-s WAS EFFECTIVE AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURES ABOVE 35°C FIVE TO SIX HOURS

BHUTAN

• TIME: 01-26 AUGUST 2003

• NUMBER AND PLACES OF DEMONSTRATIONS: FOUR

  • DEMONSTRATION AND ONE PRE-TESTING OF RAW MILK IN THIMBU AREA,

  • WANGCHUTABA,

  • PHUNTSHOLING

  • TRONGSA

• DELAYED ACTIVATION OF MILK DUE TO DIFFICULT COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT CONDITIONS

THE PHILIPPINES

• TIME: 01 - 18 MAY 2004

• NUMBER OF DEMONSTRATIONS: THREE

  • COBCAWA MPC, Adlaon, Cebu City.

  • DTRI, UP Los Banos, College, Laguna.

  • Upig Multi-Purpose Co-operative, San Ildefonso, Bulagan.

• NATIONAL TEAM WILL CARRY OUT MORE DEMONSTRATIONS

• NO CLEAR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LP-s AND CONTROL MILK: EXCELLENT MILK QUALITY AND LONG LASTED DRY AND HOT SEASON

VIET NAM

• TIME: 18 MAY - 16 JUNE 2004

• NUMBER OF DEMONSTRATIONS: FOUR

  • Ha Tay

  • Vinh Phuc

  • Binh Duong

  • Binh Dinh

• DEMOS VERE SUCCESSFUL. VERY CLEAR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LP-s AND CONTROL MILK

• TEMPERATURES ABOVE 30°C

• FINAL PROJECT WORKSHOP AT VGRRC 14 - 16 JUNE 2004

MOST COMMON QUESTIONS

• WHAT IS THE COST OF LP-s TREATMENT?

• WHERE THE ACTIVATORS ARE SOLD?

• CAN ACTIVATORS BE MANUFACTURED LOCALLY?

• WHEN IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO START USING LP-s?

• HOW AND WHEN MCP FOR LP-s CAN BE ESTABLISHED?

• WHAT HAPPENS IF ACTIVATOR No 2 IS ADDED FIRST?

• HOW TO APPLY LP-s TO MILK QUANTITIES LOWER OR HIGHER THAN 40 -50 LITRES?

• IS IT POSSIBLE TO GET ACTIVATORS FOR SMALLER MILK QUANTITIES THAN 40-50 LITRES?

• IT IS POSSIBLE TO REACTIVATE LP-s AFTER 7-8 HOURS?

• WHY LP-s CANNOT BE USED ON INDIVIDUAL FARMS?

• IS THERE ANY HARM TO HUMAN HEALTH?

• DOES LP-s TREATMEN AFFECT MILK PROCESSING?

• HOW LONG TIME LP-s MILK KEEPS AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURES HIGHER THAN 30°C?

PROBLEMS

• QUALITY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LP-s AND CONTROL MILK WAS NOT CLEAR DUE TO REASONS LISTED BELOW:

  • MILK WAS KEPT IN TOO HOT PLACE (PAKISTAN)

  • MILK WAS COOLED DOWN AFTER MILKING

  • MILK WAS PRODUCED UNDER VERY HIGH HYGIENIC CONDITIONS

  • MASTITIS MILK -MILK CONTAINED ANTIBIOTICS

  • NEUTRALISERS LIKE CAUSTIC SODA WAS ADDED

  • COWS WERE FED FEED CONTAINING - SCN PRECURSORS LIKE CASSAVA (INDONESIA)

  • DELAYED ACTIVATION OF LP-s (BHUTAN)

  • LONG LASTED HOT AND DRY SEASON COMBINED WITH HIGH HYGIENIC QUALITY: MILK MICROFLORA CONTAINS LITTLE ACID FORMING BACTERIA (THE PHILIPPINES)?

NOTES

• EACH COUNTRY FINALISED NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR FUTURE USE OF LP-s IN FINL PROJECT WORKSHOP

• NATIONAL LP-s DEMONSTRATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES AND VIETNAM WERE CARRIED OUT 2004

• CODEX ALIMENTARIUS GUIDELINES ON LP-s HAS BEEN ADOPTED BY BANGLADESH STANDARD AND TESTING INSTITUTE (BSTI)

• MANY COUNTRIES ARE CONSIDERING TO START OWN PRODUCTION OF LP-s ACTIVATORS

ISSUES RAISED

• Importance of small-scale dairying

• Need for milk preservation techniques

• National decisions on milk standards

• Research papers to support LP-s for consideration by national health authorities

• Use and control of LP-s

CONCLUSIONS

• THERE IS GOOD POTENTIAL TO START USING LP-s IN THESE COUNTRIES FOR FOLLOWING REASONS:

  • HOT CLIMATE CONDITIONS

  • POOR INFRASTRUCTURE (ROADS, ELECTRIC SUPPLY, MILK COLLECTION SYSTEMS)

  • LONG TRANSPORT DISTANCES (PAKISTAN)

  • TO FACILITATE COLLECTION OF EVENING MILK

  • TO REDUCE MILK COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT COSTS

  • TO REPLACE UNHYGIENIC AND HARMFUL USE OF "HOMEMADE" MILK PRESERVATION METHODS LIKE ADDING ICE DIRECTLY IN MILK, USE OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, FORMALIN ETC AND NEUTRALISERS

  • TO OPEN NEW MILK COLLECTION AREAS