This standard provides guidelines for the establishment, maintenance and verification of pest free areas for tephritid fruit flies. It does not provide a description of the components required for the establishment and maintenance of pest free places of production or pest free production sites for fruit flies.
Anonymous, 1996. Areas in Mexico Free from Fruit Flies (ALMF, 8/96). Bilingual Document, English-Spanish, Support document to the Quarantine Bilateral Agreement between MAF New Zealand and SAGAR, Mexico.
Anonymous, 2000. A Submission Supporting Area Freedom from Queensland Fruit Fly and Mediterranean Fruit Fly for the Riverland, Sunraysia and Riverrina Pest Free Areas of Mainland Australia. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry - Australia.
Apendice Técnico para Implementar el Plan de Emergencia en las Zonas Libres de Moscas de la Fruta del Genero Anastrepha. 1999, SAGAR.
Determination of pest status in an area, 1998. ISPM No. 8, FAO, Rome.
Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms, 2004. ISPM No. 5, FAO, Rome.
Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms, 2002. NAPPO.
Guidelines for eradication programmes, 1998. ISPM No. 9, FAO, Rome.
Lindquist, D.A. (1998) Pest Management Strategies: Area-wide and Conventional, from Keng-Hong Tan [ed.] Joint Proceedings of the International Conference on Area-wide Control of Insect Pests, May 28-June 2, 1998, and the Fifth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, June 1-5, 1998. Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang.
National Exotic Fruit Fly Trapping Procedure, 1991, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-023-FITO-1995, Por la que se Establece la Campaña Nacional Contra Moscas de la fruta. 1999, SAGAR.
Pest reporting, 2002. ISPM No. 17, FAO, Rome.
Programa Moscamed (Programa Regional Mosca del Mediterráneo). Guatemala-Mexico-Estados Unidos. 1998. Manual de Procedimientos, Plan de Emergencia. Mayo de 1998.
Requirements for the Establishment of Pest Free Areas, 1996. ISPM No. 4, FAO, Rome.
Requirements for the Establishment of Pest Free Places of Production and Pest Free Production Sites, 1999. ISPM No. 10, FAO, Rome.
Standard for Pest Free Areas, 1994. NAPPO.
Trapping Guidelines for Area-Wide Fruit Fly Programmes, 2003. IAE, Vienna IAEA/FAO, IAE/FAO-TG/FFP.
Work Plan for the Sonora Fruit Fly Free Zone Program for the 1990 Export Season. Bilingual English-Spanish, SARH/DGSV-USDA/APHIS, 21 pp.
White et al., (1992), Fruits flies of economic significance: Their Identification and Bionomics.
|
buffer zone |
An area in which a specific pest does not occur or occurs at a low level and is officially controlled, that either encloses or is adjacent to an infested area, an infested place of production, an area of low pest prevalence, a pest free area, a pest free place of production or a pest free production site, and in which phytosanitary measures are taken to prevent spread of the pest [ISPM No. 10, 1999; revised ISPM No. 22, 2005] |
|
delimiting survey |
Survey conducted to establish the boundaries of an area considered to be infested by or free from a pest. (FAO, 2004) |
|
Detection* |
The discovery of a specimen of the target pest |
|
emergency action |
A prompt phytosanitary action undertaken in a new or unexpected phytosanitary situation. [ICPM, 2001] |
|
FAO |
Food and Agriculture Organization |
|
FF-PFA* |
Acronym for fruit fly pest free area |
|
incursion |
An isolated population of a pest recently detected in an area, not known to be established, but expected to survive for the immediate future [ICPM, 2003] |
|
IPPC |
International Plant Protection Convention, as deposited in 1951 with FAO in Rome and as subsequently amended. [FAO, 1990; revised ICPM, 2001] |
|
NAPPO |
North American Plant Protection Organization. (NAPPO, 2004) |
|
National Plant Protection Organization |
Official service established by a government to discharge the functions specified by the IPPC. [FAO, 1990; formerly Plant Protection Organization (National)] |
|
NPPO |
Acronym for National Plant Protection Organization |
|
official |
Established, authorized or performed by a National Plant Protection Organization. [FAO, 1990] |
|
outbreak |
A recently detected pest population, including an incursion, or a sudden significant increase of an established population in an area. [FAO, 1995; revised ICPM, 2003] |
|
Pest Free Area |
An area in which a specific pest does not occur as demonstrated by scientific evidence and in which, where appropriate, this condition is being officially maintained. [FAO, 1995] |
|
pest free place of production |
Place of production in which a specific pest does not occur as demonstrated by scientific evidence and in which, where appropriate, this condition is being officially maintained for a defined period. [ISPM No. 10, 1999] |
|
pest free production site |
A defined portion of a place of production in which a specific pest does not occur as demonstrated by scientific evidence and in which, where appropriate, this condition is being officially maintained for a defined period and that is managed as a separate unit in the same way as a pest free place of production. [ISPM No. 10, 1999] |
|
phytosanitary action |
An official operation, such as inspection, testing, surveillance or treatment, undertaken to implement phytosanitary measures [ICPM, 2001; revised ICPM, 2005] |
|
phytosanitary measure |
Any legislation, regulation or official procedure having the purpose to prevent the introduction and/or spread of quarantine pests, or to limit the economic impact of regulated non-quarantine pests [FAO, 1995; revised IPPC, 1997; ISPM, 2002] |
|
The agreed interpretation of the term phytosanitary measure counts for the relationship of phytosanitary measures to regulated non-quarantine pests. This relationship is adequately reflected in the definition found in Article II of the IPPC (1997) |
|
|
phytosanitary procedure |
Any official method for implementing phytosanitary measures including the performance of inspections, tests, surveillance or treatments in connection with regulated pests [FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; CEPM, 1999; ICPM, 2001; ICPM, 2005] |
|
phytosanitary regulation |
Official rule to prevent the introduction and/or spread of quarantine pests, or to limit the economic impact of regulated non-quarantine pests, including establishment of procedures for phytosanitary certification. [FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; CEPM, 1999; ICPM, 2001] |
|
quality assurance* |
the activities focused on providing confidence in fulfilling quality requirements within the coordinated activities of an organization that directs and controls quality (quality management) |
|
quarantine pest |
A pest of potential economic importance to the area endangered thereby and not yet present there, or present but not widely distributed and being officially controlled. [FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; IPPC, 1997] |
|
regulated article |
Any plant, plant product, storage place, packaging, conveyance, container, soil and any other organism, object or material capable of harbouring or spreading pests, deemed to require phytosanitary measures, particularly where international transportation is involved. [FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; IPPC, 1997] |
|
standard |
Document established by consensus and approved by a recognized body that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context. [FAO, 1995; ISO/IEC GUIDE 2:1991 definition] |
|
surveillance |
An official process that collects and records data on pest occurrence or absence by survey, monitoring or other procedures. [CEPM, 1996] |
|
survey |
An official procedure conducted over a defined period of time to determine the characteristics of a pest population or to determine which species occur in an area [FAO, 1990; revised CEPM, 1996] |
|
treatment |
Official procedure for the killing, inactivation or removal of pests, or for rendering pests infertile or for devitalization [This reference does not exist. It should give the source as indicated in the glossary 2005, i.e. [FAO, 1990, revised FAO, 1995; ISPM No. 15, 2002; ISPM No. 18, 2003; ICPM, 2005] ISPM Pub. No. 5, 2005] |
* Indicates terms which are not included in ISPM No. 5 Glossary of phytosanitary terms.
The general requirements to be considered in the establishment of a fruit fly pest free area (FF-PFA) include: consideration of the need for a buffer zone; preparation of a public awareness programme; identification of resources; and administrative elements of the system (development of documentation and review systems, record keeping and quality assurance programme).
The major elements of the FF-PFA are: establishment of the FF-PFA; verification and declaration of the FF-PFA; and maintenance of the FF-PFA. These elements include the surveillance operational activities of trapping and fruit sampling, confirmatory identification of any fruit fly species detected, and regulatory controls on the movement of host material or regulated articles.
Additional points that need to be considered include: planning for corrective action should target fruit flies be detected within the FF-PFA; change in the status of all or part of the FF-PFA; and reinstatement (where possible) of all or part of the FF-PFA and establishment of specific trading arrangements if required.
