by Paz B. Austria
Introduction
The Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) with its National Pesticide Analytical Laboratory (NPAL) is closely linked with the Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority (FPA), the regulatory agency for pesticide.
Under Presidential Decree 1144, Letter of Instruction 986, Magna Carta Act of Small Farmers and Consumers Act of the Philippines, the BPI is mandated to monitor pesticide residues in agricultural crops.
Whenever there are issues related to pesticides, the Department of Agriculture (DA) through BPI and FPA work together to address the said issues.
A. Pest and pesticide management
Pursuant to Memorandum Order No. 126 dated May 3, 1993, the DA in implementing Kasaganaan ng Sakahan at Kalikasan (KASAKALIKASAN), the Philippine National Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program in major rice, corn and vegetable growing provinces in the Philippines. Specifically, KASAKALIKASAN aims to 1) promote sustainability by helping farmers apply IPM principles in their crop production while learning to optimize the use of resources through the management of the agro ecosystem and 2) develop the farmers' ability to make critical and rational decision that renders their farming systems more productive, profitable and sustainable.
B. Testing, quality control and effects in the field
The quality of pesticides is being tested by BPI-NPAL and other private laboratories. The BPI-NPAL monitors pesticide and provide analytical services to industry and to the regulatory agency joint effort to monitor pesticide use in the field is being conducted through information campaign.
C. Environmental contamination
Monitoring environmental contamination is the responsibility of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and DA. BPI analyzed environmental samples through a Memorandum of Agreement with other agency with related mandate.
D. Trends in pesticide manufacture, use and trade
Table attached showing the summary of the trend on the
importation of pesticide.
(Based on CAIP Issuances)
|
TYPE/USE |
2000 VOLUME (K/L) |
2001 VOLUME (K/L) |
2002 VOLUME (K/L) |
2003 VOLUME (K/L) |
2004 VOLUME (K/L) |
|||||
|
Technical Materials |
Formulated Products |
Technical Materials |
Formulated Products |
Technical Materials |
Formulated Products |
Technical Materials |
Formulated Products |
Technical Materials |
Formulated Products |
|
|
Insecticides |
970 644 |
5 093 778 |
738 950 |
4 531 727 |
707 423 |
7 751 018 |
771 391 |
6 682 706 |
912 045 |
5 162 683 |
|
Fungicides |
48 777 |
2 099 984 |
20 606 |
4 017 805 |
26 000 |
26 611 144 |
12 000 |
5 310 802 |
22 020 |
6 241 224 |
|
Herbicides |
432 760 |
1 196 632 |
778 852 |
2 026 601 |
7 153 613 |
2 606 718 |
8 421 791 |
3 230 665 |
605 693 |
5 847 059 |
|
Molluscicides |
124 800 |
321 100 |
207 600 |
274 683 |
43 000 |
79 824 |
38 600 |
82 723 |
4 000 |
195 825 |
|
Nematicides |
48 600 |
336 630 |
90 900 |
304 006 |
65 000 |
738 970 |
38 600 |
548 320 |
750 |
76 833 |
|
Rodenticides |
49 060 |
49 900 |
17 605 |
43 128 |
6 200 |
67 145 |
- |
107 044 |
124 200 |
105 532 |
|
OTHERS* |
13 000 |
3 015 480 |
10 800 |
4 884 427 |
1 000 |
4 446 965 |
10 425 |
49 303 |
64 800 |
829 757 |
|
Fumigants |
- |
48 238 |
- |
72 531 |
- |
114 639 |
22 010 |
117 350 |
- |
93 132 |
|
Termiticides |
- |
12 800 |
45 360 |
193 977 |
- |
92 824 |
4 500 |
4 567 433 |
- |
6 249 147 |
|
TOTALS |
1 687 641 |
12 174 542 |
1 910 673 |
16 348 884 |
8 002 236 |
42 509 246 |
9 319 317 |
20 696 346 |
1 733 508 |
24 801 192 |
*OTHERS - surfactants, emulsifiers, wood preservatives, etc.
E. Selected standards
The pesticide disposal system in the Philippines is not addressed clearly.
Pesticide control legislation, registration system and enforcement is available through the Regulatory Agency, the FPA, but enforcement is very weak, due to lack of information education campaign on the hazards brought about by the improper use of pesticide (chemical input).
Conclusion and comments
The pesticide management system in the country is properly in place. However, lack of information on the risk and hazard of pesticide use. It is therefore recommended to intensify information education campaigns.
QUESTIONNAIRE SUMMARY
Philippines
Selected Country Statistics:
|
Agricultural Population |
30.0 million |
Agricultural Land |
10.7 million ha |
|
GDP $80 574 million |
Agric. GDP: 14.7% |
GNI per capita: $1 080 |
Hunger: 22% |
|
FAOSTAT Pesticide Data |
Export $5.5 million |
Import: $87.5 million |
Use: |
GDP = Gross Domestic Product; GNI = Gross National Income; Hunger = Population below minimum energy requirement; FAOSTAT = latest data entry between 1998 and 2002
Institutional Profile
|
Ministry |
Legislation |
Registration |
Licensing |
Enforcement |
Testing |
Training |
Monitoring |
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|
Environm. |
Health |
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Agriculture |
BPI, FPA |
FPA |
FPA |
FPA |
NCPC |
FPA |
NPAL |
NPAL |
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Environment |
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Health |
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Industry Associations: CropLife Philippines, Crop Protection Assoc. of the Philippines, Philippine Manuf. Assoc.
Non-Governmental Associations: PAN
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A. Pest and Pesticide Management |
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IPM policy declared? |
Yes |
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IPM mentioned in... |
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Crop Protection Policy? |
Yes |
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Agric. Sector Policy? |
Yes |
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Other laws/documents? |
Yes |
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National IPM Program? |
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Dept: | |
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IPM extension projects? |
Yes |
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IPM research projects? |
Yes |
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Pest resistance problems? |
Yes |
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B. Testing, Quality Control and Effects |
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Laws for pesticide specifi cations? |
Yes |
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Low quality products in market? |
Yes |
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Quality control laboratory? |
Yes |
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Own analyses in 2004: | |
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Outside analyses in 2004: | |
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C. Health and Environmental Information |
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Data on pesticide poisoning cases? |
- |
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occupational exposure cases: |
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accidental exposure cases: |
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intentional/suicide cases: |
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Pesticide poison facilities? |
? |
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Number of facilities: |
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Poison Information and Control Centers? |
? |
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Number of centers: |
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Significant environmental contamination? |
- |
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Data on effects on wildlife & ecosystems? |
- |
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Pesticide residue monitoring system? |
Yes |
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| |
Number of analyses 2004: |
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D. Pesticide Manufacture, Use and Trade |
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|
Pesticide Volume |
Tons |
$'000 Value |
|
|
Imports |
31 735 |
|
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Manufacture |
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Exports |
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Sales |
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(formulated) |
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Pesticide Use Profile |
Tons |
$'000 Value |
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| |
|
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Agriculture (total) |
22 470 |
|
|
| |
Insecticides |
32% |
|
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Fungicides |
33% |
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Herbicides |
34% |
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Other |
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Veterinary |
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Public Health |
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Household |
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Other |
9 265 |
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TOTAL |
31 735 |
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E. Selected Standards of Code of Conduct |
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Illegal trade estimates? |
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Estimated amount 2004 |
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Collection of old containers and pesticides? |
- |
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Inventory of outdated/obsolete products? |
- |
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Operational pesticide registration system? |
- |
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Violations in 2004 |
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Existing facility licensing system? |
- |
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Inspections in 2004 |
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Highly toxic products restricted? |
Yes |
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Questionnaire responses: Yes = Yes; - = No;? = don't know; (blank) = no answer
