AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD ENGINEERING TECHNICAL REPORT 1
Production and processing of small seeds for birds
by
Edo Lin
FAO Consultant
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 2005
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AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD ENGINEERING TECHNICAL REPORT 1 Production and processing of small seeds for birds by |
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FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2005 |
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The Agricultural and Food Engineering Technical Reports bring to a broad audience the results of studies and field experience related to agricultural and food engineering within agrifood systems. The reports help us take stock of what we know and clearly identify what we do not know; and in so doing they provide information to both the public and private sectors. The Agricultural and Food Engineering Technical Reports serve to direct further work within agrifood systems. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
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© FAO 2005
Abbreviations and units of measurement
Chapter 2. General overview of the market
Introduction
Market segments
Ingredients of bird food
Origin
Substitution
Trends
Major players
Chapter 3. Major grains used in bird seed
Wild bird mixtures
Caged and companion birdsNutritional needs
Bird classification
Basic mixtures
Treats
Sprouted seeds
Chapter 4. Bird food grains with potential for the tropics and semi-tropics
Niger seed (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.)
Description and agronomy
Varietal development
Production and trade
OpportunitiesCanary seed (Phalaris canariensis L.)
Description and agronomy
Processing and storage
Varietal development
Production and trade
MarketingProso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)
Spray millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv and Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.)
Japanese millet (Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea)
Other millets used in bird foodSunflower (Helianthus anuus L.)
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
Groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
Chapter 5. Processing, quality and trading standards
Processing and storage
General guidelines for quality bird food
PackagingPackaging for transport and export
Packaging for storage
Packaging for retail
Chapter 6. Possible entry strategies for farmers and entrepreneurs in developing countries
Introductory remarks
Production of commodity grain
Non-grain ingredients
Manufacturing and selling of prepared bird food
Chapter 7. Conclusions and recommendations
References and selected bibliography
Appendix 1. Useful references and sources of information
Appendix 2. Major brokerage and packing firms in bird seed
Appendix 3. Genetic resources
Appendix 4. Typical composition of some bird foods
Appendix 5. Typical retail prices for selected bird food (ingredients)