 | FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 476 Introductions
and movement of two penaeid shrimp species in Asia and the Pacific by Mathew Briggs Simon Funge-Smith Rohana P. Subasinghe and Michael Phillips FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS |
Cover photograph:
Penaeus vannamei and hatchery. Courtesy of Matthew Briggs, Phuket, Thailand
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ISBN 92-5-105362-6
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History of introductions of penaeid shrimp
Natural range of Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus stylirostris
Early movements for experimental culture
Movement for commercial production
Advantages and disadvantages of P. vannamei and P. stylirostris
Ease of breeding and domestication
Specific pathogen free (SPF) shrimp
Specific pathogen resistant (SPR) shrimp
Shrimp trade, marketing and economics
Current and potential world shrimp production levels
Market value and market competition of Asia and the Pacific with Latin America
Trade advantages and disadvantages with P. vannamei and P. stylirostris
Threats and risks of introducing alien shrimp species
Procedures and precautions for introductions
Infectious Hypodermal and Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV)
White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV)
Lymphoid Organ Vacuolization Virus (LOVV)
Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (NHP)
Known and suspected impacts of viral disease
Endemic viruses affecting shrimp culture and capture fisheries
Introduced shrimp affected by native viruses
Native cultured shrimp affected by alien viruses
Wild shrimp populations affected by alien viruses
Socio-economic costs of shrimp viral diseases
Efforts in controlling alien species movement
International and regional organizations and their relevance to shrimp trade
World Trade Organization (WTO)
World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Asia Regional Initiatives (FAO/NACA/SEAFDEC/ASEAN)
Selected national initiatives relevant to movement of shrimp species
Mainland China and Taiwan Province of China
Constraints to effective control of shrimp movements in the Asia-Pacific region
Perceived benefits of introduced species
Limitations on law enforcement
Inadequate testing facilities and protocols for viral pathogens
Lack of understanding of viral pathogen transfer pathways
Incomplete inventory of potential pathogens
Mistaken perceptions of SPF and SPR shrimp
Legislation, policy and planning
Environmental and biodiversity concerns
Codes of conduct, practice, guidelines and management of impacts
Regional and international cooperation
Recent guidelines, code of practice and other instruments
Legislation, policy and planning
Regional and international cooperation
Certification, best practice and codes of conduct
Infrastructure, capacity building and training
Recent guidelines, code of practice and other instruments
Annex II - Hatchery guidelines for health management
Annex III - Farm guidelines for health management