Figure 1: Schematic density distribution in mature coconut palm stem
Figure 2: Use of the coconut palm stem
Figure 3: Cross section of coconut palm stem with density zones
Figure 4: Harvesting steps in coconut palm stem
Figure 5: Principle of a dowelled joint
Figure 6: Butt-dowelled frame corner
Figure 7: Dowelled mitred frame corner
Figure 8: Principle of a tongue and groove joint
Figure 9: Tongue and groove joint with inserted tongue
Figure 10: Glue-bonded profile for full-width bonding
Figure 11: Vascular bundles in longitudinal, transverse and diagonal section
Figure 12: Felling of coconut palms
Figure 13: Bulldozing through palm roots
Figure 14: Skidding behind horse
Figure 15: Marking of logs in field
Figure 17: Skidding by tractor
Figure 18: Bucking of coconut palm stems
Figure 19: Cutting pattern for coconut logs
Figure 20: Additional pattern for cutting purloins
Figure 21: Cutting pattern for beams
Figure 22: Cutting pattern relative to selection and grading
Figure 23: Cutting pattern for conventional sawmills
Figure 24: Cutting pattern for frame-sawing
Figure 25: Fixing of coconut log for handsawing
Figure 26: Manual sawing of coconut logs
Figure 27: Two-man ripsaw for coconut palm logs
Figure 28: Sawing coconut logs by chain-saw
Figure 29: Solid tooth nomenclature
Figure 30: Deflection grader for coconut wood
Figure 31: Simple deflection grader
Figure 32: Keylwerth-chart for assessment of wood moisture content
Figure 33: Timber stack with pressure clamps
Figure 34: Possible arrangement for drying stacks
Figure 35: Foundation of stack with coconut round wood, squared on two sides
Figure 36: Stacking of short pieces of wood
Figure 37: Timber stacking - in pile
Figure 38: Solar dryer - glasshouse type
Figure 39: Solar dryer - collector type
Figure 42: Seasoning defects in coconut wood
Figure 43: Debarking of coconut poles
Figure 45: Manufacture of coconut fence posts
Figure 47: Charring of larger number of poles
Figure 49: Soaking of poles in hot preservative
Figure 50: Hot and cold bath for impregnation of power poles
Figure 51: Debarked poles stacked for drying
Figure 52: Frame door with panelling
Figure 53: Working sequence for frame components (vertical side-members, rails)
Figure 54: Working sequence for the solid wood panelling of a frame door
Figure 55: Working sequence for assembling a frame door
Figure 57: Working sequence for a chair back leg
Figure 59: Working sequence for a parquet block
Figure 61: Working sequence for turned components
Figure 63: Working sequence for a laminated table-top
Figure 64: Effects on surface quality
Figure 65: Cutting along grain or with grain
Figure 66: Cutting against grain
Figure 67: Cross-cutting at right-angles to the grain
Figure 68: Cutting in end grain
Figure 69: Pre-splitting during up-cutting
Figure 70: Chip thickness limitation
Figure 71: Operating principle of sawing - parallel to the grain (left) and sawing - perpendicular to the grain (right)
Figure 72: Working sequence for prismatic parts
Figure 73: Principle of the circular saw cut (Ettelt, 1987)
Figure 74: Cutting angles - circular saw-blade (see also Figure 29)
Figure 76: Use of a stop-block
Figure 77: Operating principle of narrow band-sawing (sawing of curved or irregularly shaped outlines)
Figure 78: Technical parameters of band-saw blades
Figure 80: Working principle of planing
Figure 81: Parameters on the chip in peripheral planing
Figure 82: Graph of the theoretical length of cutter marks/feed speed/surface quality
Figure 83: Actual length of cutter marks
Figure 85: Operating principle of moulding - parallel to the grain (left) and - perpendicular to the grain (right)
Figure 86: Principle of copy-shaping with a copying pin and template
Figure 87: Principle of copy-shaping with a roller collar and template
Figure 88: Multi-stage profile shaping
Figure 89: Operating sequence in shaping/moulding to avoid tearing of wood
Figure 91: Groove shaping with a shank type cutter
Figure 92: Operating principle of end-face planing
Figure 93: Preventing ragged edges when end-face planing by a suitable counter-stop
Figure 94: Operating principle of boring
Figure 95: Through hole (left), blind hole (right)
Figure 96: Twist bit (Ettelt, 1987)
Figure 97: Operating principle of sanding
Figure 98: Chip removal during sanding
Figure 99: Wide belt sanding set with pressure bar
Figure 100: Operating principle of mortising and tenoning preceded by a dimensioning saw
Figure 101: Operating principle of swing chisel mortising
Figure 102: Three-part swing chisel mortising tool
Figure 103: Construction and principle of the single-part oscillating chisel mortising tool
Figure 104: Operating principle of straight (plain) lathe-turning
Figure 105: Cutting angles and edges on lathe chisels
Figure 106: Diagram of the principle of a bell-shaped knife
Figure 107: Design of glue-bonded profiles
Figure 108: Charcoal kiln “mark V”
Figure 110: Composition and structure of the cash-outflow
Figure 111: Different density boards cut out of a palm stem
