Papers presented at the Expert Consultation on FAO Programmes for the Preservation of Animal Genetic Resources (continue)

APPENDIX 2:
EXTRACT FROM THE REPORT TO THE 95th COUNCIL MEETING OF THE COAG MEETING HELD IN APRIL 1989 (CL/95/9)
Selected Development Problems

Preservation of Animal Genetic Resources

121. This subject was presented as a selected development issue and the discussion was based on document COAG/89/6 “Preservation of Animal Genetic Resources” which examined the background, analysed the current position and presented proposals for an enlarged global strategy. In appraising the background, the paper reviewed the activities initiated by FAO in recent years which have been components of the FAO Regular Programme of Work and Budget, supported by UNEP funding. The paper indicated that the proposed global strategy would require an enlarged programme.

122. The Committee commended the quality of the paper and its timeliness. It confirmed its view that the topic is of growing importance at national, regional and global levels and recognized that the topic merits the development of an international strategy, programme and agreement in order to ensure the availability of animal genetic resources for present and especially to future generations.

123. The Committee recognized that growing pressures upon the world's animal genetic resources, arising mainly from short-term economic interests, are threatening and depleting animal genetic variation. Consequently, in the interests of economics, science and human heritage, a programme of preservation and improved use is fully justified. The Committee further recognized that to be effective such a programme should have international acceptance and support.

124. The Committee recognized that the current use of animal genetic resources is closely linked with the need for preservation for possible future use. However, it is difficult to anticipate the precise economic value of such preserved resources in the more distant future. The Committee affirmed its view that the present generation has a responsibility for ensuring that future generations are not denied access to animal genetic resources through either neglect or wilful misuse of this human heritage.

125. The Committee expressed its view that although it is often impossible to justify the preservation of animal genetic resources in quantified enconomic terms, preservation programmes should be developed on the concept of availability if and when required.

126. The Committee urged FAO to expand the programme of animal genetic resource preservation and improved use as a matter of urgency, in order to stem the current loss of indigenous breeds of animals, The Committee recognized that this situation is becoming critical especially in some developing countries.

127. The Committee recognized the lack of information on the status of many animal genetic populations in some developing countries and urged FAO to devote new activities and technical support for accurate surveys, genetic classifications and risk status assessment as well as censuses. The Committee also strongly urged FAO to develop a World Watch List of endangered animal breeds as a support mechanism and early warning for member countries and encouraged FAO to update and publish this list regularly.

128. The Committee recongnized that it would be neither feasible nor responsible to await completion of genetic characterizations for all indigenous animal breeds, especially in developing countries, before taking up preservation intitiatives without running the risk of genetic resources being endangered and possibly lost. The Committee therefore recommended that, due to the accelerating threat to indigenous breeds, with unique genetic qualities, especially those which enable animals to live and produce in hostile environments, FAO should develop documentation and preservation programmes concurrently.

129. The Committee affirmed its support for the technical methodology already developed by FAO for the preservation of animal genetic resources and recognized that there is now an urgent need to apply these proven techniques on a global scale so that they may be available to all countries who wish to use them. In this regard, the Committee affirmed its view that the organization of animal genetic gene banks and data banls is often not feasible on a national basis and supported FAO's initiatives to establish methodologies suitable for regional and global use. The Committee also supported the wish of those countries with national programmes to link them to the global programmes.

130. The Committee commended FAO for the development of Animal Descriptors and for the establishment of the EAAP/FAO Global Animal Genetic Data Bank. The Committee emphasized the importance of training, technical and financial support to enable all developing countries to document their indigenous animal breeds, to enter them into the global system and to be encouraged to access this information for decision-making.

131. The Committee supported the approach of FAO in placing primary emphasis on the cryogenic storage of germplasm.

132. The Committee recommended that FAO should develop appropriate methodologies for the establishment of live animal reserves for those countries and in those circumstances where the system is appropriate. The Committee recognized the importance of such in situ preservation being integrated with the preservation of plant genetic resources in natural habitats and supported the joint approach.

133. The Committe suggested that FAO should pay particular attention to certain topics in the development of the global programme. Some members felt these were animal health and disease control in the movement and storage of germsplasm and animals preserved in situ, relationships with wildlife genetic resources; the possibility of mobile teams to provide technical services to developing countries in the identification of endangered breeds and the collection of germsplasm; the need for standards for evaluating genetic merit in donor animals; the question of price and payment for preserved semen and matters of ownership/trust/access and replinishment of germplasm in regional gene banks; and finally costs of operating programmes especially in developing countries where resources are extremely limited.

134. The Committee encouraged FAO to continue its work in exploring the use of new biotechnology methods applicable to animal genetic resources. In particular, FAO should continue to study new developments concerning the use of DNA as a supplement to the storage of semen, embryos and oocytes.

135. The Committee recognized the close association between domestic animal genetic resources and wildlife due not only to the genetic relationships between domestic species and their wild ancestors but also because of the growing practice of farming wild species for food and fibre production. The Committee therefore urged FAO to study more closely the possibilities of joint programmes and cooperation with other bodies whose prime interest lies in wildlife.

136. The Committee urged FAO to develop further the training programmes for developing country nationals to equip them for participation in the Regional Animal Gene Banks and the Global Animal Genetic Data Bank programmes. The Committee emphasized the importance of immediate financial support to avoid a period of inactivity while longer term financial support for a global and genetic resources programme is being developed.

137. The Committee endorsed the priority being given by FAO to the importance of biotechnology in relation to animal genetic resources and recognized the impact which it will have in future upon techniques both for improved use and for preservation of animals.

138. The Committee recognized that animal genetic resources are a part of the larger field of biological diversity and encourage FAO to continue its close liaison and, where appropriate, it's collaboration with other organizations, both inter-governmental and NGOs, which are active in this field, with the aim of developing a unified and comprehensive approach to this subject.

139. The Committee encouraged FAO to continue to work in close contact with other bodies currently involved in the development of animal genetic resources, especially those with representation from developing and developed countries so as to ensure that FAO's global programme is comprehensive and represents the interests of all countries and regions.

140. The Committee approved the proposal that, in addition to the continued development and enlargement of the existing programme, FAO should consider further the many technical, legal, financial and institutional aspects of a global programme for animal genetic resources. The proposal for an Expert Consultation to examine these topics was supported. Furthermore, approval was given for the Working Group of the FAO Commission on Plant Genetic Resources, based on its experience, to study the possibility for FAO to establish a global system of genetic resources, including animal genetic resources. Confidence was expressed that FAO will be able to attract extra-budgetary resources for these important tasks.

APPENDIX 3
EXTRACT FROM THE REPORT OF THE 95TH COUNCIL MEETING
(CL/REP/1)
Preservation of Animal Genetic Resources

52. The Council recognized the importance of Animal Genetic Resources both for the future of animal production and also as a component of global genetic resources. The Council accepted the view of COAG that the FAO programme on the Preservation of Animal Genetic Resources had a sound technical base and was organized effectively. The Council called for the programme to be expanded and further developed as proposed in the Report of COAG, and recommended that lack of funding should not be the cause of delay in implementation nor lessen the impetus already achieved.

53. The Council recognized that animal genetic resources was part of the larger topic of biological diversity. Many members felt that the Working Group of the Commission on Plant Genetic Resources should review in October 1989 the various aspects and possibilities of expanding FAO's Global System on Plant Genetic Resources to include animal genetic resources. Some members stressed the technical differences existing between the preservation of plant and animal genetic resources and requested a technical consultation.

54. The Council requested the Director-General to examine the many technical institutional and policy aspects of FAO's future role and programme in the important field of animal genetic resources including the possibilities of integrating the institutional infrastructures for animal and plant genetic resources within one system, while at the same Lime taking account of the relationships and needs of fisheries and wildlife.

55. The Council affirmed its support for the Director-General's intention subject to availability of turds, to hold an Expert Consultation in September 1989 and a meeting of the Working Group of ihe Commission on Plant Genetic Resources in October 1989. It noted the Director-General's request for extra-budgetary resources to implement these unforeseen and important activities and his intention to report to the Council and Conference in November 1989 on progress achieved.

APPENDIX 4
INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT

Dr H.A. Jasiorowski

Director, Animal Production and Health Division

Ladies and Gentleman,

The main ask of FAO is to assist developing countries to produce more food, so that hunger and malnutrition can be eliminated

We all know that livestock plays an important role in this respect. It is sufficient to say that, on an average, people in developing countries consume only 13 grams per day of animal protein while people in developed countries consume 58 per day. The recognized minimum is ca 30 grams per day. But these figures may be misleading since millions of people in developing countries consume not more than 4 grams of animal protein average per caput and day.

Under these circumstances, it is obvious that FAO has to concentrate its efforts on the increase of production of food of animal origin in developing countries. As known, this can be done either by increasing the number of animals or by increasing their productvity or by both. By looking at related statistics, it becomes clear that until now in the developing world the total increase of milk and meat production was mainly due to the increase in the number of animals, and only this phenomena allowed during the last decades the provision of more or less constant supply of these products per caput (however low) in spite of the rapidly growing number of the human population. Unfortunately, this cannot last forever. Therefore, FAO's main efforts have been directed towards an increase of livestock productivity by improvement of feeding and genetic potential.

For the purpose of this meeting, let us leave out the important problems of feeds and feeding of animals in the developing countries and to deal with the problem of genetic improvement of productivity traits in livestock of the third world.

It is well-known that genetic potential for productivity traits of indigenous livestock breeds in developing countries is generally low. The improvement by within-breed selection methods has proved to be a very long process and in most cases not justified economically. Therefore, the importation of exotic, more productive genotypes became an almost universal method of improving or replacing local livestock populations. The method of livestock genetic improvement has varied between countries, between species and the different methods have changed genotypes at different rates. The use of “superior'' imported genetic material has been by direct breeds substitution - particularly for pigs and poultry (in some cases, accompanied by a direct substitution of environment), by crossbreeding, upgrading, continuous back crossing and recently even the formation of synthetic breeds. Some programmes use animals directly, others use AI and, more recently, Embryo Transfer. The magnitude of this process can be judged by the fact that there is not even one developing country which to date has not imported exotic genotypes for the improvement of local livestock populations.

The impact of exotic genotypes on local livestock populations varies depending on countries and species. While sheep and goats were left less affected, genetic upgrading through crossbreeding became very popular in dairy cattle in developing countries and native breeds of poultry and pigs are rapidly being replaced by imported exotic breeds. This process, in general is leading to the reduction of some of the indigenous animal populations which in turn can cause the extinction of some of them. If this process continues, the livestock genetic diversity in developing countries would become reduced as has happened in the developed part of the world.

Throughout the history of FAO, we have had to deal with the dilemma of the rapid improvement of livestock in developing countries and the necessity for the preservation of genetic diversity. FAO has been well aware that genetic changes particularly the more rapid ones, will lead to some loss of genetic diversity. Wherever possible we have advised the developing countries to improve their indigenous breeds by selection, avoiding crossbreeding. However, the majority of the developing countries do not have enough infrastructure. With the new developments in breeding methodology, the use of the open nucleus breeding system gives new possibilities and is being encouraged. The system is being introduced by FAO to dairy sheep in the Middle East, and to indigenous pigs in China, Philippines and Viet Nam. In all our activities related to genetic changes we have tried to combine them with the idea of preservation. However, such activities are not easily achieved in developing countries where nations are, quite rightly, mainly concerned with efficient food production and, where pressures to feed people are great, so is the desire to use any material which promises to change production levels. In such circumstances the expense of the loss of a genetic resource which, at that moment, appears to be of low value is of no political importance. In addition, we should not expect to achieve in the developing countries a quick response to the idea of genetic resources preservation if it has taken decades for developed countries to realize the magnitude of losses and take steps to prevent them. FAO therefore has attempted to use all possible channels to ensure that genetic diversity is at least maintained. The organization has actively developed links with all interest parties - whether governments, NGOs or private groups. FAO has worked closely with UNEP which, in turn, has provided funding to assist FAO in achieving its objective of making countries more aware of the long term need to maintain a broad genetic resource.

FAO from its inception has considered the use of genetic resources in its widest sense - some 50 percent of its 76 publications on animal production directly concern the thorough utilization of genetic resources and preservation. However, FAO has been more actively involved in considering the preservation/maintenance of animal genetic resources for some 20 years.

The milestone in this respect was a joint FAO project from 1974 to 1980 whose aim was to monitor endangered livestock breeds and which was summarized during a Technical Consultation (1980) on Animal Genetic Resources, Conservation and Management. The valuable Proceedings were published and a Panel of Experts was formed. In 1983, as a result of the Expert Panel meeting - proceedings were published on “Animal Genetic Resources, Conservation by Management, Data Bank and Training”. In 1986 another meeting was held on “Animal Genetic Resources - strategies for improvement and conservation”. In the meantime, FAO partly in collaboration with UNEP, published several publications dealing with the characterization of animal genetic resources in developing countries. I want only to mention here, for example, publications on declining breeds of Mediterranean sheep, on sheep and goat breeds in Pakistan, India and Turkey, Prewalski Horse, Animal Genetic Resources in China and the USSR and others. These publications and previously mentioned meetings have provided the necessary background and guidance for the organization by FAO, jointly with EAAP, of the Animal Genetic Data Bank in Hannover and 8 regional animal gene banks in different regions of the developing world. Later special papers will deal with this subject.

Recently, (1989) FAO's activities in the field of animal genetic resources preservation were presented to our main technical Governing Body Committee on Agriculture (COAG). The FAO Committee of Agriculture clearly recognized the need to act urgently to ensure that animal genetic diversity is maintained. The recommendations covered documentation and concurrent preservation, urging FAO to develop training programmes. During this Session of the Committee on Agriculture, developed countries like Australia, Canada, West Germany and the UK, indicated their willingness to offer expertise as well as financial and institutional assistance for the data bank and the gene banks. Seven developing countries (Argentina, Brazil, China, Ethiopia, India, Mexico and Senegal) had undertaken to establish the regional animal gene banks. There is at present a favourable climate for formulating and implementing appropriate projects for the preservation of endangered breeds and strains. FAO Council backed COAG's view by unequivocally recommending “that the lack of funding should not be the cause of delay in implementation nor lessen the impetus already achieved”.

Given the present support for activities to ensure that more genetic diversity is not lost in developing countries, our Governing Bodies stressed that greater resources are needed. Preservation of animal genetic diversity is in the interest of the whole of humanity and, for this purpose, financial resources have to come from the developed part of the world.

COAG, when discussing the Animal Genetic Resources Preservation Programme, found that several technical, biological and legal questions still have to be answered and for this purpose asked FAO to call an Expert Consultation within this year. Your meeting is in response to this request. More specifically, the COAG questions will be presented to you in one of the following papers. Here I would like only to summarize what FAO expects in general terms from this meeting.

1. There is no doubt that the Animal Genetic Resources Preservation Programme should be organized on a global basis which means including developed and developing countries. What should be the modality of such a programme? Since there is probably no doubt that FAO is the Organization which should take lead in such a programme, in cooperation with UNEP and other organizations, the question still remains as to how it can best be accomplished.

   The first part of this Consultation is designed to deliberate on the institutional, legal and financial aspects. A working group is expected to draft conclusions and recommendations on these issues. Your recommendations on the appropriate nature of inter-governmental forum, legal instrument and financial arrangements will be of particular interest to FAO in developing it's programme not only on animal genetic resources but also on biodiversity in general.

2. Global animal genetic resources preservation calls for strong international cooperation and support. Should we not, establish therefore an International Undertaking as has been done for plant genetic resources?

   The objective of such an undertaking would be to ensure that animal genetic resources of interest, particularly for agriculture, will be explored, preserved, evaluated and made available for breeding and scientific purposes. It would be based on the principle that such resources are a heritage of mankind.

   Such an undertaking probably should include definitions of terms and cover:

   • Governments adhering to the Undertaking organising or arranging for missions of scientific exploration to identify resources in danger.

   • Appropriate legislation and other measures being developed and maintained to protect and preserve resources - both in situ and in gene banks.

   • International Cooperation aiming to strengthen the capabilities of developing countries, intensify activities in all aspects of animal genetic resources.

   International arrangements being developed further to ensure a coordinated network of gene banks, to increase the activities and to provide adequate training and funding for these tasks.

   FAO's role might be, for example, to keep the international situation under review, to establish an intergovernmental body to monitor the Undertaking (Commission), to recommend further activities and to act in consultation with those governments which are signatories to the Undertaking.

   It is clear that the preservation of plant and animal genetic resources have the same objectives-preservation of biodiversity. But are the biological and technical differences not big enough to maintain this programme seperately within FAO, at least for the time being? In particular, because of the considerable political and economic differences which derive from the fact that with animals the gene flow comes from the north to the south while - with plants - from the south to the north. This fact cannot be underestimated in our plans.

3. What resources, including funds, FAO infrastructure, and staffing is needed to make such programme viable?

   How can we get support for such a programme from the member countries, donor agencies and interested companies?

   Animal genetic resource preservation has one distinct advantage which all those involved must learn to exploit - public perception of animal preservation appears to be even more favourable than the general support given to all matters “green”. This should provide a useful basis on which to press for the resources necessary to carry out the work involved.

4. The future course of action for the preservation and utilization of animal genetic resources should be considered together with the institutional, legal and financial requirements for implementing the necessary programmes. The FAO programme on animal genetic resources is well defined and, at present, there is a need to develop projects for implementing the programme in developing countries. Whenever institutions in member countries have shown interest in developing a preservation programme, appropriate projects are being prepared in order to establish donor trust funds to support these projects. The recommendations of this Expert Consultation will be particularly useful in preparing these projects and finding donor funds.

5. Coupled to the question of funding are inevitably the legal and institutional aspects - these are crucial to the successful operation of data and gene banks whether in live animal form or by cryogenic means. The legal means of ensuring that genetic stock are preserved and can be used properly is itself a difficult area and one which needs to be resolved urgently. Lessons must be learnt from the experiences of those involved in plant resources - new biotechnology offers greater opportunities for the use of genetic engineering - these possibilities must not stand in the way of the initial preservation of the resource. It is this reasoning which leads the AGA secretariat to work on the basis that the donor country retains ownership of all material stored. Because of the complexity of this area, we propose establishing a working group as part of this Consultation meeting which has a most important role in recommending ways in which animal genetic resources preservation can take place quickly and can ensure that genetic diversity is available on a global basis.

6. How broad should be the animal genetic resources preservation programme? Should it include only the so-called farm animals or also some wildlife?

7. What should be the time scale of activities? This has major implications for funding and its timing.

   What should be the role of preservation in situ and ex situ? How far can the new developments of biotechnology (molecular genetics) alter the methods of genetic resources preservation?

There are many other questions and problems which will emerge from the papers presented and from the discussions.

I am convinced that, with the expertise gathered here, this Consultation will greatly contribute to the future development of programmes and projects in the preservation of animal genetic resources not only by FAO and its Member Governments, but also by other institutions and organizations throughout the world. I wish you every success in your deliberations and look forward to a useful outcome.

APPENDIX 5
AGENDA

Tuesday, 26 September 1989

APPENDIX 6
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Argentina

Dr. G.E. Joandet
Vice-Presidente
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas
Rivadavia1917
1033 Buenos Aires

Botswana

Dr. Louise L. Setshwaelo
Animal Production Research Officer
Ministry of Agriculture
Private Bag No. 0033
Gaborone

Brazil

Dr. A. da Silva Mariante
Animal Genetic Resources Coordinator
National Research Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology
(CENARGEN/EMBRAPA)
Sain-Parque Rural
C. Postal 10.2372
70770 Brasilia

Canada

Dr. R. Crawford
Professor
University of Saskatchewan
Department of Animal and Poultry Science
Saskatoon

China

Dr. Y. Chen
Director, Department of Animal Husbandry and Health
Ministry of Agriculture
Beijing

Finland

Dr. J. Maijala
Professor
Department of Animal Breeding
University of Helsinki
Vikki, Helsinki

France

Dr. J.J. Lauvergne
Maitre de recherches
Laboratoire de génétique factorielle
Centre national de recherches zootechniques
F 78350 Jouy-en-Josas

Dr. L. Ollivier
Directeur de Recherches
Génétique Animale
INRA-CNRZ
F 78350 Jouy-en-Josas

Dr. M.A. Hermitte
Chercheur, CNRS
63 rue Halle
75014 Paris

Germany (Federal Republic of)

Dr. G. Brem
Professor
Institut für Molekulare Genetik
Veterinarstr. 13
8000 München 22

Dr. D. Simon
Professor
Institute for Animal Breeding &Genetics
Tierärztliche Hochschule
D-3000 Hannover 71
Bünteweg 17p

Hungary

Dr. I. Bodó
Professor
Department of Animal Husbandry
University of Veterinary Science
P.O. Box 2
H-1400 Budapest 7

India

Dr. R.M. Acharya
Deputy Director-General
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Krishi Bhavan
New Delhi 110011

Indonesia

Dr. B. Gunawan
Director
Research Institute for Animal Production
P.O. Box 123
Ciawi-Bogor

Japan

Dr. Yukio Yamada
Professor
Department of Animal Sciences
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science
University Pertanian Malaysia
43400 UPM Serdang
Selangor
Malaysia

Nigeria

Dr. L.O. Ngere
Professor
Department of Animal Science
University of Ibadan
Ibadan

Peru

Prof. C. Novoa
Fac. Vet. Med. UNMSM
El Cortijo 189
Lima 3

Poland

Prof. Stanislaw Wezyk
Department of Animal Production
Institute of Zootechnics
32–083 Balice-Krakow

United Kingdom

Ms. Elizabeth L. Henson
Animal Genetic Resources Consultant
Cotswold Farm Park
Guiting Power
Cheltenham, Glos. GL54 5UG

United States of America

Dr. A. Fitzhugh
Director
Africa/Middle East Region
Winrock International
Route 3
Morrilton, Arkansas 72110

Dr. R.J. Gerrits
National Program Leader, Animal Production
USDA-ARS
Beltsville Agric. Research Center
Beltsville, Maryland 20705

Organization of African Unity/lnterafrican Bureau for Animal Resources

Mr. K.O. Adeniji
Chief, Animal Production Section
P.O. Box 30786
Nairobi
Kenya

United Nations Environment Programme

Dr. H. Zedan
Senior Programme Officer
Genetic Resources and Biotechnology
United Nations Environment Programme
P.O. Box 30 552
Nairobi
Kenya

International Union for Conservation of Nature

Dr. M.H. Woodford
Chairman
Veterinary Specialist Group
SSC/IUCN
Apt. B-709
500 23rd St. NW
Washington, DC 20037
USA

European Association for Animal Production

Dr. J. Boyazoglu
Secretary-General
Via A. Torlonia, 15A
00161 Rome
Italy

FAO Secretariat

Dr. H.A. Jasiorowski
Director, Animal Production and Health
Division

Dr. A.W. Qureshi
Chief, Animal Production Service

Dr. John Hodges (Technical Secretary of Expert Consultation)
Senior Officer, Animal Production Service

Mr. David E. Steane
Animal Production Officer, Animal
Production Service

Dr. H.-G. Wagner
Animal Production Officer, Animal
Production Service

Dr. Gerald Wiener
Consultant, Animal Production Service

Mr. Gerald K.F. Moore
Legal Counsel, Legal Office

Mr. Lawrence C. Christy
Chief, Legislation Branch

Mr. J.P. Chiaradia-Bousquet
Legal Officer, Legislation Branch

Mr. A. Mehouar
Legal Officer, Legislation Branch

Dr. B. Miiller-Haye
Chief a.i., Research Development Centre

Mr. F.J. Mouttapa
Chief, Environment and Energy Programmes
Coordinating Centre

Dr. J.T. Esquinas-Alcazar
Secretary, Commission Plant Genetic Resources

Mr. N.M. Anishetty
Agricultural Officer, Field Programme Support, Plant Genetic Resources

Mr. G.S. Child Senior Officer, (Wildlife and Protected Areas)
Forest !Resources Division

Mr. Robin L. Welcomme
Senior Fishery Resources Officer
Fishery Resources and Environment Division

APPENDIX 7
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
FAO Workshop on Animal Genetic Resources

Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics
Hannover School of Veterinary Medicine
Hannover (FRG) - Bünteweg 17p

June 5–8,1989

Argentina

Dr. Carlos Mezzadra
National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA)
Balcarce 7620

Brazil

Dr. Arthur da Silva Mariante
National Research Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology
Cenargen-Embrapa, Sain-Parque Rural
C. Postal 10.2372
70770-Brasilia DF

China

Dr. Wang Ruixiang
Institute of Animal Science
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science
Malinanwa, Haidian
Beijing 100094

Mrs. Pang Zhinghong
Institute of Animal Science
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science
Malinanwa, Haidian
Beijing 100094

Ethiopia

Mr. Beruke Yemane
National Artificial Insemination Centre
Ministry of Agriculture
P.O. Box 50201
Addis-Ababa

Finland

Prof. Dr. K. Maijala
Happatie 13.D
00780 Helsinki

Hungary

Prof. Dr. I. Bodó
University of Veterinary Science
LandlerJ.2
Budapest

India

Prof. Dr. Daya Singh Balain
Director, National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources
Karnal 132001 (Haryana)

Dr. M. George
Senior Scientist, National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources
Karnal 132001 (Haryana)

Mexico

Dr. Heroldo Paromares
Director de Genetica y Reproduccion Animal,
S.A.R.H.
Recreo 14
Mexico City

Norway

Mr. Bjarne Gjelstad
The Nordic Data Bank for Farm Animal Genetic Resources
N-1742 Klavestadhaugen

Senegal

Dr. Abdou Fall
Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/ ISRA
Centre de Recherches Zootechniques (CRZ)
B.P. 53
Kolda

Germany (Federal Republic of)

Dr. K. Beese
Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forestry
Div. 625 (Coordination of Biotechnology and Preservation of Genetic Resources)
P.O. Box 140270
D-5300 Bonn 1

Prof. Dr.Dr. D. Smidt
Institut für Tierzucht und Tierverhalten
FAL Mariensee
3057 Neustadt 1

Mrs. Petra Nienhaus
Institut für Tierzucht und Tierverhalten
FAL Mariensee
3057 Neustadt 1

Hannover School of Veterinary Medicine

Bünteweg 17p
D-3000 Hannover 71

Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics
Dr. D. Buchenauer
Dr. M. Mayer
Dr. B. Schwenger

Dept of Experimental Reproductive Biology
Prof. Dr. J. Hahn
Dr. Kristina Burkle

Clinic for Andrology and Al for Domestic Animals
Prof. Dr. K.-W. Weitze

Secretariat

Dr. John Hodges, Senior Officer (Animal Breeding and Genetic Resources), FAO, Rome (Italy)

Prof. D. Simon, Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Tierärztliche Hochschule, Hannover (FRG)