Sa | So | T | Th | Tn | Tv | U | V | Vc | Vp | W | Wd | We | Wh | Ws | Wve | X | Xh | Xk | Xy | Z | Zg | Zo | Zt | |
Histic H horizon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hollic A horizon | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||
Unbric A horizon | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Ochric A horizon | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Argillic B horizon | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Hatric B horizon | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Cubic B horizon | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Spodic B horizon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oxic B horizon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Calcic horizon | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Gypsic horizon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sulferic horizon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albic E horizon (at.) | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Calcareous material | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CaCO3 > 5% (topsoil) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CEC high/very high | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
CEC low (< 24 meq) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CEC very low (<1.5 meq) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Base sat. > 50%. (pH> 5.5) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
Base sat. Ml, (P/K > 5.5) | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cracking clay | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Depth > 25 cm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depth 25–50 cm | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Drainage very poor/poor | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Drainage imp./moderate | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Drainage excessive | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Plinthite | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Salinity high | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||
Salinity moderate | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Alkalinity high | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Alkalinity tolerate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indurated subsoil | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cemented hardpan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Iron concretions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Texture coarse | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Texture heavy | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||
Abrubt textural change | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Tonguing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reddish colour | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yellowish colour | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nat. fertility high | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
Nat. fertility moderate | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Nat. fertility low | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sa | So | T | Th | Tn | Tv | U | V | Vc | Vp | W | Wd | We | Wh | Ws | Wve | X | Xh | Xk | Xy | Z | Zg | Zo | Zt |
TABLE 6.9
Soil unit ratings for high, intermediate and low levels of inputs
CROP | LEVEL OF INPUTS | SOIL UNITS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A | Ac | Ag | Ah | Aic | Aif | Aio | Ao | Ap | Ath | B | Bc | Bd | Be | Bf | Bg | Bh | Bk | Bnc | Btc | Bte | Bv | C | Ch | Ck | E | Ec | Eo | F | Fa | Fh | Fnh | Fnr | ||
Barley | High | S2 | S2 | S4 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S4 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S3 | N | S2 | S2 | S2 |
Int. | S3 | S3 | S4 | S2 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S3 | N | S2 | S2 | S2 | |
Lot | S3 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S3 | N | S3 | S3 | S3 | |
Oat | High | S2 | S2 | S4 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S4 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S4 | S1 | S4 | S3 | N | S2 | S1 | S2 |
Int. | S3 | S3 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S3 | N | S2 | S2 | S2 | |
Low | S3 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S3 | N | S3 | S3 | S3 | |
Cowpea | High | S2 | S2 | N | S2 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S4 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | N | S3 | S4 | S2 | S1 | S2 |
hi. | S3 | S3 | N | S2 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | N | S3 | N | S2 | S2 | S2 | |
lot | S3 | S3 | N | S3 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S | S3 | S3 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | N | S3 | N | S3 | S3 | S3 | |
Green gran | High | S2 | S2 | S4 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S4 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | N | S3 | S4 | S2 | S2 | S2 |
Int. | S3 | S3 | S4 | S2 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | N | S3 | N | S2 | S2 | S2 | |
Lot | S3 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | N | S3 | N | S3 | S3 | S3 | |
Pigeonpes | High | S2 | S2 | N | S2 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S4 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S3 | S4 | S1 | S2 | S2 |
Int. | S3 | S3 | N | S2 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S3 | N | S2 | S2 | S2 | |
low | S3 | S3 | N | S3 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S2 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S3 | N | S3 | S3 | S3 |
CROP | LEVEL OF INPUT | SOIL UNITS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fo | FT | Fx | G | Gc | Gd | Ge | Gh | Gn | Gv | H | Hg | Hh | Hnl | Hol | Hrl | Hth | Htl | Hvl | I | Ir | J | Jc | Je | Jt | K | Kh | L | La | Lc | Lf | Lq | Lic | ||
Barley | High | S3 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S1 |
Int. | S3 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S3 | S2 | |
Lot | S3 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | S4 | N | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S3 | N | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S3 | S2 | |
Oat | High | S3 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S2 |
Int. | S3 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S4 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S1 | |
Lot | S3 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | S4 | N | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S3 | N | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S3 | S2 | |
Cowpea | High | S3 | S2 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S1 | S4 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | N | N | S1 | S2 | S1 | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S4 | S1 |
Int. | S3 | S2 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S1 | S4 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | N | N | S1 | S2 | S1 | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S4 | S1 | |
Lot | S3 | S3 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S1 | S4 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S3 | N | N | S1 | S2 | S1 | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S4 | S2 | |
Green gran | High | S3 | S2 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S1 | S4 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | N | N | S1 | S2 | S1 | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S1 |
Int. | S3 | S2 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S1 | S4 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | N | N | S1 | S2 | S1 | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S1 | |
Lot | S3 | S3 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S1 | S4 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | N | N | S1 | S2 | S1 | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S3 | S2 | |
Pigeonpea | High | S3 | S2 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S1 | S4 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | N | N | S1 | S2 | S1 | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S4 | S1 |
Int. | S3 | S2 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S1 | S4 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | N | N | S1 | S2 | S1 | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S4 | S1 | |
Lot | S3 | S3 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S1 | S4 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S3 | N | N | S1 | S2 | S1 | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S4 | S2 |
CROP | LEVEL OF INPUTS | SOIL UNITS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lif | Lio | Lk | Lnc | Lnf | Lo | Lv | N | Ho | Hvo | N | Hd | He | Hh | Hn | Hth | Hve | Hvn | O | Od | Q | Qa | Qc | Qf | Qk | QI | R | Rc | Rd | Re | Rtc | S | Sq | ||
Barley | High | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S4 | N | S4 | N | N | S4 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S2 | N | N |
Int. | S3 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S4 | N | S4 | N | N | S4 | S2 | S2 | S3 | S2 | S2 | N | N | |
Lot | S3 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S3 | S3 | N | N | N | N | S4 | N | N | N | S2 | S2 | S4 | S2 | S2 | N | N | |
Oat | High | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S4 | N | S4 | N | N | S4 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S2 | N | N |
Int. | S3 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S4 | N | S4 | N | N | S4 | S2 | S2 | S3 | S2 | S2 | N | N | |
Lot | S3 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S3 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S2 | S2 | S4 | S2 | S2 | N | N | |
Cowpea | High | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S3 | N | S3 | S4 | N | S3 | S2 | S3 | S2 | S2 | S3 | N | N |
Int. | S3 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S3 | N | S3 | S4 | N | S3 | S2 | S3 | S3 | S2 | S3 | N | N | |
Low | S3 | S2 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S3 | S3 | N | N | S3 | N | S3 | S4 | N | S3 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S2 | S3 | N | N | |
green gran | High | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S3 | N | S3 | S4 | N | S3 | S2 | S3 | S2 | S2 | S3 | N | N |
Int. | S3 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S3 | N | S3 | S4 | N | S3 | S2 | S3 | S3 | S2 | S3 | N | N | |
Low | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S3 | S3 | N | N | S3 | N | S3 | S4 | N | S3 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S2 | S3 | N | N | |
Pigeonpea | High | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S3 | N | S3 | S4 | N | S3 | S2 | S3 | S2 | S2 | S3 | N | N |
Int. | S3 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S3 | N | S3 | S4 | N | S3 | S2 | S3 | S3 | S2 | S3 | N | N | |
Low | S3 | S2 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S1 | S3 | S3 | S3 | N | N | S3 | N | S3 | S4 | N | S3 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S2 | S3 | N | N |
CROP | LEVEL OF INPUTS | SOIL UNITS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Slo | Sn | So | T | Th | Tn | Tv | U | V | Vc | Vp | W | Wd | We | Wh | Ws | Wve | X | Xh | Xk | Xy | Z | Zg | Zo | Zt | |||
Barley | High | N | N | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S4 | N | S3 | S2 | S2 | S2 | N | N | N | N | N | |
Int. | N | N | N | S2 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S2 | S2 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S1 | N | S4 | S2 | S2 | S2 | N | N | N | N | N | ||
Lot | N | N | N | S3 | S3 | S1 | N | N | S4 | S4 | S4 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S4 | N | S4 | S2 | S2 | S2 | N | N | N | N | N | ||
Oat | High | N | N | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S4 | N | S3 | S2 | S2 | S2 | N | N | N | N | N | |
Int. | N | N | N | S2 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S2 | S2 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S4 | N | S4 | S2 | S2 | S2 | N | N | N | N | N | ||
Lot | N | N | N | S3 | S3 | S1 | N | N | S4 | S4 | S4 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S4 | N | S4 | S2 | S2 | S2 | N | N | N | N | N | ||
Cowpea | High | N | N | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S2 | S2 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S3 | N | S3 | S2 | S2 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | |
int. | N | N | N | S2 | S2 | S1 | N | N | S3 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S4 | N | S4 | S2 | S2 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | ||
Lot | N | N | N | S3 | S3 | S1 | N | N | S4 | S4 | S4 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S4 | N | S4 | S2 | S2 | S4 | N | N | N | N | N | ||
Green gran | High | N | N | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S2 | S2 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S3 | N | S3 | S2 | S2 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | |
Int. | N | N | N | S2 | S2 | S1 | N | N | S3 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S4 | N | S4 | S2 | S2 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | ||
Lot | N | N | N | S3 | S3 | S1 | N | N | S1 | S4 | S4 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S4 | N | S4 | S2 | S2 | S4 | N | N | N | N | N | ||
Pigeonpea | High | N | N | N | S1 | S1 | S1 | N | N | S2 | S2 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S3 | N | S3 | S2 | S2 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | |
Int. | N | N | N | S2 | S2 | S1 | N | N | S3 | S3 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S4 | N | S4 | S2 | S2 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | ||
Lot | N | N | N | S3 | S3 | S1 | N | N | S4 | S4 | S4 | S3 | S4 | S3 | S4 | N | S4 | S2 | S2 | S4 | N | N | N | N | N |
TABLE 6.10
Stoniness ratings for high. Intermediate and low levels of inputs
CROP | LEVEL OF INPUTS | STONINESS TYPE | |||||
GRAVELLY | VERY GRAVELLY | STONY | BOULDERY | STONY/ BOULDERY | BOULDERY/STONY | ||
Barley | High | S3 | N | N | N | N | N |
Int. | S2 | S4 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S4 | |
Low | S2 | S4 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S4 | |
Out | High | S3 | N | N | N | N | N |
Int. | S2 | S4 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S4 | |
Low | S2 | S4 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S4 | |
Cowpea | High | S3 | N | N | N | N | N |
Int. | S2 | S4 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S4 | |
Low | S2 | S4 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S4 | |
Greengram | High | S3 | N | N | N | N | N |
Int. | S2 | S4 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S4 | |
Low | S2 | S4 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S4 | |
Pigeon pea | High | S3 | N | N | N | N | N |
Int. | S2 | S4 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S4 | |
Low | S2 | S4 | S3 | S3 | S4 | S4 |
6.3.5 Slope limitations and soil erosion
Limitations imposed by slope are taken into account in three steps. Step one defines the slopes which are permissible for cultivation, and these are defined for the five crops as slopes less than 30 percent for the three input situations with soil conservation measures. Permissible slopes are less than 16 percent under high inputs without soil conservation measures.
Step two involves the computation of potential topsoil loss which is estimated, by input level, through a modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (Wischmeier and Smith 1978; Mitchell 1986).
Step three relates the estimated topsoil losses to yield losses through a set of equations given in Table 6.12, taking into account soil susceptibility, and level of inputs. The reduced impact at the intermediate and high levels of inputs is due to the compensating effect of fertilizer application at their normal rate of use.
Steps two and three are described in detail in Technical Annex 1.2 (Soil Erosion and Productivity). Table 6.13 shows the soil units ranked in three classes according to their susceptibility to yield loss in relation to loss of topsoil, on the basis of organic matter content, soil depth and on the presence of other unfavourable subsoil conditions.
In estimating yield losses from equations in Table 6.12 regeneration capacity of topsoil is taken into account in calculating net loss of topsoil. Regeneration capacities of topsoil by thermal and moisture regimes are given in Table 6.14.
TABLE 6.11
Soil phase ratings for high, intermediate and low levels of inputs
CROP | LEVEL OF INPUTS | SOIL PHASES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
R | B | BM | S | SM | GM | P | PP | K | KK | C | CC | M | N | A | O | AO | F | G | R | R | B | BM | S | S | S | S | SM | SM | ||
B | S | S | AO | R | B | K | AO | 0 | AO | |||||||||||||||||||||
Barley | High | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S4 | N | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | S2 | S2 | S4 | S2 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Int. | S3 | S3 | N | S3 | N | N | S3 | S3 | S2 | S3 | S2 | S3 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S4 | S2 | S2 | S4 | S4 | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | |
Lou | S3 | S3 | N | S3 | N | N | S3 | S3 | S2 | S3 | S2 | S3 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S2 | S4 | S2 | S2 | S4 | S4 | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | |
Oat | High | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S4 | N | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | S4 | S2 | N | S2 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Int. | S3 | S3 | N | S3 | N | N | S3 | S3 | S2 | S3 | S2 | S3 | S2 | S2 | S4 | S2 | N | S2 | S2 | S4 | S4 | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | |
Low | S3 | S3 | N | S3 | N | N | S3 | S3 | S2 | S3 | S2 | S3 | S2 | S2 | S4 | S2 | N | S2 | S2 | S4 | S4 | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | |
Cowpea | High | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S4 | N | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | S2 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
int. | S3 | S3 | N | S3 | N | N | S3 | S3 | S4 | N | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | S2 | S2 | S4 | S4 | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | N | |
Lou | S3 | S3 | N | S3 | N | N | S3 | S3 | S4 | N | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | S2 | S2 | S4 | S4 | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | N | |
Green gram | High | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S4 | N | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | S2 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Int. | S3 | S3 | N | S3 | N | N | S3 | S3 | S4 | N | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | S2 | S2 | S4 | S4 | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | N | |
Lou | S3 | S3 | N | S3 | N | N | S3 | S3 | S4 | N | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | S2 | S2 | S4 | S4 | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | N | |
Pigeonpea | High | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | H | S4 | N | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | S2 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Int. | S3 | S3 | N | S3 | N | N | S3 | S3 | S4 | N | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | S2 | S2 | S4 | S4 | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | N | |
Lou | S3 | S3 | N | S3 | N | N | S3 | S3 | S4 | N | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | S2 | S2 | S4 | S4 | S4 | N | S4 | S4 | N | N | N | N |
CROP | LEVEL OF INPUTS | SOIL PHASES | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
P | P | P | P | P | PP | PP | K | K | KK | N | N | A | 0 | R | B | BM | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | p | Pc | |||
R | B | EM | S | O | R | S | S | AD | A | 0 | R | N | F | F | E | S | S | R | R | B | B | BM | S | S | S | SM | GM | ||
AO | A | AO | B | S | S | A | AO | R | A | AO | AO | AO | |||||||||||||||||
Barley | High | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S3 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Int. | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S4 | N | S4 | S3 | S4 | S4 | S3 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | |
Low | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S4 | N | S4 | S3 | S4 | S4 | S3 | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | II | |
Oat | High | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S4 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Int. | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S4 | N | N | S4 | S4 | S4 | N | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | |
Low | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | S4 | N | N | S4 | S4 | S4 | N | S3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | |
Cowpea | High | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Int. | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | |
Low | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | |
Green gram | High | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Int. | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | |
Low | N | N | N | N | N | N | H | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | |
Pigeonpea | High | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Int. | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | |
Low | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
TABLE 6.12 Relationships between topsoil loss and yield loss
Soil susceptibility ranking | Levels of inputs | Equation |
Least susceptible | Low | Y = 1.0 X |
Intermediate | Y = 0.6 X | |
High | Y = 0.2 X | |
Intermediate susceptibility | Low | Y = 2.0 X |
Intermediate | Y = 1.2 X | |
High | Y = 0.4 X | |
Most susceptible | ||
Low | Y = 7.0 X | |
Intermediate | Y = 5.0 X | |
High | Y = 3.0 X |
Y = productivity loss in percent;
Most susceptible | Intermediate susceptible | Least susceptible |
Acrisols, except Humic Acrisols | Arenosols | Chernozems |
Ferralic Cambisols | Cambisols, except Ferralic Cambisols | Fluvisols |
Ferralsols, except humic Ferralsols | Gleysols | Histosols |
Ironstone soils | Greyzems | Humic Andosols |
Lithosols | Humic Acrisols | Mollic Andosols |
Planosols | Humic Ferralsols | Vertisols |
Rendzinas | Kastanozems | |
Solonchaks | Luvisols | |
Solonetz | Nitisols | |
Phaeozems | ||
Regosols | ||
Vitric Andosols | ||
Xerosols | ||
Yermosols |
TABLE 6.14
Regeneration capacity of topsoil (mm/year)
LGP | Thermal Zone | ||||||||
(days) | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | T7 | T8 | T9 |
< 76 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 |
76–179 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 |
180–269 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
270 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
Derived from Hammer (1981)