Fishing vessel
Operations 

PROPULSION

Fuel consumption of engine, speed of vessel

∎ Fuel consumption of the engine

Specific consumption of fuel depending on the type of engine

—Consumption of fuel by an engine during a given period of time
C = 0.75 × P(max) × (S/d) × † × 0.001

where
0.75 is an average coefficient; free running it is between 0.7 and 0.8 and when fishing 0.5 to 0.8

Note : time can be replaced with distance covered in miles speed in knots

Approximation :

Annual consumption of a trawler = 1000 litres/HP/year

— Consumption of lubricating oil = 1 to 3% (in litres) of fuel consumption

∎ Maximum Economic Speed (Critical Speed)

This is related to the length of the vessel at the waterline.

— for a displacement vessel, this speed, V, can be estimated as follows :

— for a planing hull :

* petrol = gasoline

FISH HOLD, TANKS

Ice, capacity of holds and tanks, fresh water

Quantity of ice required

(1 m³ of ice weighs around 900 kg)

These quantities may be reduced by 30 to 50% if the hold is refrigerated.

∎ Capacity of the hold in kg of fish or Crustacea per m³

Taking into account the shape of the hold and arrangement for stowage, the real capacity of a hold will reflect a stowing rate 10-20% less than the figures shown here.

∎ Capacity of a live tank or well

Crustacea in well or tank on board : 120-200 kg of Crustacea per m³ of tank (Note : adequate water circulation is essential)
Crustacea in cage or 'car' set in sea : 400 kg of crustaceo per m³ of coge Live bait well : 30/50 kg of bail per m³ (water renewed 6 to 8 times per hour)

∎ Consumption of fresh water, minimum allowance to plan :

BAIT

Bait : quantity required

∎ Longiine

The quantity of bait required obviously depends on the bait type, target species and type of longiine. The figures here are rough estimates taken from examples in use.

If mackerel is used as bait, the following estimates may be given.

∎ Live bait for tuna

In planning to catch in the order of 10 to 30 † of tuna, reckon on 1 † of bait (the proportion will increase a little with the tonnage of the vessel).

OPERATIONS

Speed of operation

∎ Longlining (manual operation aided only by a line hauler)

—Bottom longline

number of hooks per man per day : 500-1000

speed of baiting : 2-4 hooks/min/man

speed of shooting (coastal) : 50-150 m/min

speed of shooting (deep-water) : 200-300 m/min

speed of hauling (coastal) : 15-40 m/min

speed of hauling (deep-water) : 60 m/min

— Midwater drifting longline (tuna type)

speed of shooting : 400-600 m/min or 500 hooks/h

speed of hauling : 200 hooks/h at 3-5 knots

∎ Gillnetting

Length of net per man per day : 500-1000 m

speed of shooting : 6000-9000 m/h

speed of hauling : 700-1500 m/h

∎ Purse seining

Shooting the seine usually takes 2-5 min

Speed of pursing :

Speed of hauling with power block :

Loading or broiling may take several hours depending on the catch.

∎ Trawling

The amount of time needed to shoot and haul the warps depends on the depth. Shooting the rest of the gear (doors, sweeps, bridles, net) may take 5-15 min. Hauling may take 15-25 min (excluding warps).

BOOKKEEPING

Bookkeeping

∎ Rules

∎ Keeping and presenting accounts

— The methods of settling and presentation of the accounts depend on the habits and traditions of local fishermen, which will determine the following :

— Particular costs are defined as joint expenses (fuel, ice, food etc.) or boat expenses (vessel maintenance, renting of equipment, etc.).

— Income from the catch is divided to pay certain expenses, as well as the labour share (crew share) and the boat share; these proportions vary among different fisheries.

— Division of the labour share among the crew may depend on individual responsibilities, amount of experience, etc.

Keep these two accounts well separated, preferably in two separate books.

(1) A book for the accounts of the crew, skipper included

This will help with calculation of crew payments.

(2)  A book for the boat's accounts (accounts of the company)

 This will help with calculation of the boat's net income.

—Gross receipts − joint expenses = net receipts

—Net receipts are divided into labour share and boat share

— The labour share is divided among the crew according to the contract (calculated every week or after each trip)

— The boat share − boat expenses = gross profit (calculated on an annual basis)

Bookkeeping (continued)

There is a net profit only if the gross profit is greater than the sum of interest on loans plus amortisation of equipment.

Table of  loan repayment

Amortisation is the cost associated with the loss of value, (through use, wearing out) of the investment (vessel, motor, etc.). Depreciation is a related term which is used more commonly. When money for replacement of equipment (which is wearing out) is set aside and considered a cost, this may be called amortisation, and the amount set aside should be equal to the depreciation (anticipated loss of value) of the equipment. During normal periods while the amortisation is calculated, it is not represented by actual payments of money; the money associated with amortisation costs is actually available, but should be set aside for replacement of vessel and equipment, as this eventually becomes necessary.

—Examples of amortisation periods :

— 2 types :

(1) linear depreciation:

(2) accelerated depreciation : residual value X depreciation rate

— The sum of the amortisation allotments should equal the actual purchase price of the equipment. All equipment should be amortised during the period in which it is actually used.

∎ Keeping accounting records

• gross receipts = sum of (joint expenses + crew shares + boat expenses)
• money available at year-end = [money available on January 1 (cash + savings) + gross profits (before taxes) + amortisation]

Example of accounts in a situation where the boat and crew split 50/50::

REGULATIONS

Local fisheries regulation and data

Use this blank page for records of local fisheries regulations and other useful local information.