Ahlborn-Bruer,
G. and W. D. Hohenboken. 1991. Additive and non-additive genetic effects on
milk production in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 74:592-602.
ARS. 1966.
Report of Egg Production Tests, United States and Canada Agric. Res. Serv.,
U.S. Dept. Agric. ARS44-79-6.
Baker, J.
F., C. R. Long, G. A. Pasada, W. H. McElhenney and T. C. Cartwright. 1989. Comparison of cattle
of a five-breed diallel: size, growth, condition
and puberal characters of second generation heifers.
J. Anim. Sci. 67:1218-1229.
Baker, J.
F., B. A. Buckley, G. E. Dickerson and J. A. Nienaber.
1991. Body composition and fasting heat production from birth to 14 months of
age for three biological types of beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 69:4406-4418.
Batra, T. R.
and R. W. Touchberry. 1974. Weights and body measurements of • purebred
Holstein and Guernsey females and their crossbreds. J. Dairy Sci. 57:842.
Bennett, G.
L. 1987. Periodic rotational crosses. 1. Breed and heterosis utilization. J.
Anim. Sci. 65:1471-1476.
Bennett, G.
L., M. W. Tess, G. E. Dickerson and R. K. Johnson. 1983. Simulation of breed
and crossbreeding effects on costs of pork production. J. Anim. Sci.
56:801-813.
Blake, R.
W., A. A. Custodio and W. H. Howard. 1986a.
Comparative feed efficiency of Holstein and Jersey cows. J. Dairy Sci.
69:1302-1308.
Blake, R.
W., B. T. McDaniel, R. E. Pearson, R. E. McDowell and C. J. Wilcox. 1986b. Genetic methods of improving dairy
cattle for the South: A review. J. Dairy Sci. 69:1098-1109.
Brascamp, E.
W., C. Smith and D. R. Guy. 1985. Derivation of economic weights from profit
equations. Anim. Prod. 40:175-179.
Byerly, T.
C. 1967. Efficiency of feed conversion. Science 157:890-895.
Carmon, J.
L., H. A. Stewart, C. C. Cockerham and R. E. Comstock. 1956. Prediction equations
for rotational crossbreeding. J. Anim. Sci. 15:930-936.
Cartwright,
T. C. 1970. Selection criteria for beef cattle for the future. J. Anim. Sci.
30:706-711.
Cartwright,
T. C, H. A. Fitzhugh and C. R. Long. 1975. Systems analysis of sources of genetic
and environmental variation in efficiency of beef production and mating plans.
J. Anim. Sci. 40:433-443.
CAST. 1984.
Animal Germplasm Preservation and Utilization in Agriculture. Council for
Agric. Sci. and Technol. Report No. 1001, Ames, Iowa.
Cheng, Pei Lieu. 1984. Livestock breeds of China. FAO Anim. Prod,
and Health Paper No. 46; Chapter 10. pp 159-194.
Clausen, Hj and C. Gerwig. 1958. Pig breeding, recording and progeny
testing in European countries. FAO Agric. Studies No. 44 Rome. 128 pp.
Cockerham,
C. C. 1954. An extension of the concept of partitioning hereditary variance for analysis of covariances
among relatives when epistasis is present. Genetics
39:859-882.
Comerford,
J. W., J. B. Cooper, L. L. Benyshek and J. K.
Bertrand. 1991. Evaluation of feed conversion in steers from a diallel of
Simmental, Limousin, Polled Hereford and Brahman beef
cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 69:2770-2778.
Comstock, R. E. and L. M. Winters. 1942. Design of experimental
comparisons between lines of breeding in livestock. J. Agric. Res. 64:523-532.
Craft, W. A.
1958. Fifty years of progress in swine breeding. J. Anim. Sci. 17:960-980.
Crawford, R.
1990. Poultry Breeding and Genetics. 1123 pp. Elsevier, Amsterdam-Oxford-New
York-Tokyo.
Cundiff, L.
V., K. E. Gregory, R. M. Koch and G. E. Dickerson. 1986. Genetic diversity among cattle breeds and its use
to increase beef production efficiency. In: G. E. Dickerson and R. K.
Johnson (Ed.) Proc. 3rd World Cong. Genet. Appl. Livest. Prod. 9:271-282.
Cunningham,
E. P. 1987b. Crossbreeding - the Greek temple model. J. Anim. Breed. Genet.
104:2.
Cunningham,
E. P. and O. Syrstad. 1987. Crossbreeding Bos indicus and Bos taurus for milk
production in the tropics. FAO Anim. Prod. Health Pap. No. 68, Food Agric.
Organ., United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Cunningham,
E. P. 1989. Formulation of breeding plans for dairy and dual purpose cattle.
Brazil. J. Genet. 12(3 Suppl):85-99.
Dickerson,
G. E. 1942. Experimental design for testing inbred lines of swine. J. Anim.
Sci. 1:326:341.
Dickerson,
G. E. 1962. Implications of genetic-environmental interaction in animal
breeding. Anim. Prod. 4:47-64.
Dickerson,
G. E. 1965. Random sample performance testing of poultry in the U.S.A. Wrld. Poult. Sci. J. 21:345-357.
Dickerson,
G. E. 1969. Experimental approaches in utilizing breed resources. Anim. Breed.
Abstr. 37:191-202.
Dickerson, G. E. 1970. Efficiency of animal production-molding the
biological components. J. Anim. Sci. 30:849-859.
Dickerson,
G. E. 1973. Inbreeding and heterosis in animals. pp 54-77. In: Proc. Animal
Breeding and Genetics Symposium in Honor of Jay L. Lush. L. V. Cundiff (Ed.)
Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. and Dairy Sci. Ass'n., Champaign, IL.
Dickerson,
G. E. 1976. The choice of selection objectives in meat producing animals. In:
D. Laster, D. W. Rhodes, V. R. Fowler and M. F. Fuller (Eds.) Meat Animals,
Plenum Publ. Corp., New York, pp 449-462.
Dickerson,
G. E. 1977. Crossbreeding evaluation of Finnsheep and some U.S. breeds for
market lamb production. N. Central Regional Publ. No. 246, Univ. of Nebraska,
Lincoln. 30 pp.
Dickerson,
G. E. 1982. Principles in establishing breeding objectives in livestock. In: R.
A. Burton and W. C. Smith (Eds.) Proc. Wld. Congr. Sheep and Beef Cattle Brdg.,
New Zealand. Vol. 1:9-22.
Dickerson,
G. E. 1990. Componentes de eficiencia en la producciόn de
Carne y leche. pp 15-38. In: Tewolde et al. (Ed.).
Donald, H.
P. 1973. Improvement of biological efficiency. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 267:131-144.
Duarte,
F.A.M. (Ed.) 1989. Utilization of Animal Genetic Resources in Latin America.
Brazil Jour. Genetics. Vol. 12(3)Suppl., 330 pp., Dept. Genetico, 14.049
Rebeirao Preto, S.P. Brasil.
Eberhart, S.
A. and C. O. Gardner. 1966. A general model for genetic effects. Biometrics
22:864-881.
Eisen, E. J.
1989. Genetic models to predict crossbred performance: A review. Brazil. J.
Genet. 12(3 Suppl): 13-26.
EEAP. 1988.
Experiments with Finnsheep and Prolificacy in Sheep. K. Maijala
(Ed.) EEAP Publ. No. 39, Helsinki, Finland.
Eisen, E.
J., G. Hörstgen-Schwark, A. M. Saxton and T. R. Bandy. 1983. Genetic
interpretation and analysis of diallel crosses with animals. Theor. Appl. Genet. 65:17-23.
Ercanbrack,
S. K. and A. D. Knight. 1989. Lifetime production of 1/4 and 1/2 Finnsheep ewes
from Rambouillet, Targhee and Columbia dams as affected by natural attrition.
J. Anim. Sci. 67:3258-3265.
Ericson, K. 1987. Crossbreeding effects between two Swedish dairy
breeds for production and reproductive traits. Report
No. 76, Dept. of Anim. Breed and Genet., Swedish Univ. of Agric.
Sci., Uppsula.
Fahmy, M. H.
1990. The accumulative effect of Finnsheep breeding in crossbreeding schemes:ewe productivity under an accelerated lambing
system. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 70:967-971.
Falconer, D.
S. 1952. The problem of environment and selection. Amer. Nat. 86:293.
FAO. 1986.
Animal Genetic Resources Data Books. 2. Description lists for cattle. Animal
Production and Health Paper 59/2, FAO/UN, Rome, Italy, 150 pp.
Fimland, E.
A. 1975. Standards and procedures for international genetic evaluations of
dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 70:418-424.
Fimland, E.,
J. Eri, P. J. Liland and T. Gjedrem. 1969. Results from a sheep crossbreeding
experiments. Scientific Reports No. 276, Agric. Coll. of Norway, Vol. 48, No.
13. 35 pp.
Goodwin, K.
1961. Effect of hatching egg size and chick size upon subsequent growth rate in
chickens. Poul. Sci. 40:1408-1409.
Graham, N. McC. 1967. The metabolic rate of fasting sheep in relation
to total and lean weight, and the estimation of maintenance requirements. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 18:127.
Green, R.
D., L. V. Cundiff and G. E. Dickerson. 1991. Life-cycle biological efficiency
of Bos indicus x Bos taurus and Bos taurus crossbred cow-calf production to
weaning. J. Anim. Sci. 69:3544-3563.
Gregory, K.
E., R. M. Koch, L. N. Hazel and D. Chambers. 1961. Principles of record of
performance in beef cattle. North Central Regional Publ. No. 119 20 pp. Univ.
of Nebraska, Lincoln.
Gregory, K.
E. and L. V. Cundiff. 1980. Crossbreeding in beef cattle: evaluation of
systems. Crossbreeding Mini-Symposium:Beef. J. Anim. Sci. 51:1224-1242.
Gregory, K.
E., L. V. Cundiff, R. M. Koch, D. B. Laster and G. M. Smith. 1978. Heterosis and breed maternal and
transmitted effects in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 47:1031-1041.
Gregory, K.
E., L. V. Cundiff and R. M. Koch. 1991a. Breed effects and heterosis in advanced
generations of composite populations for growth traits in both sexes of beef
cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 69:3202-3212.
Gregory, K.
E., L. V. Cundiff and R. M. Koch. 1991b. Breed effects and heterosis in advanced generations of composite
populations for birth weight, birth
date, dystocia and survival as traits of dam in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 69:3574-3589.
Gregory, K.
E., J.C.M. Trail, H.J.S. Marples and J. K. Kakonge. 1985. Characterization of
breeds of Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle for maternal and individual traits.
J. Anim. Sci. 60:1165-1180.
Hammond, J. 1947. Animal breeding in relation to nutrition and
environmental conditions. Biol. Rev. 22:; 195-213.
Hammond, J.
1949. Adaptation of livestock to new environments. In: Proc. United Nations Sci. Conf. on Conservation and
Utilization of Resources, Vol. 6, Land Resources, pp 414-421.
Harris, D. L. 1970. Breeding for efficiency in livestock
production:defining the economic objectives. J. Anim. Sci.30:860-865.
Harris, F.
L., D. L. Lofgren, T. S. Stewart and A. P. Schinckel. 1989. Adapting Best
Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) for timely genetic evaluation. J. Anim. Sci.
67:3209-3222.
Hazel, L. N.
1943. The genetic basis for constructing selection indexes. Genetics
28:476-490.
Hill, W. G.
1982. Dominance and epistasis as components of
heterosis. Zeits. Teirz. Zuchtungsb. 99:161-168.
Holman, F.,
R. W. Blake, R. A. Milligan, P. A. Oltenacu, R. Barker, M. V. Hahn and T. R.
Rounsaville. 1990. Net margins from different fractions of Holstein genes in
Venezuelan herds based on performance estimates by producers. J. Dairy Sci.
73:2952-2964.
Jacobec, V.,
P. Komender, G. Nitter, D. Fewson and Z. Soukupova. 1987. Crossbreeding in farm animals. 1.Analysis of
complete diallel experiments by means of three models with application
to poultry. Zeits. Teirs. Zuchtungsb. 104:283-294.
Jacobec, V.,
J. Wolf, J. Hyanek. 1991. Additive, dominance and epistatic effects in animals.
Proc. 42nd Ann. Mtg. European Assoc. Anim. Prod., Berlin. PP 18.
Jasiorowski, H., Z. Reklewski, M. Stolzman, R. Grobowski and M.
Lukaszewicz, 1988a. Testing of different strains of Friesian cattle in Pland.
III. Milk performance of strain backcrosses
under intensive feeding conditions. Livest. Prod.
Sci. 18:101-113.
Jasiorowski,
H. A., M. Stolzman and Z. Reklewski. 1988b. International Friesian strain
comparison trial - World perspective. FAO/UN, Rome, Italy.
Johnson, R.
K. 1981. Crossbreeding in swine: experimental results. J. Anim. Sci.
52:906-923.
Jonsson, P.
1975. Methods of pig improvement through breeding in the European countries: a
review. Livest. Prod. Sci. 21:1-28.
Kempthorne,
O. 1957. An Introduction to Genetic Statistics, Wiley New York.
Kinney, T.
B., W. R. Harvey, G. E. Dickerson and L. H. Baker. 1969. The value of performance index for predicting income
in Random Sample Egg Production Tests. Poul. Sci. 48:4371-4391.
King, J.W.B.
1955. The use of testing stations for pig improvement. Anim. Breed. Abstr.
23:347-346.
Kinghorn, B.
P. 1980. The expression of "recombination loss" in quantitative traits.
Zeits. Tierz. Zuchtungsb. 97:138-143.
Koch, R. M.,
G. E. Dickerson, L. V. Cundiff and K. E. Gregory. 1985. Heterosis retained in
advanced generations of crosses among Angus and Hereford cattle. J. Anim. Sci.
60:1117-1132.
Koong, L.
J., C. L. Ferrell and J. A. Nienaber. 1985.
Assessment of relationships among levels of intake and production, organ size
and fasting heat production in growing animals. J. Nutr. 115:1383.
Lee, D.H.K.
and R. W. Phillips. 1948. Assessment of the adaptability of livestock to climatic
stress. J. Anim. Sci. 7:391-425.
Lerner, I.
M. and H. P. Donald. 1966. Modern Developments in Animal Breeding. Academic
Press. New York.
Lush, J. L.
1936. Genetic aspects of the Danish system of progeny testing swine. IA Agr.
Exp. Sta. Res. Bul. No. 204.
Lush, J. L.,
P. S. Shearer and C. C. Culbertson. 1939. Crossbreeding hogs for pork
production. IA Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Bul. No. 380:81-116.
Lush, J. L. 1946. Chance as a cause of changes in gene
frequency within purebreeds of livestock. Am. Nat. 80:318-342.
MacNeil, M. D. 1987. Formation of optimal composite
populations. Theor. Appl. Genet. 74:837-841.
Madalena, F.
E. 1989. Cattle breed resource utilization for dairy production in Brazil. Brazil J. Genet. 12(3 Suppl): 183-220.
Madalena, F. E., A. M. Lemos, R. L. Teodoro, J.B.N.
Monteiro and R. T. Barbosa. 1989. Causes terminating lactation records in
Holstein x Guzera Crosses. Rev Brasil. Genet.
12:161-167.
Madalena, F. E., A. M. Lemos, R. L. Teodoro, R. T.
Barbosa and J.B.N. Monteiro. 1990a. Dairy production and reproduction in
Holstein-Friesian and Guzera crosses. J. Dairy
Sci. 73:1872-1886.
Madalena, F. E., R. L. Teodoro, A. M. Lemos, J.B.N.
Monteiro and R. T. Barbosa. 1990b. Evaluation of strategies for crossbreeding of dairy cattle in Brazil. J. Dairy
Sci. 73:1887-1901.
Martinez, M.
L., A. J. Lee and C.Y. Lin. 1988. Age and Zebu-Holstein additive and heterotic
effects on lactation performance and reproduction in Brazil. J. Dairy Sci.
71:800-808.
Mason, I.
1973. The role of natural and artificial selection in the origin of breeds of
farm animals. Zeits. Tierz. Zuchtungsb. 90:229-244.
Mason, I.
1988. World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds. 3rd ed. Commonwealth Agric. Bur.
Internal., Oxon, OX10 8DE 349 pp.
Maule, J. P.
1989. The Cattle of the Tropics. Univ. Edinburgh, Center for Tropical Vet. Med.
Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK. 225 pp.
McDowell, R.
E. and B. T. McDaniel. 1968. Interbreed matings in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci.
51:767-778; 1275-1280; 1649-1658.
Melton, B.
E., E. O. Heady and R. L. Willham. 1979. Estimation of economic values for
selection indices. Anim. Prod. 28:279-286.
Melton, B.
E. and W. A. Colette. 1992. Output-input ratios in beef breed evaluations. J.
Anim. Sci. 70:
MLC. 1978.
PIG Improvement Scheme Yearbook. Pig Improvement Services, Meat and Livestock
Commission. Bletchley, UK. 141 pp.
Moav, R.
1966. Specialized sire and dam lines. III. Choice of the most profitable parental combination when component
traits are genetically non-additive. Anim. Prod. 8:365-374.
Moav, R.
1973. Economic evaluation of genetic differences. In: R. Moav (Ed.) Agric.
Genet, pp 319-352. Wiley, New York.
Núñez-Dominguez,
R., G. E. Dickerson, L. V. Cundiff,
K. E. Gregory and R. M. Koch. 1992. Economic evaluation of heterosis and
culling policies for lifetime productivity in Hereford, Angus, Shorthorn and
crossbred cows. J. Anim. Sci. (Submitted).
Notter, D. R. and L. V. Cundiff. 1991. Across-breed
expected progeny differences: Use of within
breed expected progeny differences to adjust breed evaluations for sire
sampling and genetic trend. J. Anim. Sci. 69:4763-4776.
OAV/STRC/1BAR.
1985. Animal Genetic Resources in Africa. Proc. Expert Committee Meeting
(Indigenous Livestock of Africa), P.O. Box 30786, Nairobi, Kenya. 155 pp.
Olson, L. W.
1989. 6th Clemson University Edisto Forage Bull Sale, So. Carolina Beef Cattle
Improv. Program, Blackville, SC 29817.
Olson, T.
A., K. Euclides Filho, L. V. Cundiff, M. Koger, W. T. Butts, Jr., and K. E.
Gregory. 1991. Effects of breed group by location inter-action on crossbred
cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 69:104-114.
O.I.E. 1985.
5th Ed. International Veterinary Certification for Trade in Animal Products
Appendix 16.
Oltenacu, E. A. Branford and W. J. Boylan. 1981. Productivity of
purebred and crossbred Finnsheep. J. Anim. Sci. 52:999-1006.
Olthoff, J.
C. and G. E. Dickerson. 1989. Relationship between fasting heat production,
body composition and tissue distribution in mature ewes from seven breeds. J.
Anim. Sci. 67:2576-2588.
Parekh,
H.K.B. and R. W. Touchberry. 1974. Comparative performance of purebreds and
crossbreds in respect to reproductive traits 1st parity records.
Paschal, J.
C, J. O. Sanders and J. L. Kerr. 1991. Calving and weaning characteristics of
Angus-, Gray Brahman-, Gir-, Indu-Brazil-, Nellore-, and Red Brahman-sired Ft
calves. J. Anim. Sci. 69:2395-2402.
Philipsson,
J. 1987. Standards and procedures for international genetic evaluations of
dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 70:418-424.
Phillips, R.
W. 1961. Untapped sources of animal germplasm. In: R. E. Hodgson (Ed.) Germ
Plasm Resources. Publ. No. 66, Amer. Assn. Adv. Sci. pp 43-75.
Phillips, R.
W. 1967. Animal Genetic Resources, Wld. Rev. Anim. Prod. 3:28-33.
Phillips, R.
W., R. G. Johnson and R. T. Moyer. 1945. The Livestock Breeds of China. 174 pp.
U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Robertson,
A. 1959. Experimental design in the evaluation of genetic parameters.
Biometrics 15:219-226.
Robertson,
A. and A. A. Asher. 1951. The expansion of a breed of dairy cattle. Emp. J.
Exp. Agric. 19:191-201.
Robison, O.
W., B. T. McDaniel and E. J. Rincon. 1981. Estimation of direct and maternal additive and heterotic effects from
crossbreeding experiments in animals. J. Anim. Sci. 52:44-50.
Schmidt, G.
H. and D. E. Pritchard. 1988. Effect of milk pricing systems on income over feed and variable costs of dairy
cattle breeds. J. Dairy Sci. 71:1097-1103.
Schoonoord.
1981. Commercial pig evaluation in the Netherlands Report 13-180 of Res.
Instit. for Animal Production, Schoonoord, Netherlands.
Sellier, P.
1976. The basis of crossbreeding in pigs. A review. Livest.
Prod. Sci. 3:203.
Sheridan, A.
K. 1981. Crossbreeding and heterosis. Anim. Breed. Abstr. 49:131-139.
Simpson, J.
R. and C. J. Wilcox. 1982. Determination of optimum cattle systems for tropical
and subtropical livestock enterprises. J. Dairy Sci. 65:1055-1066.
Smith, C. 1964. The use of specialized sire and dam lines in selection
for meat production. Anim. Prod. 6:337-344.
Smith, C.
1978. Effect of inflation and form of investment on estimated values of genetic
improvement. Anim. Prod. 26:101-110.
Smith, C. 1989. Strategies in genetic resource utilization. Brazil. J.
Genet. 12(3 Suppl):l-ll.
Smith, C.
and G. Banos. 1991. Selection within and across populations in livestock
improvement. J. Anim. Sci. 69:2387-2394.
Smith, C, J.
W. James and E. W. Brascamp. 1986. On the derivation of economic weights in
livestock improvement. Anim. Prod. 43:545-551.
Solkner, J.
and J. W. James. 1990. Optimum design of crossbreeding experiments. J. Anim.
Breed, and Genet. 107:61-67, 411-430.
Solkner, J. 1991.
The impact of different genetic models on the optimum design of crossbreeding
experiments. Anim. Prod. 52:255-262.
Sollor, M.
And R. Bar-Anan. 1964. A note on milk production in crosses between Dutch and American strains of Friesian
dairy cattle. Anim. Prod. 6:125-126.
Steel,
R.G.D. and J. H. Torrie. 1960. Principles and Procedures of Statistics.
McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. New York, Toronto, London.
Stewart, T.
S., D. L. Lofgren, D. L. Harris, M. E. Einstein and A. P. Schinckel. 1991. Genetic improvement programs in livestock:
swine testing and genetic evaluation system (stages). J. Anim. Sci.
69:3882-3890.
Stolzman, M.
1979. Testing different strains of Friesian cattle in Poland. Fifth Annual
Report, Project No. PL-ARS-48, Grant No. FG-PO-330.
Stolzman,
M., H. Jasiorowski, Z. Reklewski, A. Zarnecki and G. Kolinowski. 1988.
Comparison of ten Friesian strains in Poland under field conditions. I. Strain
comparison for growth rate. Livest. Prod. Sci.
18:217-237.
Stonaker, H.
H. 1961. Origin of animal germ plasm presently used in N. America. In: R. H.
Hodgson (Ed.) Germ Plasm Resources Publ. No. 66, Am. Assn. Adv. Sci.:21-41.
Syrstad, O. 1988. Crossbreeding for increasing milk production in the
tropics. Norwegian Agric. Sci. 2:179-185.
Syrstad, O.
1990. Dairy cattle crossbreeding in the Tropics:the importance of genotype x
environment interaction. Livest. Prod. Sci.
24:109-118.
Tess, M. W.,
G. L. Bennett and G. E. Dickerson. 1983a. Simulation of genetic changes in life
cycle efficiency of pork production. I. A bio-economic model. J. Anim. Sci.
56:354-368.
Tess, M. W.,
G. L. Bennett and G. E. Dickerson. 1983b. Simulation of genetic changes in life
cycle efficiency of pork production. II. Effects of components on efficiency.
J. Anim. Sci. 56:369-379.
Tewolde, A.,
D. Solgado F. and F. Mujica C. 1990. Memorias
de ha Conferencia Internacional Sobre Sistemas y Estrategias de Mejoramiento
Bovino en el Tropico. Centro Agron. Tropic. de Investig. Enseñanza Turialba,
Costa Rica.
Touchberry,
R. W. 1970. Comparison of general merit of purebred and crossbred dairy cattle
from 20 years of crossbreeding. pp 18-63. In: Proc. 19th Annual Breeders Round
Table, Poultry Breeders of America. Kansas City, MO.
Touchberry,
R. W. 1992. Crossbreeding effects in dairy cattle; The Illinois Experiments,
1949 to 1969. J. Dairy Sci. 75:640.
Trail,
J.C.M., K. E. Gregory, H.J.S. Marples and J. Kakonge. 1985. Comparison of Bos indicus breed crosses with
straightbred Bos-indicus cattle for maternal and individual traits. J.
Anim. Sci. 60:1181-1187.
Turner, H.
N. 1967. Genetic aspects of characteristics to be considered in the evaluation
and utilization of indigenous livestock. Wld. Rev. Anim. Prod. 3:17-26.
Turner, H.
N. 1969. Effective performance recording in sheep. pp 159-174. In: Handbook on
Biological Techniques, Internal. Biol. Programme, FAO, Rome.
V.I.P. 1979.
Voluntary Improvement Plan. New Zealand Pork Industry Council. Third Annual
Report for 1979.
Waldron, D.
F., D. L. Thomas, T. W. Wickersham, D. G. Morrical, S. R. Baertshee, R. E. Hudgens,
C. W. Hirschinger and R. A. Kemp. 1989. Central ram tests in midwestern United
States. J. Anim. Sci. 67:1189-1207.
Wang, C. T.
and G. E. Dickerson. 1991. Simulation of life-cycle efficiency of lamb and wool
production for genetic levels of component traits and alternative management
options. J. Anim. Sci. 69:4324-4337.
Warren, D.
C. 1942. The crossbreeding of poultry. Tech. Bul. 52, Kansas Agric. Exp. Sta.
Warren, D.
C. 1958. A half century of advances in the genetics and breeding improvement of
poultry. Poultry Sci. 37:3-20.
Willham, R.
L. and E. Pollak. 1985. Theory of heterosis. J. Dairy Sci. 68:2411-2417.
Wilson, S.
P. 1974. Genotype by environment interaction in the context of animal breeding.
Proc. 1st Wrld. Cong. Genet. Appl.
Livest. Prod. 1:393-412.
Winters, L.
M., P. S. Jordan, O. M. Kiser and R. E. Comstock. 1937. The Minnesota studies
of crossbreeding swine. Proc. Am. Soc. An. Prod. 196-203.
Wright, S.
1921. Systems of mating. Genetics 6:111-178.
Wright, S.
1922. Effects of inbreeding and crossbreeding in guinea pigs. U.S. Dept. Agr.
Bull 1121.
Wright, S.
1948. On roles of directed and random changes in gene frequency in the genetics
of populations. Evolution 2:279-294.
Wright, S.
1977. Experimental results and evolutionary dediction. Vol. 3. Evolution and
the Genetics of Populations. Univ. Chicago Press.
Yamada, Y.
1962. Genotype by environment interaction and genetic correlation of the same
trait under different environments. Jap. Journ. Genet. 37:498-509.
Young, L.
D., G. E. Dickerson, T. S. Ch'ang and R. Evans. 1986. Heterosis retention in
sheep crossbreeding. In: G. E. Dickerson and R. K. Johnson (Ed.) Proc. 3rd
World Cong. Genet. Appl. Livest.
Prod. 9:497-508.
Young, L.
D., G. E. Dickerson and K. A. Leymaster. 1989. Performance of eight purebred and two composite swine
populations, pp 3-6 In: Swine Res. Progr. Rpt. No. 3, Agric. Res. Serv.,
U.S. Dept. Agr., ARS 71-1.
Young, L. D.
1991. Comparison of Meishan, Fengjing, Minzhu and Duroc swine. J. Anim. Sci.
69(Suppll): 191.
