A value chain approach to animal
diseases risk management

Technical foundations and practical
framework for field application

FAO Animal Production
and Health Guidelines
No. 4

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Classical risk assessment approaches for animal diseases are influenced by the probability of release, exposure and consequences of a hazard affecting a livestock population. Once a pathogen enters into domestic livestock, potential risks of exposure and infection both to animals and people extend through a chain of economic activities related to producing, buying and selling of animals and products. Therefore, in order to understand economic drivers of animal diseases in different ecosystems and to come up with effective and efficient measures to manage disease risks from a country or region, the entire value chain and related markets for animal and product needs to be analysed to come out with practical and cost effective risk management options agreed by actors and players on those value chains.

Value chain analysis enriches disease risk assessment providing a framework for interdisciplinary collaboration, which seems to be in increasing demand for problems concerning infectious livestock diseases. The best way to achieve this is to ensure that veterinary epidemiologists and social scientists work together throughout the process at all levels.




      Table of contents



      Acknowledgements
      Acronyms and abbreviations
      Summary

      PART 1
      Technical Foundations

      Why a value chain approach to management of disease risks?

        - Risk-based, people-centred control of disease risks in livestock value chains
        - Systematic thinking – a basis for transparent and evidence-based planning

      Value chains and value chain analysis for the purposes of management of animal disease risks

        - What are value chains?
        - Value chain analysis
        - Summary

      Risk Analysis

        - Risk analysis – key concepts and principles
        - The value of qualitative risk analysis

      PART 2
      Practical Framework

      Step 1: Situation analysis and preliminary risk analysis

        - Descriptive epidemiology of the situation regarding the disease(s) of concern
        - Carrying out value chain analysis
        - Identifying risk issues and risk hotspots in value chains

      Step 2: Detailed risk and value chain analysis leading to planning of risk management options

        - Detailed risk analysis focused on risk hotspots

      Step 3: Option appraisal and design of strategy

        - Analysis of impacts on different stakeholders
        - Choice of interventions – decision-making criteria

      Concluding remarks

      Annexes

        1. Risk pathway analysis and risk control
        2. Developing and analysing enterprise budgets
        3. Outline for information gathering on poultry value chain
        4. Semi-structured interview guides for different poultry-related sites
        5. Example of a preliminary risk analysis table for risk of foot- and-mouth disease (FMD) in northern Viet Nam
        6. Example of a detailed risk assessment and risk mitigation analysis – Viet Nam

      References



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