Guidelines on fisheries extension in the Bay of Bengal Region

Manuals and Guides - BOBP/MAG/9

Guidelines on Fisheries Extension
in the Bay Of Bengal Region

by
Inge Jungeling
Socio-economist, APO

Executing Agency: FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

BAY OF BENGAL PROGRAMME Madras, India 1993

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

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© FAO 2004

ABSTRACT

Fisheries extension is a concept that is not always very well understood. One reason is that extension, in general, involves a rather complex process that requires clear objectives, clear programmes and the resources to implement its programmes.
Another reason is that the effects of extension are not always clearly visible in a short period of time; extension is often just the starting point of helping people to help themselves, and this may require time. And then again, fisheries extension has its own complicated features, compared, for example, to agricultural extension. Fisheries extension cannot always be given ‘on the job’, which is at sea. And in a fishing village it is often difficult to gather together a group of fishermen, for they are frequently away from their homes at irregular times. Furthermore, while an agricultural community might have relatively homogeneous farming systems, most fishing communities have diverse ranges of ‘fishing systems’, each with its own extension requirements.

This paper is, therefore, NOT a manual; it does not provide a stepby- step approach to fisheries extension. Rather, it explains that every single programme has its own specific features, depending on such factors as the target group and the resources, and that a learning approach has, therefore, to be used, the different situations having to be analyzed before the most appropriate extension service can be provided

- EXTENSION TRIES TO BRING ABOUT CHANGES IN KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, SKILLS AND/OR BEHAVIOUR

- EXTENSION ADDRESSES THE NEEDS OF A CLIENT POPULATION

- EXTENSION OBJECTIVES AND THE OVERALL DEVELOPMENT POLICY

3 . PLANNING FISHERIES EXTENSION PROGRAMMES

- THE OVERALL DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND THE EMERGENCE OF A FISHERIES EXTENSION SERVICE

- THE LIMITATIONS OF INTERVENTION AND THE AREA OF COMPETENCE OF THE FISHERIES EXTENSION SERVICE

- THE CLIENT ORIENTATION OF FISHERIES EXTENSION: WHO?

- THE PROBLEM ANALYSIS: WHY? SETTING THE EXTENSION AIMS OF A PROGRAMME

- CHOOSING THE RIGHT EXTENSION METHOD(S): HOW?

- TIMING THE EXTENSION PROGRAMME: WHEN?

- EXTENSION REQUIRES RESOURCES AND HAS A COST

- MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF EXTENSION PROGRAMMES

- EXTENSION AND RESEARCH

4 . EXTENSION METHODS

- MASS MEDIA

- PRINTED MEDIA

- AUDIO-VISUAL MEDIA

- INDIVIDUAL EXTENSION METHODS

- GROUP EXTENSION METHODS

- VISUAL AND AUDIO-VISUAL EXTENSION AIDS

5. WORKING WITH CLIENTS: THE DEMAND SIDE

- THE PRINCIPLE OF THE CLIENT’S SELF-RELIANCE IN DECISION-MAKING

- ASSESSING THE REAL NEEDS AND ANALYZING THE PROBLEM

- WORKING WITH CLIENT GROUPS & VILLAGE ORGANIZATIONS

- WORKING WITH ADULTS

- WORKING WITH SOCIAL GROUPS AND POWER STRUCTURES

- ESTABLISHING A DEMAND FOR FISHERIES EXTENSION

6. UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF THE FEA

- COMBINING FISHERIES EXTENSION WITH OTHER DUTIES

- WHITE-COLLAR PERCEPTIONS

- CLIENTS AND SUPERIORS

- COMMITMENT IN ORGANIZING EXTENSION ACTIVITIES