I. PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK

Introduction

1. The present Summary Programme of Work and Budget (SPWB) proposals have been developed following the usual process of detailed submissions by all Headquarters departments and offices, as well as Regional and Sub-regional Offices in response to senior management's guidance. These submissions were reviewed, and the important features were discussed at policy-level during a series of "budget hearings". Particular attention was paid to consultations with offices outside Headquarters through regional videoconferences, in addition to the day-to-day contacts between outposted teams and their counterpart departments and divisions.

2. As stressed in the Director-General's Introduction, the analytical process was facilitated this time by the thorough assessment of long-term trends which culminated in the adoption of the Strategic Framework 2000-2015 by the last session of the FAO Conference. This was followed by the development of the Medium Term Plan (MTP) which translates the Strategic Framework into a six-year programme which is specifically defined in terms of programme entities. These entities have a rationale, objectives, major outputs and indicators as well as an indication of the timeframe and of overall resources required. The Council had considered the latter document and had invited the Secretariat to prepare the SPWB taking as a starting point, the substantive content of the MTP. Thus, the major substantive thrusts and priorities largely determined by these two exercises, the formulation of proposals for the next biennium became more a matter of fine-tuning of planned outputs and staffing requirements - as was in fact intended in the revised programme budget process endorsed by the Conference. The links of the present Summary Programme of Work and Budget proposals to the Strategic Framework and Medium Term Plan are illustrated below.

Proposals by Budgetary Chapter

Resource Distribution Tables

3. The following tables describe the distribution of resources - firstly, at the level of the Programme of Work (i.e. the gross budget including resources from other income) prior to the addition of anticipated cost increases; and secondly, at the level of the Appropriation at the same exchange rate adopted for the Programme of Work and Budget (PWB) 2000-2001. Calculation of cost increases is covered under section III: Budgetary Framework.

Proposed Overall Resources Allocation for the Programme of Work

Overview of Resource Changes in the Programme of Work

4. In line with the decisions of the Joint Meeting of the Programme and Finance Committees to integrate "other" income into the PWB (adopted since the PWB 1998-99), tables throughout the document, especially in section IV: Programme Budget, deal with the Programme of Work. Therefore, the following summary covers the main programme changes at the level of the overall Programme of Work (prior to the addition of anticipated cost increases). More detailed explanations on programme changes are provided throughout section IV.

Chapter 1 - General Policy and Direction

5. The major change under Major Programme 1.2, Policy, Direction and Planning, is attributable to the cost of rebuilding the Organization's Computerized Programme Planning and Budgeting System (PLANSYS). Amongst several offsetting changes, there is deliberate action to strengthen conference operations and to re-engineer language services to benefit from advanced technology, coupled with some limited required increases for the Offices of Director-General and of the Inspector-General.

Chapter 2 - Technical and Economic Programmes

6. In line with the substantive thrusts and priorities outlined in the Medium Term Plan 2002-2007 (and summarised at the beginning of each major programme narrative in section IV of this document), this chapter would benefit from a significant boost of resources, albeit at a lower level than that indicated for the biennium 2002-2003 in the MTP. Particular attention has been paid, at the major programme level, to the priorities of Member Nations with regard to the programmes on Fisheries and Forestry which show increases of 5.8% and 6.0% respectively. While Major Programme 2.1, Agricultural Production and Support Systems, shows an increase of 6.3%, this includes the effect of decisions taken at the last FAO Conference concerning the Rotterdam Convention and the Near East Desert Locust Commission (see details under programme entities 212P2 and 212A4 respectively) as well as the fact that this programme plays host to the amount of US$ 1.0 million set aside as central support to Priority Areas for Inter-disciplinary Action (PAIAs) under 210S5. If these exceptional entries are discounted, the underlying increase to Major Programme  2.1 is closer to 4.5%. At the same time, attention was paid to more balanced use of FAO languages in planned substantive outputs.

Chapter 3 - Cooperation and Partnerships

7. There are quite complex movements within this chapter, including net reduction in field operations services, especially in the Regional Offices, as well as some further savings from the restructuring of the Technical Cooperation Department (TC), while additional resources are provided:

1. to strengthen the FAORs;
2. for policy assistance; and
3. to develop the Field Programme Management Information System (FPMIS).

Chapter 4 - Technical Cooperation Programme

8. The increase aims to maintain the share of this chapter at 14.9% of the Appropriation, i.e. at the same proportional level as indicated in the MTP for the 2002-2003 biennium.

Chapter 5 - Support Services

9. The main change under Major Programme 5.1, Information and Publications Support, is attributable to the reinforcement of public information activities in the Liaison Office in Washington and at Headquarters, in accord with the strategy for communicating FAO's messages. The increase under Major Programme 5.2, Administration, reflects additional resources for the restructured Finance Division (AFF) and further funding to meet development costs of FAO's administrative and financial systems. This is partially offset by staff reductions in the newly-established Management Support Service (MSS) and in the Personnel Division (AFP), and a transfer of the Administrative Services Division (AFS) direction's cost and Regional Offices' Management Support Unit (MSU) costs to other chapters.

Chapter 6 - Common Services

10. Changes are principally on account of transfers from Chapter 5.

Distribution of the Proposed Appropriation

11. The following table examines the net impact on the Appropriation before cost increases, which is arrived at by deducting "Other Income" from the Programme of Work. While the movements under "Programme Change" are substantively the same in programme terms, the influence of changes in "Other Income" becomes apparent. The main variances between this and the previous table are explained below.

Proposed Allocation for the Appropriation (Excluding Cost Increases)

12. Reductions in income have occurred as follows:

1. Major Programme  2.4, Forestry, anticipates a reduction in budgeted income from the reimbursement of technical support services to the field programme;
2. Major Programme  2.5, Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts, foresees the decline of support from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in relation to FAO's work on population programmes;
3. Major Programme  3.3, Field Operations, shows a decline in administrative and operational support services (AOS) income which reflects some reduction in forecast non-emergency field programme delivery;
4. Major Programme  3.4, FAO Representatives, reflects an increase in AOS income which relates to the transfer of operational responsibilities to the country level [however, see note on AOS income distribution under section III: Budgetary Framework - this will need further consideration in the full Programme of Work and Budget (PWB)]; and
5. Major Programme  5.2, Administration, anticipates the decline in the reimbursement of services which were previously provided to World Food Programme (WFP) by the Finance Division (AFF).

Links to the Strategic Framework and the Medium Term Plan

Distribution of Resources by Strategic Objectives

13. The Medium Term Plan 2002-2007 included information on the distribution of resources for substantive programmes (i.e. those under Chapter 2, Technical and Economic Programmes, and Major Programme 3.1, Policy Assistance) across the 12 objectives of the Strategic Framework (labelled A1 to E3 and listed on the back cover of this document).

14. The following table supplements the information provided in the MTP (adjusted to the first biennium 2002-2003 for comparative purposes) with similar breakdowns for the present Summary Programme of Work and Budget proposals.

Substantive Programmes - Distribution of Resources by Strategic Objectives

15. The resource breakdowns across strategic objectives are - not unexpectedly - broadly similar, although minor differences can be explained by the fact that lower resource levels characterise SPWB proposals compared to the tentative resource distribution pattern in the MTP.

Relationships with the Medium Term Plan

16. The articulation of the SPWB proposals under substantive programmes in terms of constituent entities is virtually identical to that indicated in the MTP, with rare exceptions to take account of developments since the latter document was formulated.

17. The principles of the programme model which underlay the Medium Term Plan are briefly recalled below. In short, the "building blocks" of FAO's substantive work should fall under three categories:

1. Technical projects (numbered 2XXA1 to 2XXO9 - under Chapter 2), which have the following general characteristics: a duration of up to six years; precise time-bound objectives defined in terms of the use which target users will make of outputs; definition of the major outputs; demonstrable effectiveness criteria and indicators; specification of target users and of linkages with partners - both internal and external - that will be necessary to achieve these objectives;
2. Continuing programme activities (numbered 2XXP1 to 2XXR9), which vary from technical projects primarily because they are activities of an ongoing nature that are not amenable to time bound objectives (e.g. collection of statistical time series), while the same approach concerning effectiveness criteria, user focus and linkages applies; and
3. Technical service agreements (numbered 2XXS1 to 2XXZ9), the third type of entity which is designed to cover demand-oriented services, such as advisory services to Members or technical support services to projects and can include servicing of regular meetings.

18. As several important aspects in the design of the above entities, such as rationale, indicators and partnerships, were specified in the Medium Term Plan and associated database available on FAO's website, for the sake of brevity, the narratives in section IV for individual entities are limited to statements of objective(s) and summaries of outputs planned for the next biennium. While the objectives are in most cases "lifted" from the MTP, it may be noted that some rephrasing by the concerned units, has taken place to make them more concrete or understandable by non-specialist audiences, while obviously not altering the original meaning. Account was also taken of eventual observations made during the review of the MTP by the Programme and Finance Committees and by the Council; further adjustments are possible following review of their respective sections by the Technical Committees of the Council, and will be reflected in the full PWB. It is also worth recalling that more detailed and precise lists of biennial outputs will be developed in connection with the full PWB.

19. It is noted that when the MTP was prepared, there were some instances where programme entity numbers had been changed from the PWB 2000-01, generally because a programme entity in the form of technical project or technical service agreement was converted to a continuing programme activity or vice versa. As a result, some programme entities have been re-numbered in the base for PWB 2002-03, as follows:

Table of Renumbered Programme Entities

20. For information purposes, the indicative resource levels for the 2002-2003 biennium included in the Medium Term Plan for FAO's substantive programmes are provided in the following table, together with those in the present SPWB proposals.

Resources Programmed for Substantive Work for 2002-2003 (All amounts in US$ 000)

21. While it was not possible to include the full amounts indicated in the MTP in order to limit the overall increase of resources under the Regular Budget Appropriation, it may be noted that the respective shares of individual major programmes to the total have remained broadly consistent.

Priority Areas for Inter-disciplinary Action (PAIAs)

Background

22. The Medium Term Plan 2002-2007 gave due emphasis to needed cooperation across departments, in order to respond to the call in the FAO Strategic Framework 2000-2015 for enhanced multi-disciplinary approaches. Sixteen Priority Areas for Inter-disciplinary Action (PAIAs) over the medium-term were singled out, and are recalled below under the corporate strategies on which they are largely focused, bearing in mind that several also contribute to other strategies.

A - Contributing to the eradication of food insecurity and rural poverty

1. Local Institution Building to Improve Capacity for Achieving Sustainable Rural Livelihoods (LHOO)
2. Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness and Post-Emergency Relief and Rehabilitation (REHA)

B - Promoting, developing and reinforcing policy and regulatory frameworks for food, agriculture, fisheries and forestry

1. Biosecurity for Agriculture and Food Production (BIOS)
2. WTO Multi-lateral Trade Negotiations on Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (AWTO)
3. Climate Change Issues in Agriculture (CLIM)

C - Creating sustainable increases in the supply and availability of food and other products from the crop, livestock, fisheries and forestry sectors

1. Organic Agriculture (ORGA)
2. Food for the Cities (FCIT)
3. Integrated Production Systems (SARD/SPFS) (PROD)
4. Biotechnology Applications in Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (BTEC)

D - Supporting the conservation, improvement and sustainable use of natural resources for food and agriculture

1. Integrated Management of Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture (BIOD)
2. Strengthening Capacity for Integrated Ecosystem Management (ECOM)

E - Improving decision-making through the provision of information and assessments and fostering of knowledge management for food and agriculture

1. Definitions, Norms, Methodologies and Quality of Information (QINF)
2. Spatial Information Management and Decision Support Tools (SPAT)
3. Global Perspective Studies (GLOP)

23. The other two PAIAs are more of a thematic nature, covering Gender Mainstreaming, and Ethics in Food and Agriculture (ETHI). As Gender Mainstreaming will translate into a detailed Plan of Action on Gender and Development 2002-2007, to be submitted to the FAO Conference (at its request) at the November 2001 session, after preliminary review by the Programme Committee, this PAIA is not addressed below.

24. The substance under each PAIA was fully articulated in the Medium Term Plan, with description of the rationale and scope for enhanced inter-disciplinary work, the appropriate supervisory mechanism and the relevant programme entities or component activities. The following succinct narratives do not purport to repeat this extensive descriptive material, but aim at highlighting main expected achievements in the 2002-2003 biennium.

25. All concerned units have sought to identify the resources earmarked for the implementation of the above PAIAs under technical programmes in the 2002-2003 biennium. The resulting picture is given in the following table.

Distribution of Resources Allocated to PAIAs under Substantive Programmes (2002-2003)

26. It may be noted that provision has been made at central level (entity 210S5) for limited catalytic resources to be made available to the respective coordination mechanisms and Chairpersons depending on requirements, and on which some of the following planned achievements may depend. Some may also be subject to the availability of extra-budgetary support.

Overview of Planned Achievements in 2002-2003

27. Local Institution Building to Improve Capacity for Achieving Sustainable Rural Livelihoods

28. During the biennium, the pertinent coordination mechanism will ensure that a sequential set of activities is carried out by all concerned technical units, so as to assist Member Nations in building local capacities related to sustainable rural livelihoods. National Thematic Groups affiliated to the Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC) Network on Rural Development and Food Security will also be instrumental in this regard. Expected achievements will include:

1. Normative materials translating lessons learnt into practical guidelines on important areas such as: alternative crops and cultivars; household livestock production; provision of commercial, marketing, and mechanisation services; agribusiness development; small-scale integrated rural aquaculture; appropriate utilisation of forest resources and products; enhanced role of youth workers; improved extension, education and communication services; government assisted agrarian reform; land regularisation and common property resources policies and instruments; decentralisation of rural institutions;
2. Harmonisation of technical documentation on a rich variety of subjects of direct relevance to rural livelihoods; and
3. Information dissemination activities through the World Agricultural Information Centre (WAICENT) tools and knowledge databases, including the virtual library and library information services.

29. Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness and Post-Emergency Relief and Rehabilitation

30. The Emergency Coordination Group (ECG) will aim at consolidating inter-disciplinary responses to emergencies. The major achievements of a cross-sectoral nature regarding emergency preparedness and coherent reaction to demands for humanitarian assistance are foreseen to include:

1. Technical guidelines for use by Headquarters and field officers, and in countries, on: assessment and practical interventions to mitigate the impact of natural disasters on affected populations; and food and agriculture recovery measures and promotion of food security following emergencies;
2. Increased participation of technical officers in the formulation of disaster preparedness programmes at country level and in multi-disciplinary missions mounted by the Special Relief Operations Service (TCOR), as well as in project backstopping;
3. Joint training programmes for technical officers in the Regional and Sub-regional Offices to enable them to fully participate in impact and needs assessment missions; and
4. Joint tools such as: a database on the typology of disasters affecting the food and agriculture sector and expanded monitoring and information systems on agriculture recovery, food security and nutrition.

31. Biosecurity for Agriculture and Food Production

32. Expected achievements include:

1. Consultation on Biosecurity in Food and Agriculture (including Fisheries and Forestry) subject to extra-budgetary support;
2. Development of an international biosecurity information exchange mechanism;
3. FAO website on biosecurity with links to other relevant sites within and outside FAO;
4. Manuals and guidelines for the application of risk analysis principles;
5. Brochure on FAO activities in biosecurity; and
6. Coordinated support to technical assistance.

33. WTO Multi-lateral Trade Negotiations on Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry

34. This PAIA is expected to improve the capacity of technical divisions to assist Members, particularly developing and transition countries, in participating effectively in multilateral trade negotiations (MTN) on agriculture, as well as in global trade in food, agricultural, fishery and forestry products.

35. It is focused, therefore, on capacity-building for trade, and involves normative and operational field activities. The main planned achievements of a cross-sectoral nature include:

1. Supportive information and databases;
2. Analysis of options and opportunities across sectors, coupled with policy dialogue and expert consultations; and
3. Supply-side capacity-building.

36. Climate Change Issues in Agriculture

37. By the end of 2003, FAO is expected to have expanded its expertise in this complex area and to play a substantial role in the international climate scene. Although it is unknown when and in which form the Kyoto Protocol will be ratified, the areas where FAO will be most active are:

1. Carbon sequestration in biomass and soils, including assistance to countries in the implementation of projects and new techniques (such as conservation agriculture);
2. Interactions of forestry and climate change;
3. Substitution of fossil fuels through bioenergy;
4. Support to national policies to implement the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) in the agricultural sector, including reduction of emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides;
5. Collection of agricultural and forestry data relevant for the FCCC process; and
6. Ensuring that concerns of the agricultural community are given due consideration in decisions, through close partnerships with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the FCCC, as well as high-level participation in Conferences of Parties.

38. Organic Agriculture

39. Expected achievements include:

1. Ensuring convergence of all disciplinary inputs for effective policy advisory services to countries and development of technical decision-support tools for productive and efficient organic farming systems;
2. Studies, technical assistance and policy advice relating to production and trade of certified organic agriculture products;
3. Information dissemination systems and networking arrangements for production, conservation, processing, labelling and marketing of organic produce;
4. Workshops and studies that integrate agronomic, environmental, economic and social criteria and indicators for assessing the contribution of organic agriculture to food security, income and employment generation and sustainability; and
5. Publications on key issues of importance to organic agriculture and further development of information services on organic agriculture within the corporate FAO website.

40. Food for the Cities

41. Expected achievements include:

1. Sensitisation and training on strategy, policy and programme formulation aimed at city and local authorities facing the problems and requirements of supplying food to rapidly expanding populations (addressing a wide range of issues such as urban and peri-urban agriculture, assembling, handling, processing, transport, credit, information, marketing and distribution, as well as food security, nutrition and environmental aspects);
2. Technical guidelines to foster environmentally-sustainable urban and peri-urban agricultural systems; and
3. Study and development of sustainable irrigation practices in peri-urban areas, including safe use of waste water, as well as improved food safety regimes for food and animal products.

42. Integrated Production Systems (SARD/SPFS)

43. Expected achievements include:

1. Technical document and advocacy paper on sustainable intensification of production systems for the Rio+10 Conference (post-United Nations Conference on Environment and Development - UNCED);
2. Comprehensive knowledge base on integrated production systems available through the FAO website and on CD-ROM, including success stories to support the previous Rio+10 activity;
3. Technical report on conservation agriculture methods and practices, coupled with an awareness document for decision-makers on its potential benefits and the necessary policy measures required in the transition from conventional agriculture to conservation agriculture;
4. Formulation of a project proposal for the introduction of conservation agriculture techniques in an appropriate agro-ecological zone;
5. Expert consultation on aquaculture in farming systems for West Africa;
6. Improved knowledge base and technologies for intensive forage production, conservation and utilisation;
7. Policy and technical guidelines on livestock and the environment, including area-wide integration;
8. Comparative study on intensification patterns, dynamics and efficiency, in selected major farming systems, with reference to farm resource management, household food security, profitability, sustainability and replicability;
9. Field guide to support the economic evaluation of promising production intensification techniques;
10. Dissemination of information on the economics of intensified production systems;
11. Publications on management tools for agribusiness; and
12. Subject to availability of sufficient resources, regional pilot projects with initial case studies and reports. N.B. currently defined pilot projects concern integrated crop management practices for sustainable intensification of rice-wheat systems in Asia; oncho-freed ecosystems in West Africa; integrated production systems in arid and semi-arid areas of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and Southern African Development Community (SADC); arid and semi-arid areas of the Near East; and watershed management and participatory natural resource management in Latin America and Caribbean.

44. Biotechnology Applications in Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry

45. This PAIA links up to a vast number of sectoral outputs, involving the pertinent technical divisions, the Legal Office and the World Agricultural Information Centre (WAICENT). However, the major achievement of a cross-sectoral nature are foreseen to include:

1. An enhanced website on biotechnology, with inter alia a discussion forum on cross-sectoral issues and dissemination of information on assessments of developments in biotechnology and their impact;
2. Coordinated policy advice and guidelines to Members on agricultural biotechnology applications; and
3. Establishment of a comprehensive database on biotechnology.

46. These activities should in particular facilitate the Secretariat's active engagement in the debates on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) through science-based contributions, enable FAO to keep abreast of current scientific developments, and develop an inventory of new plant varieties, animal breeds, products and techniques derived through modern biotechnology.

47. Integrated Management of Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture

48. Through this PAIA, FAO will bring to bear its multi-disciplinary expertise to the implementation of several international agreements of relevance to food and agriculture, particularly the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in the area of biological diversity for food and agriculture at ecosystem level in complement to, and integrating, genetic resources. This PAIA will more specifically contribute to the establishment of an international coordinated position on biological diversity for food and agriculture. Major achievements are expected to include:

1. Promotion of ecosystem approaches for sustainable management of production systems, i.e. by examining the inter-relationship between socio-economic and biophysical factors and biological diversity to resolve inter-sectorial problems, also through case studies and development of practical tools and methodologies;
2. Implementation of joint programmes with a range of partner organizations to promote the sustainable use and the conservation of biological diversity in ecosystems, also assisting countries in meeting their obligations under international instruments, strategies and agreements; and
3. Improved awareness of the importance and value of biological diversity for food and agriculture, among all stakeholders including policy-makers, consumers and the public, through inter alia specific awareness documents, tailored materials for different fora (i.e. video, articles, etc., participation in regional and international fora and events and support to networks).

49. Strengthening Capacity for Integrated Ecosystem Management

50. Bearing in mind the requirements for development of drylands and mountains, but also of other ecosystems, joint work is expected to focus on:

1. Better understanding of the concept of ecosystem management (through review of existing practices, identification of success stories and lessons learnt, etc.);
2. Distillation of guidance on best practices, particularly those with direct impact on food security; and
3. Strengthening of in-house capacity to provide consistent advisory services and training to Members, in cooperation with partner institutions active on integrated ecosystem management aspects.

51. Definitions, Norms, Methodologies and Quality of Information

52. Expected achievements include:

1. Updated procedures to document and ensure the quality of statistical data regarding agricultural production, trade, food balance sheets (FBS), inputs, forestry and fisheries products, farm data and land and water indicators;
2. Further standardisation of terms, definitions and categorisation schemes regarding land use, plant production and protection, livestock, forestry and fisheries information as well as human nutrition aspects, establishing appropriate linkages among them;
3. Contribution to uniform standards and methodologies in the preparation of FAO's global assessment reports, especially regarding the status of animal genetic resources and the state of forest resources; and
4. Standards and norms regarding country-specific information to facilitate data dissemination and integration on a country basis, and standard data models to describe information resources such as experts, institutions, species and maps to assist in data exchange within and outside the Organization.

53. Spatial Information Management and Decision Support Tools

54. Expected achievements include:

1. Further development of spatial data standards and norms, under the leadership of the Geographical Information System (GIS) central unit in the Research, Extension and Training Division (SDR), with links to the previous PAIA, leading to a manual and a set of guidelines related to GIS use;
2. Effective "spatial networking" across units, also under the leadership of SDR, including "GeoNetworking" for FAO's Intranet and Internet accessibility of spatial data and information, including vector data (maps), raster data (remote sensing images), meta-databases and geo-referenced non-spatial information, and maintenance of related website;
3. Development of a meta-database and a corporate gateway on spatial products, under the joint leadership of SDR and GI/WAICENT; and
4. Integration of various thematic maps and filling of spatial data gaps.

55. Global Perspective Studies

56. Joint work under this PAIA is to improve coherence in analytical methods and databases used in global perspective studies. Expected achievements include:

1. Completion of a full technical report on "Agriculture Towards 2015/30", and preparation and publication of a companion, shorter and more popular document under the same title;
2. Regional perspective studies for the livestock sector for Latin America, Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa;
3. Regional perspective studies for the forestry sector for Africa (2002), Latin America and the Caribbean (2003), and one for Europe in the following biennium;
4. Perspectives for fish consumption, supply and trade by major geographical region, including supplies from both aquaculture and capture fisheries;
5. New and improved estimates of the prevalence of undernourishment;
6. A new analytical framework for undertaking food and agriculture projections and scenario analysis for the crop and livestock sectors;
7. Improvements in the land and water (irrigation) databases;
8. A study on the efficiency of water and fertiliser use; and
9. Implementation of a Country Profiles System to provide access to FAO country information in support of regional studies.

57. Ethics in Food and Agriculture

58. Besides sectoral outputs, such as meetings, publications and other activities that are directly related to ethical issues, expected achievements as the result of joint efforts include:

1. Two publications in an FAO Ethics Series;
2. One meeting of the Panel of Eminent Experts on Ethics in Food and Agriculture; and
3. Close relations with other intergovernmental and UN bodies, in particular the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) on matters of common interest.