EVIDENCE

1. Annotated Bibliography

2. Abridged table of data from literature (Table I)

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

References and accompanying notes are arranged by countries within major geographical regions:-

EUROPE

Austria

Stracker, O.A. (1964). Die gegenwärtigen Körpermasse der Kinder und Jugendlichen. Wiener Medizinisohe Wochenschrift, 144, 816–818.

Cross-sectional study, 1962, of 0.25–16 year olds in Vienna. Total of 30,000 studied.

Wurst, F., Wassertheurer, H. & Kimeswenger, K. (1961). Entwicklung und Umwelt des Landeskindes. Osterreicheschen Bundesverlag,

Cross-sectional study, 1949–50, of 6–14 year olds in Kärnten. Rural community - mainly from farms, villages and market towns, but 10% cities and 6.4% industrial towns. Many at high altitudes. 63 boys and 167 girls per age group.

Belgium

Denys, P., Dubois, R., Hooft, C., Lambrechts & van Espen, J. (1962). La croissance de l'enfant normal jusque trois ans. Acta Paediatrica Belgica. 16(1), 5–23.

Longitudinal study, 1954–8, of 0–3 year olds in St. Gilles-les-Bruxelles. Urban areas. Mixed socio-economic status, primarily average. 83–114 per age/sex group.

Franckx, door H. (1969). Lengte en gewicht bij scholieren uit het Kortrijkse. Archives Belges de Médecine Sociale Hygiene, Médecine du Travail & Médecine Légal, 27, 109–114.

Cross-sectional study of boys and girls aged 4–18 years. Urban area. Average socio-economic status. Study took place 1967–8. 347–896 per age/sex group.

Graffar, M., Asiel, M. & Emery-Hauzeur, C. (1960). La croissance de l'enfant normal de la naissance à un an. Acta Paediatrica Belgica, 14, 303–318.

Longitudinal study of 0–1 year olds in Brussels. All social classes.

Graffar, M., Asiel, M. & Emery-Hauzeur, C. (1961). La taille et le périmetre céphalique pendant la première année de la vie. Acta Paediatrica Belgica, 15, 61–74.

Longitudinal study of 0–1 year olds in Brussels. All social classes.

Twisselmann, F. (1969). Développement biometrique de l'enfant à l'adulte. Presses Universitaires de Bruxelles, Brussels.

Cross-sectional study, 1960–1, of 3–25 year olds in Brussels. Considered representative sample. 200–500 per age/sex group.

Bulgaria

Kadanof, D. & Mutafov, S. (1968). Wachstumstempo und körperliche Entwicklung der bulgarischen Kinder und Jugendlichen in Alter von 11 bis 18 Jahren. Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 21, 1133–1136.

Cross-sectional study, 1963, of 11–18 year olds in Sofia. About 400 per age/sex group.

Kadanof, D. & Mutafov, S. (1969). Uber das Wachstumpstempo und die Körperliche Entwicklung von Kindern und Jugendlichen von 3 bis 18 Jahren. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie, 61, 258–271.

Cross-sectional study, 1963, of 3–18 year olds in Sofia. About 400 per age/sex group.

Yanev, B., Šterev, P., Boer, P., Semerdjieva, R. & Sepetliev, D. (eds.) (1965). Physical development and fitness of the Bulgarian people from the birth up to the age of twenty-six. Bulgarian Academy of Science Press, Sofia. (In Bulgarian with English summary.)

Cross-sectional national study of 0.02–26 year olds in Bulgaria. 150–200 per age/sex group. Randomly chosen from villages, towns and Sofia.

Czechoslovakia

Kapaliń, V., Kotasková, J. & Prokopec, M. (1969). Telesný a Duševní Výyoj Současné Generace Našich Dětí. Academia Praha, Prague.

Longitudinal study, 1956-, of 0.02–6 year olds in Prague. 21–111 boys and 30–118 girls per age group.

Pařízková, J. (1969). Relative changes of selected anthropometric characteristics of growth in boys from 11 to 18 years. Anthropological Congress dedicated to Ales Hrdlička, 30th August-5th Sept. 1969, Praha, Humpolec.

Longitudinal study, 1961–8, of 146 boys from the age of 11–18 years. Urban community. Middle and lower middle class subjects.

Prokopec, M. (1964). Studies of child growth in Czechoslovakia. Indian Pediatrics, 1(3), 100–111.

Cross-sectional, state wide study in 1961 in Czechoslovakia. Girls and boys aged 0–18 years (data only given from age 7). Mixed socio-economic status. Urban/rural populations.

Prokopec, M., Suchý, J. & Titlbachová, S. (1973). Results of the third whole-state investigation of the youth in 1971 (Czech countries). československa Pediatrie, 28, 341-6. (In Czech with English summary.)

Cross-sectional study, 1971, of 0–18 year olds. National study. 1702–3150 boys and 1737–3167 girls per age group.

Prokopec, M., Lipkova, V., Zlamaloua, H. & Titlachova, S. (1978). A comparison of growth values in Czech and Slovak children and youths aged 3–18 years, according to National Anthropometrical Research project of 1971. československa Pediatrie, 33(4), 223–228.

National, cross-sectional study of 3–18 year old boys and girls in Czechoslovakia in 1971. Average socio-economic status. Rural and urban communities.

Suchy, J. (1972). Trend of physical development of Czech youth in the 20th century. Review of Czechoslovak Medicine, 18, 18–22.

National study in 1968–70 of 7–18 year olds. Cross-sectional (semi-longitudinal) study. Urban and rural communities. Mixed socio-economic status. 303–3746 per age/sex group.

Denmark

Andersen, E. (1968). Skeletal maturation of Danish schoolchildren in relation to height, sexual development and social conditions. Universitatsforlaget, Aarhus.

Cross-sectional study of 7–18 year olds in Copenhagen. About 40 per age/sex group. Mixed socio-economic status.

Estonia SSR

Aul, J. (1970). Eesti Kooliõpilaste füüsilise arengu probleemidest. Eesti Loodus, 8, 463–468.

Cross-sectional national study, 1958–68. About 1400 per age/ sex group.

Finland

Backström-Järvinen, L. (1964). Heights and weights of Finnish children and young adults. Annals of Paediatrics, Supplement 23, 116 pp.

Cross-sectional study, 1959–60, of 0–18 year olds in Helsinki. 30–96 boys and 37–88 girls per age group from 0–6 years; 130–742 boys and 141–740 girls per age group from 7–18 years. Representative of all sections of city.

Backström-Järvinen, L. & Kantero, R. (1970). Cross-sectional studies of height and weight in Finnish children aged from birth to 20 years. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, Supplement 220, 9–12.

Cross-sectional study, 1968-9, of Scandinavians in Helsinki aged 0-20 years. Urban community. More rural than urban children in the 2–6 year age group due to collection of data for a similar study. Mixed socio-economic group. 58–1025 per age/sex group.

Lewin, T., Jurgens, H.W. & Louekari, L. (1970). Secular trend in stature of adult Skolt Lapps between 1915, 1934 and 1968. Studies of stature changes on population and family levels of a genetic isolate. Anthropologia Arctica, 7, 53–62.

Cross-sectional studies, 1967 in Pasvik and 1968 in Suenjel, of adult males and females aged 20–49 years. Skolt Lapps. Rural study. Average socio-economic status. Only height data given. About 30 per sex group per study.

Takkunen, R.L. (1962). Anthropometric studies on Finnish children. Annales Paediatriae Fenniae, 8, Supplement No. 19.

Cross-sectional national study of 0–15 year olds. Rural communities. 22–175 boys and 37–177 girls per age group.

France

Sempé, M. (1964). Surveillance de la croissance de l'enfant. La Concours Médical, Supplement No. 43.

National, cross-sectional study of 5.5–14.5 year olds in 1955.

Sempé, M., Tutin, G. & Masse, N.P. (1964). La croissance de l'enfant de 0 à 7 ans. (Mesures practiques sur des enfants de la region parisienne de 1953 à 1962). Archives Françaises de Pédiatrie, 21, 111–134.

Longitudinal study from 1953 in Paris of boys and girls aged 0–7 years. Urban community. Average socio-economic status. 72–197 per age/sex group.

Sempé, P., Sempé, M. & Pédron, G. (1971). Croissance et maturation osseuse. Théraplix, Paris.

Longitudinal study, 1953–71, of 0–17 year olds in Paris. Lower-middle and working class. 73–182 boys and 81–165 girls per age group.

Germany

Danker, H., Gilbert, K. & Tsiakalos, G. (1980). Untersuchungen Zur Bevölkerungsbiologie Narddeutschlands. 1. Vergleichende Wachstumsuntersuchungen an Schulkindern aus dem Raum Bederkesa (Nordniedersachsen). Anthropometriche Anzeiger, 37(4). 229–244.

Cross-sectional study of 989 (495 boys, 494 girls) between 5 and 13 years of age, living in the area of Bederkesa, Germany. 24–96 per age/sex group.

Grimm, H. (1966). Die ersten 3500 Messungen der Hautfaltendicke in Bevölkerungsgruppen aus der DDR. Biologica Rundschau, 4, 160–162.

Cross-sectional study of 7–18 year olds in Berlin and Karl-Marx Stadt. 38–139 per age/sex group.

Hagen, N. (1966). Growth and development of schoolchildren. Report on longitudinal studies in Germany. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 91, 1490–1497.

Cross-sectional study, 1945–6, in Bonn, Germany, of 6–16 year old children. About 1000 per age/sex group. Urban habitat. Middle-class.

Hagen, W. (1967). Das Wachstrum in der Reifeperiode. Der Internist, 8, 282–291.

Longitudinal, representative sample of 6 cities, 1952–68. 7–16 year olds. About 1000 per age/sex group.

Hamburg, City of (1962). Die Schulkinder-Messung und-Wägung in Mai/Juni Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg Gesundheitsbehorde, Medizinalstatistik. (Mimeograph.)

Cross-sectional study, 1960, of 6–18.5 year old schoolchildren in Hamburg. About 1000 per age/sex group.

Hoffman, W., Patzer, H., Eulitz, R., Leib, H.H., Weischet, G., John, E., Bernt, S. & Rentsch, U. (1977). Anthropomernsche Untersudungen an gesunden Kleinkindern einer Gross stadt. Arztliche Jugendkunde, 68, 147–152.

Cross-sectional study of a large urban community in Germany. Mixed socio-economic status. Study took place 1973/4. Boys and girls aged 1–3.5 years. Total of 1500 studied. Only height data given.

Jürgens, H.W. (1962). Beiträge Zur Anthropometrie des kleinkindes. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie, 52, 256–266.

Cross-sectional study in Kiel, W. Germany, of 837 children of both sexes aged 2 to 6 years. Only height data given. 12–193 per age/sex group.

Maaser, R. Stolley, H. & Droese, W. (1972). Die Hautfettfalten-messung mit dem Caliper. 11. Standardwerte der subcutanen Fettwebsdicke 2–14 jähriger gesunder Kinder. Monatsschrift für Kinderheilkunde, 120, 350–353.

Cross-sectional study, 1970–1, of 2–14 year olds in Dortmund. 34–297 boys and 31–269 girls per age group.

Oehmisch, W. (1970). Die Entwicklung der Körpermasse bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik. Deutscher Akademie für Artzliche Fortbildung, Berlin.

Representative cross-sectional national study of 4–18 year olds, 1967–8. About 500 per age/sex group.

Reinken, L., Stolley, H., Droese, W. & Van Oost, G. (1979). Longitudinale Entwicklung von Körpergewicht, Körperlänge, Hautfettfaltendicke, Kopf-, Brust- und Bauchumfang bei gesunder Kindern. Klin. Pädiat., 191, 556–565.

Longitudinal study, 1974-7, in Dortmund, Germany. 173 boys and girls aged 0–13 months. Urban habitat. 7% elite, 74% middle-class, 18% poor - mainly middle-class. 10–88 per age/sex group.

Reinken, L., Stolly, H., Droese, W. & Van Oost, G. (1980). Longitudinale Körperentuick lung gesunder Kinder. Klin. Pädiat., 192, 25–33.

Longitudinal study, 1968-78, of boys and girls aged 1.5–16 years in Dortmund, Germany. Urban habitat. Average socio-economic status. 10–303 per age/sex group.

Spranger, J.A., Ochsenfarth, H.P., Kock, H.P. & Henke, J. (1968). Anthropometrische Normdaten in Kindesalter. Kinderheilkunde, 103, 1–12.

Cross-sectional study, 1966, of 0–14 year old boys and girls in Kiel and Hamburg. Urban communities. Mixed socio-economic class. Only height data given. 10–50 boys and 15–53 girls per age group.

Greece

Valaoras, V. & Laros, K. (1969). Biometric characteristics of Greek pupils in elementary schools. IATRIKI, 15, 266–276. (In Greek with English summary).

Cross-sectional studies of urban and rural 5–13 year old schoolchildren from 1963-6. About 250 per age/sex group per study.

Hungary

Eiben, O.G., Hegediis, G., Bánhegyi, Kis, K., M. & Tasnády, I. (1971). Growth and development of Budapest kindergarten and schoolchildren. Tempo, Budapest. (In Magyar with English summary.)

Cross-sectional study of 3–18 year old schoolchildren in Budapest, 1968–9. About 200 per age/sex group.

Farkas, G.Y. (1961). Szegedi 6–18 Éves Fiúk és Leányak Fóbb Testméretei (Wichtigere Körpermasse 6 bis 18 jähriger Knaben und Mädchen in der Stadt Szeged). Különlenynomat Antropológai Kozlemények, 4, 103–135.

Cross-sectional study of 3–18 year olds in Szeged, 1958-9. About 80 per age/sex group.

Farkas, G.Y. (1966). Die Anderung der wichtigsten Körpermasse der Kinder von Szeged (Südungarn) Zwischen dem 3 und 18 lebensjahre. Acta Biologica, (Szeged), 12, 1–2.

Cross-sectional study of 3–18 year olds in Szeged, 1958–9. 2381 boys and 2314 girls. Urban habitat. Middle-class. About 80 per age/sex group.

Till, G. & Gyenis, G.Y. (1977). The physique of students of the Technical University, Budapest (Growth & Development: Physique). Symp. Biology Hung., 20, 63–71.

Cross-sectional study at Budapest University in Hungary, 1974/5, of 726 boys aged 20 and 196 girls aged 19. All socio-economic classes represented by father's occupation. Urban habitat, though some born in rural communities.

Italy

Angelico, F., Cetorelli, L., Galante, A. & Pennetti, V. (1976). Anthropometric-nutritional survey of a sample of the over 65 year old population of the valley of Aosta. Nutrition Reports International, 13(5), 501–508.

Study of male and female Valdostan subjects from 65 years of age upwards, all from the Valley of Aosta in Italy. Cross-sectional study, 1972. Rural habitat. Average socio-economic status. 10–60 per age/sex group.

Correnti, V. (1961). Le valutazione dell'accrescimento nei primi quattro anni di vita con il metodo degli auxogramnu. Archivio Italiano di Pediatria e Puericoltura, 22, 167–182.

Longitudinal study of 0–4 year olds in Rome. 1593 boys and 1562 girls studied.

Dattali, A. (1965). Standards della statina e del peso dai 4 ai 12 anni in bambini del gruppo etnico italiano di Balzano. Rivista Italiana de Medicina e Lgiene Della Scuata, 2, 111–126.

Study of 2739 boys and 2683 girls aged 4–12 years in Balzano, Italy. Urban habitat. Mixed socio-economic status.

Pelissero, G. & Marchetti, R. (1980). Distribuzione di alcuni parametri anthropometrici in un gruppo di ragazzi dell'Italia settentrionale. Acta. Med. Auxol., 10, 201–207.

Cross-sectional study of boys and girls aged 6–14 years from the Tuscany region of Northern Italy. Average socio-economic status. Rural and urban habitats. Study took place 1976. 1200 children studied, about 40 per age/sex group.

Pinna, P. (1961). Rilievi anthropometrici nei bambini di Sassari fra un mese e dodici anni. Annali Italiani di Pediatria, 14, 30–53.

Cross-sectional study of 0–12 year olds in Sardinia. 548 boys and 571 girls studied.

Tatafiore, E. (1970). Aggiornamento dei dati medi napoletani di peso e statura. Infanxia, 20, 17–32.

Longitudinal study, 1963 and 1970, of 0–20 year olds in Naples.

Toni, E. de, Aicardi, G. & Castellano, A.S. (1965). Variazioni dell'accrescimento somatico nelle femmine dell'Italia settentrionale durante dodici anni. Minerva Pediatrica, 17, 1341–1345.

Cross-sectional study of 11–18 year olds in Genoa. About 300 boys and 250 girls per age group.

Toni, E. de, Rovetta, D.G. & Aicardi, G. (1966). Variaxioni dell' accrescimento somatico nei maschi dell'Italia settentrionale durante 15 anni. Minerva Pediatrica, 18, 2153–2158.

Cross-sectional study of boys and girls in Genoa. About 300 boys and 250 girls per age group.

Vizzoni, L. & Barghini, G. (1969). Accrescimento staturo-ponderale nel commune di Carrara. Minerva Pediatrica, 21, 1937–1942.

Cross-sectional study, 1966–8, of 3–18 year olds in Carrara. About 400 per age/sex group.

Netherlands

Hautvast, J. (1971). Growth in stature and head and face measurements in Dutch children aged 7–14 years. Human Biology, 43(3), 340–343.

Longitudinal study, 1961–4, of Dutch primary school children aged 7–14 years. Mixed socio-economic groups in Nijmegen. Urban population. Only height data given. 32–105 per age/sex group.

Prahl-Andersen, B., Kowalski, C.J. & Heydendael, P. (1979). A mixed longitudinal interdisciplinary study of growth and development.

Mixed longitudinal study of Dutch boys and girls in Nymegen aged 4–14 years. Study took place 1971–6. Varied (average) socio-economic status. 34–174 per age/sex group.

Venrooij-Ysselmuiden, M.E. van & Ipenburg, A. van (1978). Mixed longitudinal data on skeletal age from a group of Dutch children living in Utrecht and surroundings. Annals of Human Biology, 5(4), 359–380.

Semi-longitudinal study, 1970–2, of boys and girls aged 8–17 years within 15km. of Utrecht. Urban community. Mixed socio-economic status. 32–193 per age/sex group.

Wieringen, J.C. van, Wafelbakker, F., Verbrugge, H.P. & de Haas, J.H. (1971). Growth diagrams 1965, Netherlands. Walters-Noordhoff Publishing, Groningen.

Cross-sectional study, 1964–6, of 0–24 year olds. National study. About 1000 per age/sex group.

Norway

Brundtland, G.H., Liestøl, K. & Walløe, L. (1975). Height and weight of schoolchildren and adolescent girls and boys in Oslo 1970. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 64, 565–573.

Urban study, 1970, of Scandinavian children in Oslo, Norway aged 7–19 years. Mixed socio-economic status. 209–1176 per age/sex group.

Brundtland, G.H., Leistøl, K. & Walløe, L. (1980). Height, weight and menarcheal age of Oslo schoolchildren during the last 60 years. Annals of Human Biology, 7(4), 307–322.

Cross-sectional study of children from Oslo, Norway aged 8–14 years - data from total population, 15–18 years - high school pupils and 20 years - Military conscripts (males). Most recent data given - 1975. Urban population. Norwegians. Average (mixed) socio-economic status. All Oslo school and high school children measured.

Iversen, I. (1962). Beretning fra avdeling for skollelegevesen for skoleáret 1959–60. In Beretning fra Oslo helserad for áret 1960, pp. 128–134. J. Chr. Gundersen, Oslo.

Cross-sectional study, 1959–60, of 7–18 year old boys and girls in Oslo. 60,000 studied.

Sundal, A. (1957). The norms for height (length) and weight in healthy Norwegian children from birth to 15 years of age. Medisinsk rekke No. 1. University of Bergen Arbok.

Cross-sectional study of 0–16 year olds in Bergen, 1956. 30–1030 per age/sex group. Representative sample.

Poland

Charzewska, J. (1973). Normal values of body height and weight in Warsaw children. Raczniki Państwowego Zakladu Higieny, 24, 617–625.

Cross-sectional study, 1971, of 10–18 year olds in Warsaw, Poland. 1518 boys and 1657 girls. Urban habitat. 125– 297 per age/sex group.

Chrząstek-Spruch, H. (1968). Longitudinal study on the physical development in Lublin infants. Prace i Materialy Naukowe IMD, 11, 65–104.

Longitudinal study of 0–1 year olds in Lublin, 1967. Urban community. Average socio-economic status. 150 boys and 140 girls per age group.

Gorny, S. (1955–6). Materialy I Prace Antropologiczne Nr. 84. Anthropometric survey of Poland Part 1 Measurements of adults.

Cross-sectional study of adult men and women in Poland. 9,557 men and 9,649 women from urban areas; 4,165 men and 4,394 women from rural areas.

Kopczynski, J. (1972). Height and weight of an adult Cracow population I & II. Epidemiological Review XXVI, 2, 251–387.

Cross-sectional study, 1968, in Cracow. Men and women aged 19–80 years. 1702 women and 1357 men were measured. Urban and rural. Different socio-economic classes. Only height data given. 57–242 per age/sex group.

Kriesel, G. (1977). Interrelationships between some somatic characteristics and hand strength of 14–18 year old boys and girls. Growth and Development: Physique, 20, 291–297.

Cross-sectional study, 1961–3, of 14–18 year old boys and girls - Pommeranian and Kujawy youths in Poland. 1320 girls and 1820 boys. Average socio-economic status. Urban and rural. 38–254 per age/sex group.

Kurnjewicz-Witczakowa, R., Mięsowicz, I., Mazurczak, T. & Jarmolińska-Eska, H. (1972). Indices of somatic development of Warsaw children aged from 0 to 36 months. Problemy Medycyny Wieku Rozwojowego, 2/13, 45–61. (In Polish with English summary).

Cross-sectional study, 1969–71, of 0–7 year olds in Warsaw. 30–70 per age/sex group.

Kurnjewicz-Wiczakowa, R., Mięsowicz, I. & Mazurczak, T. (1974). Evaluation of certain features of somatic development of Warsaw children aged up to 6.5 years using centile grades and tables. Pediatria Polska, 49, 427–437. (In Polish).

Cross-sectional study, 1969–71, or 0–7 year olds in Warsaw. 30–70 per age/sex group.

Laska-Mierzejewska, T. (1970). Effect of ecological and socio-economic factors on the age at menarche, body height and weight of rural girls in Poland. Human Biology, 42(2), 284–292.

Cross-sectional study, 1966–8, of Polish girls aged 11.5–18.5 years. Rural communities. Average socio-economic status. Agricultural, farm-worker and non-agricultural groups studied. Varied districts studied. 29–521 per age/occupational group.

Lasota, A. (1974). Development of morphological traits in children at the age of 0–3 years. Studies in Human Ecology, 2.

Study, 1970, of 0–3 year old boys and girls in Poland. High socio-economic status in urban sample, low socio-economic status in rural sample. 15–193 per age/sex group.

Panek, S. & Piasecki, E. (1971). Nowa Huta: integration of the population in the light of anthropological data. Materialy i Prace Antropologiczne, 80, 1–249.

Cross-sectional study, 1960, of 4–18 year olds in villages in Ostroleka and Suwalki. 30–160 per age/sex group.

Welon, Z. & Bielicki, T. (1971). Further investigations of parent-child similarity in stature, as assessed from longitudinal data. Human Biology, 43, 517–525.

Longitudinal study, 1961 onwards, of 8–18 year olds in Wroclaw. 237 boys and 259 girls per age group.

Wolański, N. & Lasota, A. (1964). Physical development of country-side children and youth aged 2 to 20 years as compared with the development of town youth of the same age. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie, 54, 272–292.

Cross-sectional study, 1960, of 4–18 year olds in villages in Ostroleka and Suwalki. 30–160 per age/sex group.

Rumania

Cristesçu, M. (1969). Aspecte ale cresterii si dezvoltării adolescentilor din Republica Socialistă Romania. Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest.

Cross-sectional study, 1963–6, of 11–16 year olds in Rumania. Urban and rural national study. 90+ per age/sex/habitat group.

Spain

Ferrer, B. Sarría, A., Martinez, C. & Blasco, M. (1973). I Inspección medico escolar del estado - Zaragoza. Parametros antropometricos de una poblacion escolar urbana. Paper presented at Proceedings of the VIII jornadas pediatricos internacionales de Sevilla, 1973.

Cross-sectional study, 1972, of 4–14 year olds in Zaragoza. 30–69 boys and 21–77 girls per age group.

Garcia Almansa, A., Fernańdez, M.D. & Palacios Mateos, J.M. (1969). Patrones de crecimiento de los niños españoles normales. Revista Clinica Española, 113, 45–48.

Cross-sectional study, 1968, of 4–14 year olds in Madrid. 100 per age/sex group. Well-off. Urban habitat.

Palacios, J. Mateos, Garcia, A.A., Vivanco, F., Fernández, M.D., Robles, R. Garcia & Esteban, B. Moreno (1970). El crecimiento de los niños españoles desde el nacimiento hasta los cinco años. Revista Clinica Española, 118, 419–424.

Cross-sectional study, after 1968, of 0–5 year olds in Spanish villages. 388–880 boys and 400–857 girls per age group.

Palacios, J. Mateos & Vivanco, F. (1965). Datos de talla y peso de 128000 niños españoles. Revista Clinica Española, 99, 230–238.

Cross-sectional study, 1963–4, of 4–14 year olds. National study. 64,896 boys, 63,421 girls. Lower socio-economic groups. 136 villages, towns and cities randomly chosen.

Sweden

Karlberg, P., Engstrom, J., Lichtenstein, H. & Svennberg, I. (1968). The development of children in a Swedish urban community: a prospective longitudinal study. III. Physical growth during the first three years of life. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, Supplement 187, 48–66.

Longitudinal study, 1955-60, of 0–3 year olds in Stockholm. Urban community. All socio-economic classes. 122 boys and 90 girls per age group.

Karlberg, P., Taranger, J., Engstrom, I., Karlberg, J., Landstrom, T., Lichenstein, H., Lindstrom, B. & Svennberg-Redegren, I. (1976). Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, Supplement 258, 7–76.

Longitudinal study, 1955–70s, of 0–16 year old Scandinavians. Urban communities. All socio-economic classes. 68–119 per age/sex group.

Lindgren, G. (1976). Height, weight and menarche in Swedish urban schoolchildren in relation to socio-economic and regional factors. Annals of Human Biology, 3(6), 501–528.

Longitudinal study, 1964–73, of 10–16 year old schoolchildren from 40 different urban areas throughout Sweden. Children grouped by socio-economic status according to father's occupation and income - include employers (mostly university graduates), salaried employees, manual workers. 17–152 per age/sex/class group.

Lindgren, G. (1978). Growth of schoolchildren with early, average and late ages of peak heigh velocity. Annals of Human Biology, 5(3), 253–267.

Longitudinal study, 1964–73, of urban Swedish schoolchildren aged 10–16 years (girls) and 10–18 years (boys). Previously described by Ljung et al, 1974, Annals of Human Biology, 1, 245–256. 131–373 per age/sex group.

Ljung, B., Brucefors, A. & Lindgren, G. (1974). The secular trend in physical growth in Sweden. Annals of Human Biology, 1, 245–256.

Longitudinal study, 1964–71, of 9–16 year olds. Urban community. About 380 boys and 360 girls per age group.

Taranger, J. (1976). The somatic development of children in a Swedish urban community. A prospective longitudinal study. (Other authors/contributors include:- Karlberg, P., Engstrom, I., Lichtenstein, H. & Svennburg-Redegren, I.)

Longitudinal study of 0–16 year old boys and girls. Urban community. Study began 1955. Mixed socio-economic status. Only supine length given for ages 0–7 years. 68–119 per age/sex group.

Switzerland

Department of Pediatrics, University of Zurich, Switzerland (1977). Longitudinal growth study - Zurich. Preliminary anthropometric data.

Cross-sectional, urban study in 1976 of 0–20 year old boys and girls in Zurich. Mixed socio-economic status. 112–161 per age/sex group.

Heierli, E. (1960). Longitudinale Wachstumsstudie, Resultate von Lange, Gewicht und Kopfumfang in den ersten vier Lebensjahr, Switzerland. Helvetica Paediatrica Acta, 15, 311–334.

Longitudinal study, 1954–8, of 400 males and females in Zurich. Urban habitat. Mixed socio-economic class. Ages 0–4 years. 61–195 per age/sex group.

Heimendinger, J. (1958). Die Ergebnisse von Körpermessungen an 5000 Basler Kindern von 0–18 Jahren. Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift, 88, 1–9.

Cross-sectional study, 1956–7, of 0–18 year olds in Basel. About 130 per age/sex group.

Heimendinger, J. (1964). Die Ergebnisse von Korpermessungen an 5000 Basler Kindern von 2–18 Jahren. Helvetica Paediatrica Acta, 19, Supplement 13.

Cross-sectional study, 1956–7, of 2–18 year olds in Basel. About 130 per age/sex group.

Heimedinger, J. (1964). Gemischte longitudinale Messungen von Körpenlange, Gewicht, oberen Segment, Thoraxumfang und Kopfunfang bei 1–24 Monaten alten Säurlangen. Helvetica Paediatrica Acta, 19, 406–436.

Cross-sectional study, 1956–7, of 0–18 year olds in Basel. About 130 per age/sex group.

Turkey; Greece; Italy

Hertzberg, H.T.E. (1963). Anthropometric survey of Turkey, Greece and Italy.

Cross-sectional study, 1960–1, of Turkish, Greek and Italian military personnel - males. 915 men in Turkey, 1084 men in Greece, 1357 men in Italy. Urban and rural. Average socio-economic status.

Turkey

Neyzi, C., Yalcindag, A. & Alp, H. (1973). Heights and weights of Turkish children. Environmental Child Health, 19, 5–13.

Cross-sectional, urban study, 1970, of boys and girls aged 9–17 years in Istanbul primary and secondary schools. 4 socio-economic groups - high, middle, low class I and low class II. 32–70 per age/sex group.

Neyzi, O., Binyildiz, P. & Alp, H. (1978). Reference norms for Turkish children I. Height and weight measurements. Istanbul Jip Fulkultesi Mecmuasi, Cilt 41, Supplementum 74.

Cross-sectional study of 1755 girls and 1851 boys aged 0–18 years. Well-to-do. Probably urban habitat. 9–286 per age/ sex group.

United Kingdom

Haslegrave, C.M. (1980). Anthropometric profile of the British car dirver. Ergonomics, 23(5), 437–467.

Cross-sectional study, begun 1976, of middle-class male and female adults, aged 17–86 years. Rural and urban habitats. 1584 men, 416 women.

Newens, E.M. & Goldstein, H. (1972). Height, weight and the assessment of obesity in children. British Journal of Preventative and Social Medicine, 26, 33–39.

Study of as many children as possible in England, Wales and Scotland, born during the week 3–9 March 1958, between April and December 1965. Weight and height for boys and girls aged 7–7.75 years. Urban/rural (mainly urban) sample. All socio-economic classes.

Rona, R.J. & Altman, D.G. (1977). National study of health and growth: standards of attained height, weight and triceps skinfold in English children, 5–11 years. Annals of Human Biology, 4(6), 501–523.

Cross-sectional study, 1972, of schoolchildren in England (not south-east) and Scotland. About 600 per age group.

Tanner, J.M., Whitehouse, R.H. & Takaishi, M. (1966). Standards from birth to maturity for height, weight, height velocity and weight velocity; British children 1965. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 41, 454–471 and 613–635.

Longitudinal study, 1950–65, of 0–5.5 year olds in London. About 100 per age/sex group. Also cross-sectional study, 1965, of 5.5–18 year olds in London. About 1000 per age/sex group.

Thompson, D., Barden, J.D., Kirk, N.S., Mitchelson, D.L. & Ward, J.S. (1971). Anthropometry of British women. Institute for Consumer Ergonomics.

Cross-sectional, mainly urban, study, 1971–2, of 18–80 year old women. Average socio-economic status. 22–1689 per age group.

Yugoslavia

Buzina, R. (1976). Growth and development of three Yugoslav populations in different ecological settings. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 29, 1051–1059.

Cross-sectional study of children aged 1–18 years. Mixed socio-economic status. Rural/urban communities. 4–241 per age/sex group.

Gavrilović, Z. (1971). The anthropometrical research of the first and second generation of the descendants of people from Lika settled in Vojvodina. Srpsko Biolośko Drustvo, Novi Sad. 80 pp. (In Yugoslav with English summary.)

Cross-sectional study of 7–15 year olds in Lika. Rural district. 51–110 boys and 37–98 girls.

Pisl, Z. Rudan, P., Poduje, M. & Mimica, M. (1980). Some anthropometric characteristics of the population of Croatia aged 22–41 years. Acta Med. lug., 34, 19–28.

Cross-sectional study of 22–41 year old adults in Yugoslavia. Average socio-economic status. Mixed rural and urban population. Only height data given. 626 men and 636 women studied.

MIDDLE EAST

Iran

Amirhakimi, G.H. (1974). Growth from birth to two years of rich urban and poor rural Iranian children compared with Western norms. Annals of Human Biology, 1, 427–442.

Longitudinal study of well-off 0–2 years olds in Shiraz, 1969-72. 33–52 boys and 29–68 girls per age group.

Wadsworth, G.R. & Emami, A.R. (1970). Heights and weights of adolescent girls in a city in Northern Iran. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 73, 172–173.

Cross-sectional study, 1963, of urban 12–19 year old girls in Rasht. Varied socio-economic status. 120–241 per age group.

Israel

Shiloh, A., Joffe-Gitlan, M. & Yekutiel, M. (1959). Height, weight and nutritional assessment of schoolchildren in an Arab village in Israel. Israel Medical Journal, 18, 217–225.

Cross-sectional study of 6–16 year old Arabs (rural) in 1957. About 50 boys and 20 girls per age group.

Shiloh, A. & Yekutiel, M. (1958). Weights and heights of Israel children. Acta Medica Orientalia, 17, 17–23.

Cross-sectional study of 6–12 year old Jerusalem Jews in 1956. About 20 per age/sex group.

Zaizov, R. & Laron, A. (1966). Body length and weight at birth and one year of age, in different communities in Israel. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 55, 524–528.

Study of children of parents originating from various areas, now residing in Israel. Communities studied from East and West Europe; Iran and Iraq; North Africa; Yemen and Israel (both native-born Jews and Arabs). One year old boys and girls. Mean height data also given for certain groups of parents. Mixed socio-economic status. Study took place in 1964.

Jordan

Hijazi, S.S. (1977). Child growth and nutrition in Jordan. Department of Paediatrics, University of Amman.

Study of children from villages around Amman. Rural communities. Mixed socio-economic status - 40.9% labourers but includes military, teachers etc. Diet supplemented during study but would not affect results.

ICNND (1964). Nutrition survey on infants and preschool children in Jordan, November 1962-October 1963. ICNND, Washington, DC.

National cross-sectional study of 0–5 year olds, 1962-3. 60–300 per age/sex group.

Lebanon

Harfouche, J.K. (1966). Growth and illness patterns of Lebanese infants (birth-18 months). Khayats, Beirut. 277 pp.

Longitudinal study of 0–1.5 year olds in Beirut from three ethnic groups, 1960–3. Low socio-economic status. About 50 per age/sex group.

Hasan, F. Najjar, S.S. & Asfour, R.Y. (1969). Growth of Lebanese infants in the first year of life. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 44, 131–133.

Longitudinal study of 0–1 year old well-off Arabs in Beirut, 1965–8. 158 boys and 152 girls.

ICNND (1962). Nutrition Survey, Republic of Lebanon, February- April 1961. ICNND, Washington, DC.

Cross-sectional, nationwide study of 5–15 year old boys and girls in 1961. About 40 per age/sex group. From all economic groups.

NORTH AMERICA

Canada

Birkbeck, J.A. & Lee, M. (1973). Growth and skeletal maturation in British Columbia Indian populations. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 38(3), 727–738.

Cross-sectional study around 1971–2 of two populations from British Columbia:- at Ahousat - a Nootka village on Flores Island, west of Vancouver Island - commercial ocean fishing main source of income; at Anaham - a Chilcotin village, in middle of province of British Columbia - hunting and river fishing main subsistence activities. Only data for adult height given. 5–29 per age/sex group.

Birkbeck, J.A., Lee, M., Myers, G.S. & Alfred, B.M. (1971). Nutritional status of British Columbia Indians II anthropometric measurements, physical and dental examinations at Ahousat and Anaham. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 62, 403–414.

Cross-sectional study at Ahousat and Anaham. 248 subjects at Ahousat and 266 subjects at Anaham. Men and women 20 years of age and over. Red Indians. Rural habitat. Probably low socio-economic status.

Coodin, F.J., Dilling, L.A., Haworth, J.C. & Ellestad-Sayed, J. (1980). Growth and nutrition of Manitoba preschool Indian children III anthropometry. Human Biology, 52(3), 563–578.

Mixed longitudinal study of boys and girls aged 0–5 years in N. Manitobe at the Indian communities of Cross Lake and Garden Hill from 1972–5. Average socio-economic status for this type of community. Rural habitat. Red Indians. 21–52 per age/sex group.

Demirjian, A., JeniĎek, M. & Dubuc, M.B. (1972). Les normes staturo-pondérales de l'enfant urbain canadien francais d'âge scolaire. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 63, 14–30.

Cross-sectional study, 1969–70, of 6–17 year olds in Montreal, Quebec. Urban community. French Canadiens. Average socio-economic status. About 100 per age/sex group.

JeniĎek, M. & Demirjian, A. (1972). Triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness in French-Canadian school-age children in Montreal. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 25, 576–581.

Cross-sectional study in 1969–70 in Montreal, Quebec. 6–18 year olds. Diverse economic groups. French ancestry. About 100 per age/sex group.

Pett, L.B. & Ogilvie, G.F. (1957). The report on Canadian average weights, heights and skinfolds. Canadian Bulletin of Nutrition, 5, 1–81.

Aged 2-over 65 years. Cross-sectional data. Males and females. Mixed socio-economic status. Urban/rural habitats. Study took place in 1955. Canadians. National study.

Stennett, R.G. & Cram, D.M. (1969). Cross-sectional, percentile height and weight norms for a representative sample of urban, school-aged Ontario children. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 60, 465–470.

Cross-sectional study, 1967–9, of 6–17 year olds in London, Ontario. 250–500 per age/sex group. 73% of British ancestry.

USA

Barr, G.D., Allen, C.C. & Shinefield, H.R. (1972). Height and weight of 7,500 children of three skin colours. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 124, 866–874.

Longitudinal study starting 1959 of 5–14 year olds in San Francisco, California. Middle-class. About 300 per age/sex group. Also cross-sectional study from 1967–70 of middle-class 5–14 year olds in San Francisco, California. About 50–70 per age/sex group.

Crispin, S. Kerrey, E., Fox, H.M. & Kies, C. (1968). Nutritional status of preschool children. II. Anthropometric measurements and interrelationships. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 21(11), 1280–1284.

Urban study of 40 North American children, aged 31/2–51/2 years, in Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. 20 of high socio-economic status, 20 of low socio-economic status. Boys and girls.

Department of Health, Education and Welfare, US (1970). Height and weight of children US Series 11. Report 104.

Cross-sectional national study, 1963–5, of 6–11 year olds. Mixed urban and rural. Mixed socio-economic status. Mixed racial groups - Negro, European, etc. Less than 3000 per age/sex group.

Eveleth, P.B., Bowers, E.J. & Schall, J.T. (1979). Secular change in growth of Philadelphia Black adolescents. Human Biology, 51, 213–228.

Urban study in Philadelphia in 1977 with similar study in 1956–65. Race - negroid (i.e. Black Americans). Ages 11–16 years. Mixed longitudinal data. Socio-economic status - 1977 study - 2, 1956–65 study - 2 and 1. Subjects from Catholic and public schools. 20–119 per age/sex group.

Foster, T.A., Voors, A.W., Webber, L.S., Frerichs, R.R. & Berenson, G.S. (1977). Anthropometric and maturation measurements of children, ages 5–14 years in a biracial community - The Bogalusa Heart Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 30, 582–591.

Cross-sectional study in Bogalusa, Louisiana, 1973–4. Negro and European children aged 5–14 years. Urban/rural community. Mixed socio-economic status. 38–151 per age/sex/race group.

Fryer, B.A., Lamkin, G.H., Vivian, V.M., Eppright, E.S. & Fox, H.M. (1972). Growth of preschool children in the North Central Region. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 60, 30–7.

Cross-sectional study of 0–6 year olds in Midwest.

Garn, S.M. (1967). Magnitude of secular trends in the Fels population. Fels Institute, Yellow Springs, Ohio.

Longitudinal study, 1942–62, in Yellow Springs, Ohio, of 0–18 year olds. About 100 per age/sex group. Above average economic group.

Garn, S.M., Clark, D.C., Arbor, A. & Trowbridge, F.L. (1973). Tendency towards greater stature in American Black children. American Journal of Diseases in Childhood, 126, 164–166.

Study in USA from 1968–70. White children of low income groups and Black children of poverty level groups, aged 1–15 years. Only height'data. Mixed rural and urban communities. Negros and White Americans. 16–286 per age/sex/race group.

Greulich, W.W. (1957). A comparison of the physical growth and development of American-born and native Japanese children. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 15, 489–515.

Cross-sectional study of 4–18 year old Japanese in San Francisco, California from 1956–7. About 30 per age/sex group. Average socio-economic status. Urban community.

Hamill, P.V.V., Johnston, F.E. & Grams, W. (1970). Height and weight of children: United States. Vital Health Statistics Series 11, No. 104. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

National, cross-sectional study of 6–17 year olds, 1963-70. Representative of USA children.

Hamill, P.V.V., Johnston, F.E. & Lemeshow, S. (1973). Height and weight of youths 12–17 years, United States, Department of Health, Education and Welfare Publication, No. (HSM) 73-1606, Vital Health Statistics, Series 11, No. 124, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Cross-sectional study, 1963–70, of 6–17 year olds. National study - representative of USA children. 500–600 per age/sex group.

Hamill, P.V.V, Johnston, F.E. & Lemeshow, S. (1973). Body weight, stature and sitting height: White and Negro youths 12–17 years, United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare Publication, No. (HRA) 74–1608, Vital Health Statistics Series 11, No. 126. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

National cross-sectional study, 1963–70, of 6–17 year olds. Representative of USA children. 60–80 boys and 70–110 girls per age group.

Heller, C.A., Scott, E.M. & Hammes, L.M. (1967). Height, weight and growth of Alaskan Eskimos. American Journal of Diseases in Children, 113, 338–344.

Study of North American (Alaskan) Eskimo children aged 0–16 years. Rural communities. Average socio-economic status for community. Data (0–3 years) collected 1961–5 and (3–16 years) 1956–9. Adult male mean heights also given for 3 villages. 7–161 per age/sex group.

ICNND (1964). Blackfeet Indian reservation, nutrition survey, August-September 1961. ICNND, Washington, DC.

Cross-sectional study in 1961 of 1–14 years old Blackfeet Indians in reservation at Montana. 20–40 per age/sex group.

Jamison, P.L. & Zegura, S.L. (1970). An anthropometric study of the Eskimos of Wainwright, Alaska. Arctic Anthropology, 7, 125–143.

Cross-sectional study, 1968, in Wainwright of 1–20 year olds. 10–23 boys and 10–24 girls per age group.

Johnston, F.E., McKigney, J.I., Hopwood, S. & Smelker, J. (1978). Physical growth and development of urban native Americans: a study in urbanization and its implications for nutritional status. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 31, 1017–1027.

Longitudinal study of urban native Americans from Minneapolis aged 0–17 years. Also American Indians from a reservation in Minnesota (rural), aged 6–12 years. Minnesota data - 1965, Minneapolis data - about 1976. Minnesota study - 28–49 per age/sex group, Minneapolis study - 7–86 per age/sex group.

Kondo, S. & Eto, M. (1972). Physical growth studies on Japanese-American children in comparison with native Japanese. In Proceedings of meeting for review and seminar of the US-Japan cooperative research on human adaptabilities, Kyoto, May 1972. Japan society for the Promotion of Science and National Science Foundation, Kyoto.

Cross-sectional study in 1971 at Los Angeles, California, of 4–17 year old Japanese. About 40 boys and 30 girls per age group.

Kraus, B. (1961). The Western Apache: some anthropometric observations. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 19, 227–236.

Cross-sectional study, 1954, of 2–19 year old Apache Indians in reservation in Arizona. 10–19 boys and 10–23 girls per age/sex group.

Krogman, W.M. (1970). Growth of the head, face, trunk, and limbs in Philadelphia White and Negro children of elementary and high school age. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 35, 1–80.

Longitudinal studies, 1956–9 and 1965–6, of 7–17 year olds in Philadelphia. Lower-middle to middle class, 35–167 boys and 35–147 girls per age group; middle class, 43–299 boys and 55–344 girls per age group.

McCammon, R.W. (1970). Human growth and development. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois.

Longitudinal, Child Research Council study of upper-middle class 0–25 year olds in Denver, Colorado, from 1937–67. 50–70 boys and 60–80 girls per age group.

Malina, R.M. (1966). Patterns of development in skinfolds of Negro and White Philadelphia children. Human Biology, 38, 89–103.

Cross-sectional study of middle class 6–12 year olds in Philadelphia. About 40 boys and 30 girls per age group.

Malina, R.M. (1972). Weight, height and limb circumferences in American White and Negro children: longitudinal observations over a one year period. Environmental Child Health, 18(3), 280–283.

Semi-longitudinal study with cross-sectional data of upper-middle class White children and lower-middle class Black children aged 6–13 years. Europeans and Africans. Study took place in Philadelphia in 1970. Urban sample. 9–52 per age/sex group.

Meredith, H.V. & Spurgeon, J.H. (1976). Body size and form of Black and White female youths measured during 1974–5 at Columbia, S. Carolina. Child Development, 47, 360–367.

Cross-sectional study, 1974-5, of 186 women of N.W. European ancestry and 201 women of African ancestry. Urban community. Average socio-economic status.

National Centre for Health Statistics (1979). Growth curves for children, birth-18 years, USA. National Health Survey. Vital Health Statistics, Series 11, No. 165.

Cross-sectional data collected between 1963 and 1974. Boys and girls aged 2–25 years. 42,417 girls and 42,669 boys were measured. North Americans.

Owen, G.M. & Lubin, A.H. (1973). Anthropometric differences between Black and White preschool children. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 126, 168–169.

Preschool nutrition survey 1968–70 in the USA. Boys and girls aged 1.5–5.5 years - Black (Negro) and White. European and African. Mixed socio-economic status. Cross-sectional data.

Pollitzer, W.S. & Brown, W.H. (1969). Survey of demography, anthropometry and genetics in the Melungeons of Tennessee : an isolate of hybrid origin in process of dissolution. Human Biology, 41(3), 388–400.

“Melungeon” is the name given to people of uncertain origin, inhabiting the Appalachian Mountains where E. Tenessee and W. Virginia join - most are classified as White. Height and weight for adult males and females. Data collected in 1965–6. Predominantly Caucasoid people with some Indian and possibly Negroid admixture. 50 males and 78 females.

Rauh, J.L., Schumsky, D.A. & Witt, M.T. (1967). Heights, weights and obesity in urban schoolchildren. Child Development, 38, 515–30.

Cross-sectional study in 1963 of a random sample of 5–18 year olds. About 100 per age/sex group. Cincinnati, Ohio.

Raven, P.B., Taguchi, S., Drinkwater, B.L., Kaneko, M., Horvath, S.M. & Matsui, H. (1974). Anthropometric, spirometric and physiologic comparisons of migrant Japanese. Human Biology, 46(3), 483–494.

Small study carried out in Santa Barbara, California between 1971 and 1972. 3 groups of male adult subjects were selected: Issei (Japanese), Sansei (3rd generation Japanese - Americans) and Caucasian (White Americans). Urban community. 15 subjects per group.

Reed, R.B. & Stuart, H.C. (1959). Patterns of growth in height and weight from birth to eighteen years of age. Pediatrics, 24, 904–921.

Longitudinal study of 0–18 year olds in Boston, Massachusetts, 1930–56. 67 per age/sex group. Children of skilled and white collar workers, mobile, Irish ancestry.

Schutte, J.E. (1980). Growth differences between lower and middle income Black male adolescents. Human Biology, 52(2), 193–204.

Cross-sectional study in 1978 of middle and lower class Black youths aged 10–18 years attending public schools in Dallas County, Texas. Negros. Males. 11–16 per age group.

Simmons, K. (1944). The Brush Foundation Study of child growth and development. II. Physical growth and development. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 9, 1–87.

Longitudinal study of 0–17 year olds in Cleveland, Ohio, 1931–42. About 200 per age/sex group. Above-average economic group.

Simmons, K. & Greulich, W.W. (1943). Menarcheal age and the height, weight, and skeletal age of girls age 7 to 17 yearŕs. Journal of Pediatrics, 22, 518–548.

Longitudinal study of 7–17 year old girls in Cleveland, Ohio, 1931–42. About 200 per age group. Above-average economic group.

Spurgeon, J.H., Meredith, E.M. & Meredith, H.V. (1978). Body size and form of children of predominantly black ancestry living in West and Central Africa, North and South America and the West Indies. Annals of Human Biology, 5(3), 229–246.

Cross-sectional study, 1974–7, of 6 and 9 year old girls and 6, 9 and 11 year old boys. Black children of Richland County, South Carolina. All socio-economic levels. 204–277 per age/sex group.

Stuart, H.C. & Meredith, H.V. (1946). The use of body measurements in the school health program. I. General considerations and the selection of measurements. II. Methods to be followed in taking and interpreting measurements and norms to be used. American Journal of Public Health, 36, 1365–1386.

Longitudinal study of 0–18 year old children of professional and managerial class in lowa City, lowa, 1930–45. 86–235 boys and 87–210 girls per age group.

Tuddenham, R.D. & Snyder, M.M. (1954). Physical growth of California boys and girls from birth to eighteen years. University of California Press, Berkeley & Los Angeles.

Longitudinal study of 0–18 year olds from a superior socio-economic group in Berkeley, California, from 1928 to the present. 66 boys and 70 girls per age group.

Verghese, K.P., Scott, R.B., Teixeira, G. & Ferguson, A.D. (1969). Studies in growth and development. XII. Physical growth of North American Negro children. Pediatrics, 44, 243–247.

Cross-sectional study of low-income 0.24–17 year olds from Washington, DC, 1963–5. About 50 per age/sex group. African Negros. Urban community.

Wingerd, J., Schoen, E.J. & Solomon, L. (1971). Growth standards in the first two years of life based on measurements of white and black children in a prepaid health care program. Pediatrics, 47, 818–827.

Longitudinal study of 0–2 year olds in California born between 1959 and 1967. Middle class, multiracial population. 66% white, 23% black, 4% oriental and 7% mixed or of another race. Orientals were discounted from data analysis. Mainly urban habitats. Over 15,000 children studied.

W.H.O. (1979). Measurement of Nutritional Impact: World Health Organisation, Geneva. WHO/FAP/79

Presents a tabulation of data from the National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.A., 1976) and recommends their use as a basis for international comparison. These data differ very slightly from the N.C.H.S. (1979) data which are included in the main data base for this study.

SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA INCLUDING THE CARIBBEAN

Bermuda

Gourlay, R.J. & Ashcroft, M.T. (1969). Heights and weights of Bermudan children of African and European origin. West Indian Medical Journal, 18, 40–46.

Cross-sectional national study of African and mulatto 5–17 year olds. About 300 in each age/sex group. Good socio-economic conditions.

Bolivia

Interdepartmental Committee Report on Nutrition for National Defense. (June 1964). Nutrition Survey - Bolivia.

Cross-sectional study in 1962. Data given for military men, aged 15–30 years. Mixed habitat. 11–1, 124 in each age group.

Stinson, S. (1980). The physical growth of high altitude Bolivian Aymara children. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 52, 377–385.

Cross-sectional study of Aymara children living in Ancoraimes, Bolivia, at altitudes of 3800–4000 meters. 360 boys, 150 girls studied. Mainly rural. Poor socio-economic status. 7–58 per age/sex group.

Brazil

Da Rocha, F.J. & Salzano, F.M. (1972). Anthropometric studies in Brazilian Cayapo Indians. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 36(1), 95–102.

3 different Brazilian Indian populations - Cayapo populations:- Kuben-Kran-Kegn, located near Riosinho river; Txukahamae, live in Xingu National Park at Porori; Mekranoti, located around the Iriri river. Studied in 1968, 1966 and 1969 respectively. Native Brazilian Indians/Americans. Cross-sectional study of male and female adults. Very primitive types of people. All ranges of socio-economic status within the group, though would be considered low.

Eveleth, P.B., Salzano, F.M. & De Lima, P.E. (1974). Child growth and adult physique in Brazilian Xingu Indians. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 41(1), 95–102.

Adult male and female data given. 1947–9. Cross-sectional. Only height data given. South American Indian population from the upper Xingu region, in Central Brazil. Rural communities. American Indians. Average socio-economic status for this type of community. 10–70 in each age/sex group.

Guaraciaba, M.A. (1967). Physical growth of Japanese Brazilian children. Zinnugaki Zassi, 75, 1–10.

Japanese children aged 6–14 years. Boys and girls born and raised in Bauru, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Rural district. Measured in 1963–65, in March and September. Average socio-economic status. Mixed longitudinal data. 13–57 in each age/sex group.

Chile

Arteaga, A. Lacassie, Y. & Castro, N. (1968). Estudio de la alimentación y del estado nutrition de la población indigena de la precardillera de Africa, Chile. Revista Chilena Pediatrica, 39, 631–644.

Cross-sectional study of three different localities of the Africa Sierra. Poor socio-economic status. Adult men and women. 110 studied.

Interdepartmental Committee Report on Nutrition for National Defense. (1961). Washington: Government Printing Office, 1–357.

Cross-sectional study, 1960, of 20,524 girls and 22,664 boys aged 3–19 years. Data from nine cities in Chile. Urban habitat. Mixed socio-economic status.

Mueller, W.H., Murillo, F., Palamino, H., Badzioch, M., Chakraborn, R., Fuerst, P. & Schull, W.J. (1980). The Ayamara of Western Bolivia: V growth and development in a hypoxic environment. Human Biology, 52(3), 529–546.

Study took place starting in 1973 in Chile and continued in 1975 in Bolivia in the Departamento de Oruro in villages of Turco and Toledo. Rural habitat. Cross-sectional data. Average socio-economic status for community type. 0–60 years old. Bolivian. 2–38 per age/sex group.

Mueller, W.H., Schull, V.N., Schull, W.J., Soto, P. & Rothhammer, F. (1978). A multinational Andean genetic and health program: growth and development in a hypoxic environment. Annals of Human Biology, 5(4), 329–352.

Cross-sectional study in 1972. 2–60 year old males and females. South American Chileans (Amyran, non-Amyran or Mestizo ancestry). 3 groups from the Departamento de Arica in Northern Chile - permanent residents. (1) Coastal - 2 sea-level communities - Azapa and Lluta. (2) Sierra villages - Putre, Chapiquiria, Tignamar, Socoroma and Belen (2500-3500m). (3) Altiplano hamlets (over 4000m) - Visviri, Caquena, Parinacota and Guallatire. Rural habitats. Mixed socio-economic status. 8-about 60 per age/sex group.

Colombia

Interdepartmental Committee Report on Nutrition for National Defense. (December 1961). Nutrition Survey - Colombia.

Cross-sectional study, 1960. Rural and urban habitat. Boys and girls aged 0–6 years and 15–70 years. About 60 in each age/sex group.

Costa Rica

Villarejas, V.M., Osborne, J.A., Payne, F.J. & Anguedas, J.A. in collaboration with: Umaña, R., Salas, C.L., Avila, V. & Muñaz, B. (1971). Heights and weights of children in urban and rural Costa Rica. The Journal of Tropical Pediatrics & Environmental Child Health, 17, 31–43.

Cross-sectional study of children aged 0–18 years living in Costa Rica. 5,945 boys and 5,884 girls studied. Urban and rural habitat. Mixed socio-economic status. Spanish, Indian and Negro races.

Cuba

Jordan, J. Tanner, J.M., Goldstein, H., Bebelagua, A., Ruben, M. & Hernandez, J. (1975). The 1972 Cuban National Child Growth Study as an example of population health monitoring: design and methods. Annals of Human Biology, 2, 153–171.

Cross-sectional study of mostly mulatto 0–19 year olds in 1972-4. Representative national sample. 1000–3000 in each age/sex group.

Laska-Mierzejewska, T. (1967). Desarrolla y maduración de los niños y jóvenes Habaneros. Materialy i Prace Antropologiczne, 74, 9–64.

Cross-sectional study of 6–20 year olds in Havana. About 50 in each age/sex group.

Laska-Mierzejewska, T. (1970). Morphological and developmental difference between Negro and white Cuban youths. Human Biology, 42, 581–597.

Cross-sectional study in 1963/4 of 6–20 year olds in Havana. Urban community. White population, Black (Negro) population and Mulatto population (according to skin colour). 4000 subjects. Mixed socio-economic status, although Black lower than Mulatto or White. 50–73 in each age/sex group.

Dominica

Robson, J.R.K., Bazin, M. & Soderstrom, R. (1971). Ethnic differences in skinfold thickness. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 24, 864–868.

Cross-sectional study of 0.02–10 year olds in clinics, creches, schools. 5–145 boys and 5–108 girls in each age group.

Hernández, R. (1966). Crecimiento y desarrollo normal del niño pobre dominicano. Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana, 61, 27–39.

Cross-sectional study of underprivileged 0–7 year olds in Santo Domingo. 2000 studied.

Ecuador

Danielsson, B. (1952). Anthropometric date on the Jibaro Indians. Ethnos, 1–2, 33–37.

Cross-sectional study in 1946-7. Only height data given. Jibaro indians - adults - inhabiting S.E. Ecuador from 3 localities:- (1) Patuca - immediately east of the junction of Upano and Paute, (2) Yurupaza - 15 miles higher upon Upano, (3) Yaupi - 25 miles farther east. Rural community. Average socio-economic status for type of community. Males and females.

Guatemala

Blanco, R.A., Acheson, R.M., Canosa, C. & Salomon, J.B. (1974). Height, weight and lines of arrested growth in young Guatemalan children. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 40(1), 39–48.

Cross-sectional study in 1972 of S. American Native Guatemalans aged 0–7 years. Low socio-economic status. Rural community. 10–34 per age/sex group.

Johnston, F.E., Borden, M. & Macuean, R.B. (1973). Height, weight and their growth velocities in Guatemalan private school children of high socio-economic class. Human Biology, 45(4), 627–641.

Mixed longitudinal sample of children from high socio-economic class carried out at the American School in Guatemala City from 1953 to around 1970. Only Guatemalans studied. 5–17 years of age. Urban community. 20–77 per age/sex group.

Sabharwal, K.P., Morales, S. & Mendez, J. (1966). Body measurements and creatinine excretion among upper and lower socio-economic groups of girls in Guatemala. Human Biology, 38(2), 131–140.

Cross-sectional study, 1965, of Mayan Indians and Europeans in Guatemala aged 7–17 years. 448 girls. 230 from upper social class and predominantly of European origin, 218 from lower socio-economic group and predominantly Mayan Indian. Urban upper-class girls, rural lower-class girls.

Yarbrough, C., Habicht, J.P., Malina, R.M., Lechtig, A. & Klein, R.E. (1976). Length and weight in rural Guatemalan Ladino children: birth to seven years of age. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 42, 439–448.

Rural community - Guatemalan Ladino children aged 0–7 years. Mixed longitudinal sample. Study held 1969–1972. Low socio-economic status. About 150–200 per age/sex group.

Guyana

Ashcroft, M.T., Bell, R. & Nicholson, C.C. (1968). Anthropometric measurements of Guyanese schoolchildren of African and E. Indian racial origins. Tropical and Geographical Medicine, 20, 159–171.

Cross-sectional study in 1965/6. Africans and E. Indians in Guyana, on the north coast of South America. Average to low socio-economic status. Rural communities. Aged 5.5–15.5 years. About 100–300 in each age/sex/race group.

Ashcroft, M.T., Bell, R., Nicholson, C.C. & Pemberton, S. (1968). Growth of Guyanese infants of African and East Indian racial origins with some observations on mortality. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 62, 607–618.

Longitudinal study in 1964. Rural community. 0.04–1.8 years old. About 110 per age/sex group.

Doornbos, L. & Jonxis, J.P.H. (1968). Growth of Bush negro children on the Tapanahony River in Dutch Guyana. Human Biology, 40(3), 396–415.

Boys and girls from the hinterland of Dutch Guyana on the north coast of South America. Originate from African negroes, brought from W. Africa as slaves. Very primitive people - no medical help, education etc. Mixed longitudinal study took place 1954-64 at the Moravian Mission. Very rural, riverside community. 40–101 per age/sex group.

Glanville, E.V. & Geerdink, R.A. (1970). SKFT, body measurements and age changes in Trio and Wajaria Indians of Surinam. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 32, 455–462.

Cross-sectional study of S. American natives in 1967–8. Rural habitats. Average socio-economic status. 3 years old to adults. Tribes in adjacent parts of Brazil and French Guyana inhabiting the tropical forest of Surinam. 10–190 per age/sex group.

Luyken, R. & Luyken-Koning, F.W.M. (1961). Studies on physiology in Surinam. IX. Somatometrical data. Tropical and Geographical Medicine, 13, 123–130.

Cross-sectional study of Bushnegroes (along Surinam river) aged 0-adult. 7–23 boys and 8–31 girls per age group.

Van der Kuyp, E. (1967). A study of 75,001 inhabitants of Surinam, South America. Netherlands Journal of Nutrition, 28(9), 435– 469.

Study, 1964–5, of 0–60 year old males and females of 7 races; Amerindians (2.2%), Bushnegroes (8.5%), Chinese (1.6%), Creales (35.5%), Europeans (1.3%), Hindustani (34.7%) and Indonesians (14.9%). Mixed rural and urban habitat. Mixed socio-economic status.

Haiti

King, K.W., Foucauld, J., Fougere, W. & Severinghaus, E.L. (1963). Height and weight of Haitian children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 13, 106–109.

Cross-sectional study of 5–17 year olds in Port au Prince in 1960–1. About 100 in each age/sex group. Urban community. High socio-economic status.

Office of Nutrition. Agency for International Development, Washington DC 20523 (1978). National survey - birth to approximately age five.

Jamaica

Ashcroft, M.T., Desai, H. & Desai, P. (1977). Increase in size of Jamaican schoolchildren in recent years. West Indian Medical Journal, 26, 116–122.

Cross-sectional study in 1974–6 of 6–13 year olds attending schools in central or E. Jamaica. Mixed urban/rural communities. Mixed socio-economic status. Race predominantly African (with a few mixtures). About 500–1000 per age/sex group.

Ashcroft, M.T, Heneage, P. & Lovell, H.A. (1966). Heights and weights of Jamaican schoolchildren of various ethnic groups. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 24, 35–44.

Cross-sectional study of rural 11–15 year olds. 500–700 per age/sex group. Low socio-economic status.

Ashcroft, M.T., Ling, J., Lovell, H.A. & Miall, W.E. (1966). Heights and weights of adults in rural and urban areas of Jamaica. British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 20, 20–26.

Study of rural and urban samples aged 15–19 years in 1959. 20+ per age/sex group. Cross-sectional study. Also adults, Low socio-economic status. 1,129 males and 1,407 females studied. Almost all inhabitants in areas studied were African origin.

Ashcroft, M.T. & Lovell, H.A. (1964). Heights and weights of Jamaican children of various racial origins. Tropical and Geographical Medicine, 4, 346–53.

Cross-sectional study in 1963 of children aged 4–12 years attending fee paying schools in the wealthy suburbs of Kingston, Jamaica. 9–16 boys and 12–24 girls in each age group. Four main racial groups (i.e. ancestry):- (1) Mainly African (2) Mixed European and African (3) Mainly European (4) Chinese.

Ashcroft, M.T. & Lovell, H.G. (1966). The validity of surveys of heights and weights of Jamaican schoolchildren. West Indian Medical Journal, 15, 27–33.

Study in 1963/4 of schoolchildren aged 6–15 years. Poor socio-economic status. Rural community. Predominantly African peoples - some European ancestry. 100–200 in most age/sex groups.

Ashcroft, M.T., Lovell, H.G., George, M. & Williams, A. (1965). Heights and weights of infants and children in a rural community of Jamaica. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 11, 56–68.

Cross-sectional study in 1963 of 0.5–8 year old children. 16–64 boys and 17–76 girls per age group. Rural community. Low socio-economic status.

Grantham-McGregor, S.M., Desai, P. & Back, E.H. (1972). A longitudinal study of infant growth in Kingston, Jamaica. Human Biology, 44(3), 549–562.

Longitudinal study in Kingston, Jamaica, which began March 1967. Mostly low socio-economic status. Negro parentage. Urban community. Boys and girls aged 0–1 years. 254 boys and 253 girls studied.

Standard, K.L., Desai, P. & Miall, W.E. (1969). A longitudinal study of child growth in a rural community in Jamaica. Journal of Biosocial Science, 1, 153–176.

Longitudinal study of boys and girls aged 0–4 years from 1962–7. Rural community. Relatively low socio-economic status though not very poor. Population predominantly of African origin, though evidence of European, Indian and Chinese ancestry. 50–100 per age/sex group.

Latin America - General

Comas, J. (1971). Anthropometric studies in Latin-American Indian populations. From The ongoing evolution of Latin-American populations, ed. F.M. Salzano.

Adult data from studies of Latin-American Indian populations from 1922–65. Cross sectional studies. Mixed socio-economic status. Rural habitats. Males and females.

Frisch, R. & Revelle, R. (1969). Variation in body weights and the age of the adolescent growth spurt among Latin American and Asian populations in relation to calorie supplies. Human Biology, 41, 185–212.

Cross-sectional data collected from literature for 7 Latin American countries (Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, N.E. Brazil, Uraguay and Venezuala) and 7 Asian countries (Burma, India, Japan, Pakistan, Malaya, Thailand and Vietnam). Mainly weight data. Males and females aged 0-over 65 years. Average socio-economic status. Studies took place late 1950s, early 1960s. Mixed rural and urban data.

Mexico

Malina, R.M., Selby, H.A., Buschang, P.H. & Aronson, W.L. (1980). Growth status of schoolchildren in a rural Zapotec community in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico, in 1968 and 1978. Annals of Human Biology, 7(4), 367–374.

Cross-sectional study of children in a rural Zapotec-speaking community in the valley of Oaxaca in southern Mexico. 363 boys and girls aged 6–14 years. Poor socio-economic status. 1–33 per age/sex group.

Malina, R.M., Selby, H.A. & Swartz, L.J. (1972). Estatura, peso y circumferencia del Brazo en una muestra transversal de niñas Zapotecas de 6 a 14 añas. Anales de Antropología, 9, 143–155.

Cross-sectional study of Zapotec children, aged 6–14 years, living in Mexico. 166 boys and 165 girls studied. Rural habitat. Poor socio-economic status. 8–28 per age/sex group.

Ortiz, B., Pérez & Mora, H. (1967). Somatometría en escolanes de Tlaltizapán, Mor. (a) Análisis del peso y de la talla. (b) Diversas parámetros excludas peso y talla. (The anthropometry of school children in Tlaltizapan, a - analysis of height and weight.) Boletin Medico del Hospital Infantil (Mexico), 24, 291–329.

Cross-sectional study of Mexican children living in Tlaltizapan. Males and females aged 7–14 years. 27–93 per age/sex group. Urban habitat. Mixed socio-economic status.

Netherlands Antilles

Van Wering, E.R. (1978). Growth and development of children on Aruba in 1974. Rotterdam.

Cross-sectional study of Arubian boys and girls aged 0–14 years in 1974. Aruba off the north coast of Venezuala, near to Colombia. Divided into 6 districts. In the 4 rural districts there is a high percentage of native Arubians - these are who were studied. Mixed socio-economic status. 22–140 per age/ sex group.

Peru

Blanca Adrianzen, T., Baertl, J.M. & Graham, G.G. (1973). Growth of children from extremely poor families. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 26, 926–930.

Combined cross-sectional and longitudinal study of Peruvian children. Very low socio-economic status. Study took place in Lima (families from slums), 1966–70. Mothers had history of malnutrition. Children had no history of severe malnutrition. 0–18 year olds. Urban community. Samples in 6 month age groups. Nearly all less than 30 subjects of each sex and several less than 10 subjects.

Frisancho, A.R. (1969). Human growth and pulmonary function of a high altitude Peruvian Quechua population. Human Biology, 41(3), 365–379.

Quechua boys from the district of Nunoa of S. Peru. All natives inhabiting levels of more than 4000m and never going to altitudes below 3500m. Cross-sectional data. 11–20 years old. Rural, mountainous district. Study took place 1966. 10–23 per age group.

Frisancho, A.R. & Baker, P.T. (1970). Altitude and growth: a study of the patterns of physical growth of a high altitude Peruvian Quechua population. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 32(2), 279–292.

Cross-sectional data from an area in S. Peru - Nunoa. Some semi-longitudinal data used from a previous study. Rural population. 4000–5500m altitude. Study took place 1964–6. Males and females aged 2–35 years. Not very high socio-economic status, i.e. 2–3.

Frisancho, A.R., Guire, K., Babler, W., Borkan, G. & Way, A. (1980). Nutritional influence on childhood development and genetic control of adolescent growth of Quechuas and Mestizas from the Peruvian Lowlands. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 52, 367–375.

Cross-sectional study of the growth in height of 1,202 Quechua and Mestiza children aged 6–19 years. Urban habitat. Mixed socio-economic status.

Johnston, F.E., Gindhart, P.S., Jantz, R.L., Kensinger, K.M. & Walker, G.F. (1971). The anthropometric determination of body composition among the Peruvian Cashinahua. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 34(3), 409–416.

Study in 1969 of Cashinahua Indians of Peruvian rain forest. Rural communities. American Indians. Male and female aged 1-adult (50+). Cross-sectional data. 4–20 per age/sex group.

Puerto Rico

Knott, V.B. (1963). Stature, leg-girth and body weight of Puerto Rican private school children measured in 1962. Growth, 27, 157–174.

Cross-sectional study of 7–17 year olds in 1962 in private schools in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Mainly Spanish origins. Upper socio-economic status. All subjects were of Puerto Rico parentage, born and reared in Puerto Rico. Urban community. Boys and girls.

St. Kitts, Nevis, Anguilla

Ashcroft, M.T., Buchanan, J.C. & Lovell, H.G. (1965). Heights and weights of primary school children in St. Christopher - Nevis - Anguilla, West Indies. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 68, 277–283.

Heights and weights of 4,700 primary schoolchildren, mainly African origin. Low socio-economic status. Aged 5–15 years. Study took place during 1964. Rural habitat in St. Kitts, mixed habitat in Anguilla. Cross-sectional study. Boys and girls.

St. Vincent

Antrobus, A.C.K. (1971). Child growth and related factors in a rural community in St. Vincent, 1967–69. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics and African Child Health, 17, 187–209.

Longitudinal study, 1967–8, in Belair of 0.12–3 year olds. Rural community. About 150 per age/sex group. Predominantly African extraction. Average socio-economic status for population.

Ashcroft, M.T. & Antrobus, A.C.K. (1970). Heights and weights of schoolchildren in St. Vincent. Journal of Biosocial Science, 2, 317–328.

Cross-sectional study in 1969 of 5.5–14.5 year olds in St. Vincent. Rural communities. Not very high socio-economic levels. Predominantly African origin, with some European mixture. 101–350 per age/sex group.

Uruguay

Interdepartmental Committee Report on Nutrition for National Defense (1963). Nutrition survey - Republic of Uruguay.

Cross-sectional study in 1962. Rural and urban habitat. 0-adults. 21–92 per age/sex group.

West Indies (General)

Ashcroft, M.T. & Antrobus, A.C.K. (1970). Heights and weights of schoolchildren in St. Vincent. Journal of Biosocial Science, 2, 317–328.

Already listed under St. Vincent. Also gives combined data for schoolchildren of African origin from Jamaica, Barbados, Guyana, St. Kitts - Nevis Anguilla and St. Vincent. Approximately 900–2200 subjects per age/sex group.

ASIA

Bangladesh (E. Pakistan)

ICNND (1966). Nutrition survey of East Pakistan, March 1962-January 1964. US Dept of Health, Education and Welfard, Washington, DC.

Cross-sectional study of urban children aged 0–4 years. 40–66 in each age/sex group.

Burma

Interdepartmental Committee report on Nutrition for National Defense. (May 1963). Nutrition Survey - Union of Burma.

Study carried out in 1961. Military men, dependents and civilians. Data given for adult men and women. Rural and urban habitat. Cross-sectional data.

KoKo, U. (1959/60). An anthropometric study of Burmese children (as conducted in Aung San area). Proceedings of the Burma Society for Medical Research, 2, 1–9.

Study of 5–15 year old boys and girls in the Insein district. 20–80 in each age/sex group. Cross-sectional data.

Hong Kong

Chang, K.S.F. (1969). Growth and development of Chinese children and youth in Hong Kong. University of Hong Kong.

Study, 1961–5, of Southern Chinese aged 0.04–18 years. 150–500 in each age/sex group. Cross-sectional data. Urban study. Separated into three socio-economic groups.

Chang, K.S.F., Lee, M.M.C., Low, W.D. & Evan, E. (1963). Height and weight of Southern Chinese children. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 21, 497–509.

Urban study, 1961–2, of Southern Chinese descendents (no Chinese included). Boys and girls aged 6–18 years. Mixed socio-economic status - split into 3 groups. Cross-sectional study. 132–503 in each age/sex group.

Chang, K.S.F., Lee, M.M.C., Low, W.D., Chui, S. & Chow, M. (1965). Standards of height and weight of Southern Chinese children. Far East Medical Journal, 1, 101–109.

Study, 1961–4, of 11,476 Southern Chinese children. Urban habitat. 90% of pre-school children and 50% of schoolchildren came from families of low socio-economical background, less than 1% of pre-school children and 20% of schoolchildren came from families of high socio-economical background, and the rest from middle socio-economical stratum. Race: Chinese. Cross-sectional study. Birth to 18 years of age.