FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES
PRIORITIES
(BY REGION, SPECIES AND OPERATION)
SPECIES IDENTIFIED AS TOP PRIORITY
FOR FAO COORDINATED ACTIVITIES
NOTES
(i) General Observations
The present Appendix, complemented by Appendix 10, represents an attempt to provide a list of top priority forest tree species at regional, eco-regional or sub-regional level.
The list does not present an exhaustive list of woody perennial species in need of attention. It aims at providing information on those species and provenances which the FAO Panel of Experts on Forest Gene Resources, during its 12th Session in November 2001, considered should be given highest priority in the forest genetic resources programme of FAO's Forestry Department.
The Panel of Experts recognized that many of the priority ratings must be considered tentative; the list will need continuing up-dating and must be modified in the light of new information, knowledge and needs.
The list is based on the experts' opinion. The diversity of forest types, status and condition, and the different types and scales of values used to rank forest tree species among countries and cultures, make the establishment of objective, global guidelines, a difficult exercise. In their own capacity, and on the basis of their personal experience, experts have reviewed information from national and regional sources, and ranked those species which appeared to present the highest actual or potential value, at species or population level22.
The present list should be reviewed in conjunction with the more detailed and complete lists of national, regional and global priority species and activities, shown in Appendix 10. There is, furthermore, a need to supplement both lists drawn up by the Panel with more detailed, national lists of priorities at local and national level.
This list emphasizes the importance of the genetic variation between species, and within species, and does not specifically target endangered or threatened species or populations because of their endangered condition. Similarly, although in exceptional cases referring to genera, the list does not refer to ecosystems or biota.
Readers interested in endangered or threatened tree and shrub species may wish to refer to:
(i) the 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, at http://www.redlist.org/;
(ii) the World List of Threatened Trees, by S. Oldsfield, C. Lusty and A. MacKinven, World Conservation Press, Cambridge, 1998;
(iii) the World Conservation Monitoring Centre's Tree Conservation Database, available on Internet at: http://www.wcmc.org.uk/cgi-bin/SaCGI.cgi/trees.exe?FNC=database_Aindex_html
(ii) Legend
A fold-out flap on the inside of the back cover summarizes the indications given below.
"End Use of Species" (columns 1-4)
Column 1, "Industrial Wood": sawn logs, timber, heavy construction wood, plywood, chip and particle board, wood pulp.
Column 2, "Industrial Non-Wood Products": gums, resins, oils, tannins or other products used in small, medium and large-scale local and non-local industries.
Column 3, "Fuelwood, Posts, Poles": firewood and wood used for the production of charcoal and energy; roundwood used on-farm.
Column 4, "Other Uses (goods, services)": food, fodder, land stabilization, soil amelioration, shade, shelter and other environmental and cultural or religious values.
"Operations/Activities"
The list indicates priority on a scale from 1 to 3 for the various operational steps identified: exploration, evaluation, conservation and utilization of germplasm (including selection and breeding) as follows:
(1) Highest priority
(2) Prompt action recommended
(3) Action is important, but of less urgency than that for species listed as priority (1) and (2).
"Remarks" column
PVT = provenance trials
PGT = progeny trials
CLT = clonal trials
SO = seed orchard
(E) = endangered at species or provenance level
MPTS = multi purpose tree species
The fold-out flap on the inside of the back cover recalls the indications given above.
LIST OF
SPECIES IDENTIFIED AS TOP PRIORITY
FOR FAO COORDINATED ACTIVITIES
1. Western USA/Canada 48
2. Eastern USA/Canada 48
3. Mexico 48
4. Caribbean, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador 48
5. South America (except Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador) 49
6. Northern and Central Europe 50
7. Mediterranean Region, Southern Europe and Near East 50
8. South and East Asia (excl. China and India) 51
9. North, North-East and Central Asia (incl. China, Dem. People's Rep. of Korea,
India, Japan, Mongolia and Rep. of Korea) 52
10. Africa 54
11. Australia and New Zealand 56
12. Papua New Guinea and Pacific Islands 56
Operations/ Activities |
|||||||||||||
SPECIES |
End use of species |
Exploration & collection |
Evaluation |
Conservation |
Germplasm use |
REMARKS | |||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
||
1. WESTERN USA/CANADA No species were identified as top priority species for FAO coordinated activities |
|||||||||||||
2. EASTERN USA/CANADA No species were identified as top priority species for FAO coordinated activities |
|||||||||||||
3. MEXICO |
|||||||||||||
Cedrela odorata |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PVT and PGT | |||
Cupressus lindleyi |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|||||
Pinus chiapensis |
_ |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PVT and PGT | ||||
P. patula |
_ |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PVT,PGT,SO | ||||
P. pseudostrobos |
_ |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PVT,PGT,SO | ||||
Swietenia macrophylla |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PVT, PGT, SO | |||
4. CARRIBEAN, CENTRAL AMERICA, COLOMBIA, VENEZUELA AND ECUADOR |
|||||||||||||
Cedrela odorata |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
PVT, PGT in progress. (E) in most parts of range | |||
Cordia alliodora |
_ |
_ |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
PVT, PGT, CLT,SO established. Vegetative propagation and breeding systems studies completed | |||||
Gliricidia sepium |
_ |
_ |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
PVT, in situ and ex situ stands and SO established | |||||
Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PVT, PGT, in situ and ex situ seed stands established | |||||
P. tecunumanii |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PVT, PGT, in situ and ex situ seed stands established | |||||
Swietenia macrophylla |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
PVT,PGT established; genetic variability studies in progress. (E) in most parts of range. | |||
5. SOUTH AMERICA(EXCEPT COLOMBIA, VENEZUELA AND ECUADOR) |
|||||||||||||
Aniba rosaeodora |
_ |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
E,M | |||
Araucaria angustifolia |
_ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
E,A | |||
Aspidosperma polyneuron |
_ |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
E | |||
Balfourodendrum riedelianum |
_ |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
E | |||
Caesalpinia echinata |
_ |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
E | |||
Dalbergia nigra |
_ |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
E | |||
Maytenus ilicifolia |
_ |
_ |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
E,M | ||
Nothofagus alessandrii |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
E | |||
Swietenia macrophylla |
_ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
E | |||
Tabebuia cassindides |
_ |
_ |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
E,MP | ||
6. NORTHERN AND CENTRAL EUROPE No species were identified as top priority species for FAO coordinated activities |
|||||||||||||
7. MEDITERRANEAN REGION, SOUTHERN EUROPE AND NEAR EAST |
|||||||||||||
Acacia nilotica |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Int. PVT in progress | |||||
A. saligna |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Network Silva Mediterranea | |||||
A. senegal |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|||||
A. tortilis (incl. ssp. raddiana) |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Int. PVT in progress | |||||
Cedrus atlantica |
_ |
_ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
Int. testing in progress. Silva Mediterranea | ||||
C. libani |
_ |
_ |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
Int. testing. National stands in Lebanon (E). Conservation priority activities apply to Lebanon | ||
Ceratonia siliqua Prosopis cineraria |
_ |
_ _ |
1 1 |
1 1 |
1 1 |
1 1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
Network Silva Mediterranea Network Silva Mediterranea | ||
Tetraclinis articulata |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
||||||
8. SOUTH AND EAST ASIA EXCL. CHINA AND INDIA |
|||||||||||||
Acacia spp. |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Fast growing spp. for pulp and general utility. New hybrids developed against "heart rot" | |||
Azadirachta spp. |
_ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
A. indica: Int. PVT in progress. A. excelsa: High quality timber spp |
Dipterocarp spp. |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Quality timber for construction and furniture. Important for ASEAN Region. | |
Eucalyptus spp. |
_ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
Int. PVT in progress. Hybrids now available. More new trials with hybrid needed |
Mahogany spp. |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Quality timber. Proposed for ASEAN Region | ||
Tectona grandis |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Important high quality timber | ||
9. NORTH, NORTH-EAST AND CENTRAL ASIA, INCL. CHINA , DEM. PEOPLE'S REP. OF KOREA, INDIA, JAPAN, MONGOLIA AND REP. OF KOREA |
|||||||||||||
Acacia spp. |
_ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Exotic, PVT in China |
Acacia catechu |
_ |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|||||
Acacia nilotica |
_ |
_ |
_ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
||
Acacia tortilis |
_ |
_ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
||||||||
Albizia procera |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
||
Azadirachta indica |
_ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Bamboo (Bambusa, Dendrocalamus, Phyllostachys spp.) |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|||
Rattans |
_ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
|||||
Castanopsis histrix |
_ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Subtropical species, evergreen, fast growing, for valuable timber |
Casuarina equisetifolia |
_ |
_ |
_ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|||
Cedrus deodara |
_ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
M. Himalayas indigenous |
Chamacyparis obtusa |
_ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PVT/PGT in Japan |
Dalbergia sissoo |
_ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
|
Eucalyptus spp. (China) |
_ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Exotic, PVT in China |
Eucalyptus spp. (India) |
_ |
_ |
_ |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
||||
Haloxylon ammodendron |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Important for dune stabilization in temperate desert zone | ||||
Larix leptolepsis |
_ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Native to Japan, Exotic to China and Korea. PVT/PGT and SO established |
Pinus caribaea |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Var. caribaea, var. bahamensis PVT/PGT in China | |||||
Pinus massoniana |
_ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Clonal seed orchards in China. Cross breeding with P. densiflora in Japan |
Pinus roxburghii |
_ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
||
Pinus yunnanensis |
_ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PVT and SO ongoing |
Populus spp. (China) |
_ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Indigenous and introduced |
Populus ciliata |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|||
Populus euphratica |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
||
10. AFRICA |
|||||||||||||
Acacia senegal |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
Threatened and E at Population and species/provenance levels | |
Adansonia digitata |
_ |
_ |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
E at population level | |||
Balanites aegyptiaca |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
Vegetable oil | ||||
Borassus spp. |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
Used for construction and crafts | ||||
Dalbergia melanoxylon |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
(E) | |||
Faidherbia albida |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
Agroforestry/Soil improvement work by ICRAF and countries in the region | |||
Juniperus procera |
_ |
_ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
(E) some provenances | ||||||
Khaya spp. |
_ |
_ |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
Over exploited in the region | ||
Khaya senegalensis |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Selection for resistance to shoot borer. Seed collections initiated | ||||
Milicia excelsa |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
Selection for resistance to shoot borer. Over exploited and (E) at species level | |||
Parkia biglobosa |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Genetic studies, provenances, trials | |||||||
Prunus africana |
_ |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
(E) Recalcitrant seed. Field gene bank by countries and ICRAF | ||
Pterocarpus angolensis |
_ |
_ |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
Threatened. Over exploited. Slow growing. Prone to fire | ||
Pterocarpus erinaceus |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Forage plant. Highly commercially exploited. | |||||||
Sclerocarya birrea |
_ |
_ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
Recalcitrant seed. Field trials by countries and with ICRAF collaboration in E/SA region | ||
Tamarindus indica |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Threatened. Over exploited. Genetic diversity studies initiated in Kenya | |||
Vitellaria paradoxa |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Juice, chocolate, cosmetics, edible vegetable oil. | |||||||
Warburgia spp. |
_ |
_ |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
Seed recalcitrant, seed supply problem, seed collections in progress, seed storage studies for W. ugandensis in progress | |||
11. AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND |
|||||||||||||
Acacia mangium |
_ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
Pinus radiata |
_ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Spain, South Africa. Pitch canker threat to natural stands |
12.PAPUA NEW GUINEA AND PACIFIC ISLANDS |
|||||||||||||
Santalum spp. |
_ |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
SPRIG priority | |||||||
Swietenia macrophylla |
_ |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
SPRIG priority |
22 2. A more elaborated priority setting process, used to draw lists for the Pacific Islands is described in Appendix 7