CHAPTER 2: TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC PROGRAMMES

(All amounts in US$ 000)

Major Programme 2.1: Agricultural Production and Support Systems

(All amounts in US$ 000)

Main Substantive Thrusts and Priorities

158. Major Programme 2.1 is to address the tremendous challenge for agriculture over the medium to longer term, i.e. to satisfy increasing and diversified demands for food and other products - thereby reducing the number of vulnerable and undernourished people and improving rural livelihoods - while conserving natural resources and ensuring food quality and safety of new technologies. This entails a prime focus on new technologies and approaches, aiming at increased productivity of land, water and labour, applications of biotechnology, sustainable use of genetic resources, livelihoods diversification and enterprise development. These should provide the basis for future sustained increases in food production to meet projected demand beyond the medium term.

159. The five constituent programmes cover natural resources, crops, livestock, agricultural support systems and applications of isotopes and biotechnology, complemented by five intra-departmental entities to address cross-cutting issues. In the Medium Term Plan (MTP) 2004-09, about one-quarter of the planned major outputs are to contribute to Strategic Objective C2 on technology to sustainably intensify production systems, while due emphasis is also given to activities linked to D1 on integrated management of land, water and genetic resources. Through its multifaceted and increasing involvement with the regulatory, protection, information and decision-support dimensions of agricultural development, and through the provision of a neutral forum for policy debate and negotiations, the major programme provides important contributions to Strategic Objectives A3, B1, B2, C1 and E1. Entities on enhancing small farmer livelihoods, and the role of livestock in poverty alleviation, make significant contributions to Strategic Objective A1.

160. Overall priority is given to those areas that have attracted consistently strong support from Members, in the first instance standard setting and further development of the information system of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), and for the Joint Meetings on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) of Codex. High priority is also given to EMPRES¹¹ and to biennial meetings of the CGRFA¹² acting as Interim Committee for the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (IT-PGRFA). Other priority areas are land and water management including conservation agriculture, sustainable use of genetic resources, food and feed safety, the Programme Against African Trypanosomiasis (PAAT), the code of conduct on pesticides, production diversification with emphasis on horticulture, and good agricultural and manufacturing practices for food quality and safety in the food chain.

Changes in resources

161. Among the intra-departmental entities, there is a net increase in resources (US$ 72,000) for the CGRFA acting as the Interim Committee for the IT-PGRFA (210P1), although, as indicated in the MTP 2004-09, it will continue to depend on extra-budgetary resources to meet anticipated needs for the biennium. The various collaborating units have allocated additional resources for work on conservation agriculture (210A2). Pilot activities on sustainable intensification of integrated production systems (210A1) are reduced if compared with the MTP 2004-09, and will rely more on partnerships with local and regional initiatives.

162. Under Programme 2.1.1: Natural Resources, the water component will give emphasis to improved irrigation and water management technologies, efficient water management and related water resources policy and institutional reform (211A1). The land component (211A2) will address soil productivity improvement and sustainable land use through integrated plant nutrient management and soil fertility enhancement, soil management and conservation technologies and policies for land use options. Work on land and water quality management is moved from entities 211A1 and 211A3, to the new entity 211A5 and somewhat reduced. Support to the application of integrated water and land methodologies for better resource management will take place primarily through the field programme, SPFS¹³ and emergency and rehabilitation operations.

163. The Regular Programme contribution to IPTRID under entity 211S2, will catalyze a substantial amount of voluntary contributions to support the activities of this multi-partner initiative. The AGL division also expects extra-budgetary resources through GEF to support its work under entities 211A1 and 211A2, including on Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands, and on Globally Important Indigenous Agricultural Heritage Systems.

164. The crops programme contemplates additional resources for entity 212P1 for IPPC (US$ 2,000,000) and to entity 212P2 for JMPR¹⁴ (US$ 550,000) and the code of conduct on pesticides. The implementation of the Global Plan of Action (GPA) on PGRFA is given more emphasis through new entity 212A9 with additional resources, replacing entity 212A7 on seed production and security. The apparent reduction under 212P4 (technical support to the IT-PGRFA) is due to a shift to field programme technical services under 212S1. The programme will seek to strengthen the EMPRES plant pest component in Western Africa and to launch new activities in Central Asia, but will not be able to extend work beyond locusts to other migratory and transboundary pests (212A4). To accommodate the above increased emphases, it is possible to capitalise on now well-established database management systems (212A8) and to reduce work on under-utilised crops (212A3) including abolition of a post on cropping systems.

165. The AGP division expects a number of donors to support work under 212A5 (the Global IPM Facility), entity 212A9 and 212P2, in the latter case in particular for the implementation of the Rotterdam Convention and work on obsolete pesticides. Donors are also likely to support work on the implementation of the Global Plan of Action on Plant Genetic Resources and the preparation of global assessment reports under entity 212P4, while the usual extra-budgetary contributions will be made to the locust commissions under entity 212P3 (Migratory Pest Management).

166. The livestock programme is to strengthen - with extra-budgetary support - work on livestock information, sector analysis and policy dimensions. Within the ongoing eight programme entities, special attention is given to: transboundary animal disease control (213A7 - EMPRES-Livestock); veterinary public health, food and feed safety and zoonoses (213A6); environmental management of insect-borne diseases, including PAAT (213A9); and good practices for sustainable resource use in both intensifying and extending animal production systems, including consideration of animal welfare issues (within 213A8). It will be important to assist countries, primarily using extra-budgetary funds, in the preparation of the First Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources and in the definition of priority actions for improved utilisation and conservation of these resources.

167. Several entities under the livestock programme are expected to benefit from additional resources made available under various strategic partnership agreements with several donors to support the normative activities of the Organization. These are in particular: 213A3 (Contribution of Livestock to Poverty Alleviation), 213B1 (Livestock Sector Analysis and Strategy Development), and 213P1(Global Livestock Information System and Knowledge Framework) which benefit from the DfID¹⁵ funded Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Facility. Entity 213A5 (Developing the Global Strategy for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources) is receiving support through the FAO-Netherlands Partnership Programme. Negotiations with the Swiss government are underway for extra-budgetary support for a BSC surveillance programme under 213A6 (Veterinary Public Health Management Food and Feed Safety), while this entity also receives considerable US and EC support in the Caribbean region for the tropical bont tick eradication project. Entity 213A7 (EMPRES - Livestock) is likely to receive support through the FAO Trust Fund for Food Security. In addition, the EC continues to provide substantial support in the context of the activities of the European Commission for Foot and Mouth Disease (EUFMD) in Europe and surrounding areas. Entity 213A8 (Technologies and Systems for Efficient Natural Resource Use in Livestock Production), as well as 213B1 (Livestock Sector Analysis and Strategy Development) are supported by a consortium of donors, led by the Danish government, in the context of the Livestock Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative.

168. Under Programme 2.1.4, the main changes include the conversion of technical project (TP) 214A5 to a continuing programme activity (CP) 214P2 - Agricultural Services - Data and Information Systems with reduced resources, and the establishment of a new TP 214A9 on Enhancing Food Quality and Safety by Strengthening Handling, Processing and Marketing in the Food Chain. Due to planned phasing out of work in the medium term, resource allocations to 214A2 - Meeting Urban Food Needs are being reduced.

169. While not foreseen in the MTP 2004-09, several entities under Programme 2.1.4 are expected to benefit from extra-budgetary resources made available by various donor agencies. These are for enhancing commercial and support services to small scale farmers in rural financial services and agricultural marketing systems under 214A3, the development of sericulture activities in 214A1 and 214A4, livelihoods diversification in 214A1, and small and medium scale agro-enterprises in 214A3 and 214A4.

170. The programme on agricultural applications of isotopes and biotechnology, implemented by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division in Vienna, will downsize its work on agro-forestry, tissue culture and procedures for mutation induction. With respect to livestock, resources will be targeted to molecular methodologies, and to aspects of veterinary public health, in particular methods for diagnosis and surveillance of zoonotic infections and veterinary drug residues detection (215A2). Increased resources are also directed at PAAT in support of PATTEC¹⁶, while resources for work on screwworms are reduced. Work on food irradiation will be restricted to provision of science-based information, while development and transfer of methods for end product testing for food contaminants is phased out, giving way to the development of systems for using analytical results in refining good agricultural practices and tracing back non compliant products (215P1).

Intra-departmental Entities

(All amounts in US$ 000)

210A1 - Sustainable Intensification of Integrated Production Systems

Objective

Foster and support coordinated action at selected SPFS pilot sites in various regions and exchange of information and lessons, in order to test, demonstrate and promote integrated production systems.

Biennial Outputs

• Electronic information forum and clearing-house for stakeholders to collect and share information on integrated production systems and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)
• Farmer-participatory pilot site, established through the SPFS, for study and demonstration of horizontal and vertical integration of production and post-harvest systems
• Dissemination of results of horizontal and vertical integration of production and post-harvest systems through local and national meetings and workshops in collaboration with partners
• Appraisal of farming systems resource management, productivity and profitability in PRODS pilot sites
• Analyses of intensification patterns and dynamics in important major farming systems for identification of differentiated development pathways and strategies
• Synthesis and dissemination of information on the economics of intensified production systems (Reduced in ZRG)
• Global information portal on Good Agricultural Practices
• Guidelines on good agricultural practices for selected crops and livestock in different agro-ecosystems
• National and regional capacity building for the implementation of good agricultural practices in different agro-ecosystems in collaboration with partners in the public and private sectors and CSOs

210A2 - Promotion of Conservation Agriculture

Objective

A process for participatory development of sustainable agricultural production methods following the Conservation Agriculture (CA) concept is firmly established within a defined region, leading to a progressive increase in the number of governments, projects and farmers using and promoting CA.

Biennial Outputs

• Information and training material on tools and equipment for Conservation Agriculture
• Support for regional training, networks, workshops and pilot sites for Conservation Agriculture
• Regional workshops/training courses in West Africa and Central Asia on cropping systems development for conservation agriculture
• Country study case in Asia and/or Africa on successful adoption of appropriate cropping systems in conservation agriculture
• Support to the Eurasian Conservation Agriculture Network (ECAN) and the South Asian Conservation Agriculture Network (SACAN)
• Publication and training manual on "Progress in Conservation Agriculture in Central Asia"
• Guidelines, training materials, workshops and support to networks on soil and moisture conservation in production systems
• Piloting, adapting and evaluating impact of better soil and water management at farm level (two countries in North Africa and Near East)
• On-line knowledge base (Web Page) on soil moisture conservation in production systems
• Framework for monitoring soil water regime and assessing the effects of Conservation Agriculture practices on the water and structure dynamics of soil
• E-mail conference on soil moisture assessment
• Information and Guidance on the contribution of livestock to the achievement of Conservation Agriculture practices
• Validated and refined models of nutrient and water dynamics in conservation agriculture
• Validated and refined models of carbon sequestration and soil erosion in conservation agriculture

210P1 - Secretariat of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA)

Objective

Negotiation, implementation and management of national and international policy and regulatory frameworks, intergovernmental agreements and codes of conduct for the conservation and sustainable utilisation of GRFA. Appropriate orientation given to FAO's work on GRFA, and inclusion of related ethical considerations in FAO's work.

Biennial Outputs

• One regular session of the Commission and support to its Intergovernmental Technical Working Groups (ITWGs) on Animal and on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
• Pending the entry into force of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, support to the CGRFA as Interim Committee, with activities funded by extra-budgetary resources, and meetings as required (Reduced in ZRG)
• Coordination with relevant international processes
• Meeting of the Panel of Eminent Experts on Ethics in Food and Agriculture, and two publications, with additional outputs subject to extra-budgetary resources becoming available

210S1 - Committee on Agriculture (COAG)

Objective

Technical appraisal made of relevant programmes and specific matters related to food and agriculture and subsequent recommendations to Council.

Biennial Outputs

• Planning and organization of 18th session of COAG

210S2 - Technical Services for Partnership Development and Information Enhancement

Objective

Agricultural aspects integrated into relevant cross-cutting initiatives and partnerships through coordinated contributions by AG units. Improved understanding of agricultural issues and solutions through information products and messages.

Biennial Outputs

• Coordinated contributions to work on SARD as relates to Agenda 21 of UNCED, and to the agriculture component of WEHAB (Water, Energy, Health, Agriculture, Biodiversity), in follow-up to the WSSD
• Coordinated contributions to global perspective studies
• Coordinated inputs to CBD and other partnership agreements
• Publications and communications planning and management services to divisions to improve editorial quality, presentation and targeting of publications and associated messages (Reduced in ZRG)
• AG Department web site "Agriculture 21" and related advocacy material produced and coordinated with divisional web pages (Reduced in ZRG)
• Liaison with Regional Office groups, as well as organization and report on biennial meeting of AG technical department group leaders

210S5 - Central Support to PAIAs

Objective

FAO programmes as a whole reflect a synergistic and better co-ordinated approach to development assistance in particular in the areas noted as Priority Areas for Interdisciplinary Action (PAIAs).

Biennial Outputs

• Catalytic contributions to support effective implementation of PAIAs
• Interdisciplinary support for organization of a conference on sustainable development in the Small Island Developing States

Programme 2.1.1: Natural Resources

(All amounts in US$ 000)

211A1 - Agricultural Water Use Efficiency and Conservation

Objective

Availability of technologies for efficient use and conservation of water; participatory, equitable and effective water management; improved irrigation policy and related institutional reforms.

Biennial Outputs

• Updated guidelines, training materials, regional seminars and support to networks for on-farm Water Control Techniques and Integrated Water Resources Management
• Guidelines on Crop Water Productivity, including supplementary irrigation and biotechnology applications, plus advisory services for greater private sector participation in irrigation management (Reduced in ZRG)
• Development of water resources and irrigation technologies, including water harvesting and groundwater management (Reduced in ZRG)
• Guidelines and manual produced for irrigation system modernization, management and scheduling
• Irrigation sector and system evaluations, as a basis for restructuring and capacity building
• Promotion of appropriate irrigation policies, including demand management and market analysis in irrigated agriculture
• Assistance for transboundary river basin management and conflict avoidance (Eliminated in ZRG)

211A2 - Land and Soil Productivity

Objective

In the framework of the post-UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) conventions and the land management cluster of UNCED Agenda 21, test and disseminate improved land, fertility and moisture management options and support the rehabilitation of degraded land in different ago-ecological zones.

Biennial Outputs

• Support to national soil fertility/productivity improvement programmes, including methodologies, case studies, conferences and training in integrated plant nutrient management (Reduced in ZRG)
• Methodologies for land degradation assessment, its mitigation, conservation and rehabilitation for degraded and problem soils, linked to LADA, SPFS and SFI (Reduced in ZRG)
• Specific tools and models prepared for land resources use and planning (including carbon sequestration)
• Support to national action programmes on conservation agriculture strategies and techniques

211A3 - Integrated Land, Water and Plant Nutrition Policies, Planning and Management

Objective

To promote integrated, multi-disciplinary and multi-stakeholder approaches to the development and sustainable management of land and water resources.

Biennial Outputs

• Guidance on integrated wetland development and management, manuals and training, including decision support for water and nutrient management
• Support to integrated land and water use policies and analyses for aspects of watershed management, including measures for drought and flood mitigation
• Programme development for drought mitigation in Southern Africa
• Global indicators produced for sustainable land development
• Guidelines on land resource planning, use and policy
• Issues papers on actions on integrated planning and management of land, water and nutrient resources

211A5 - Land and Water Quality Improvement

Objective

Improved production systems and methods put in place to mitigate environmental effects from poor water quality and natural disasters; improved drainage systems and irrigation schemes, and enhanced quality of treated wastewater used in peri-urban irrigation.

Biennial Outputs

• Guidelines and case studies on drainage, safe use of treated wastewater and health aspects of irrigation (Reduced in ZRG)
• Proposals formulated for improved agricultural water management and for reducing and reclaiming affected areas
• Guidelines on management of natural disasters, with emphasis on drought and floods

211P7 - Land and Water Information Systems, Databases and Statistics

Objective

Better managed land and water resources through information systems for monitoring, and increased awareness among decision makers about the global status of such resources.

Biennial Outputs

• Support provided to capacity building of national land and water information systems, including web-based AEZ
• Databases for land resources and land use (SOTER, Terrastat, WOCAT and Global AEZ)
• Various software tools provided for country information updating on AQUASTAT, water and agriculture, water monitoring
• Water section of the State of the World Land and Water Resources (SWLWR) report
• Land and Plant Nutrition Sections of State of the World Land and Water Resources (SWLWR) report

211P8 - Knowledge Management and Partnerships

Objective

Better informed decision making at the international, national and local levels; enhanced awareness of issues and actions related to land and water management and conservation.

Biennial Outputs

• Web-based information centre and regional perspective studies at global and regional levels on land and water issues
• Regular updating of knowledge base

211S1 - Direct Support to Member Nations and to the Field Programme

Objective

The entity includes all activities related to FAO's function as a reference centre on all key issues in land and water. The state of the art in key areas of land and water use will be synthesised and relevant information will be made accessible through the Internet. The entity also includes services to international conventions and partnership arrangements such as the CSD and the Global Water Partnership.

Biennial Outputs

• Direct support to Member Countries (Reduced in ZRG)
• Support on demand for emergency and relief activities (Reduced in ZRG)
• Ongoing support to the development and backstopping of the Field Programme, including SPFS (Reduced in ZRG)

211S2 - International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID)

Objective

Comprehensive information collection, analyses, technology and information transfer.

Biennial Outputs

• Support to the formulation of strategies and programmes
• Contributions to the identification, formulation and implementation of projects
• Materials prepared and fed into the IPTRID integrated information system

Programme 2.1.2: Crops

(All amounts in US$ 000)

212A1 - Alternative Crops and Cultivars for New Opportunities

Objective

Broadening of the extension services syllabus and expertise in alternative food and cash crops and cultivars, and increased areas planted with such crops (crop diversification) in targeted eco-zones.

Biennial Outputs

• Newsletters to fill knowledge gaps in under-utilised crops
• Ecocrop (crop/environment data base) updated with more species and searchable fields and CD-ROMs produced
• Meeting reports on under-utilised species such as the GFAR Global Facilitation Unit for under-utilised crops
• Published descriptions of good practices for marketing such as organic production of medicinal plants
• Hortivar system expanded to cover more species, cultivars and IPP information
• Capacity building and guidelines on efficient propagation systems for healthy planting material of improved horticultural cultivars
• Continued technology expansion of cold-tolerant oil palm in Africa and new drought and saline-tolerant sweet sorghum globally
• Electronic dissemination of information on new cultivars
• Advisory services and capacity building to promote various horticultural and fruit crops with comparative advantage in accordance with the agro-ecological environment and socio-economic context, including formulation of national sector development plans
• Technical guidelines on norms and standards for cost effective greenhouse technology in accordance with the crop requirements and environmental conditions
• Exchange of information and capacity building on Integrated Production and Protection (IPP) management aiming at high quality and safe horticulture produce in line with international regulations
• Assessment of crop diversification options to establish comparative advantages for new market opportunities
• Capacity building for growers to become acquainted with crop protocols and record keeping for traceability as an essential component of successful marketing strategy

212A3 - Strategies and Technologies for Sustainable Crop and Grassland Production Systems

Objective

Strategies adopted, and technologies tested and disseminated for sustainable crops and grassland production and protection systems.

Biennial Outputs

• Guidelines for curriculum development on home gardens in agricultural higher education
• Support to networking and capacity-building on homestead horticulture for improved livelihoods
• School garden programme technical support service/kit
• Support to the Tropical Asian Maize Network (TAMNET) and to rice-wheat systems in South Asia
• Capacity building on breeding programmes in difficult environments and on participatory plant breeding, to complement and strengthen national programmes
• Publications on sustainable cereal production and mixed perennial/annual/animal systems
• Models for improvement of farmers' knowledge on integrated crop management through Field Schools and on-farm demonstrations linked to the SPFS and related PAIAs
• Studies and training workshops on symbiotic mushroom species (mycorrhizae) association for improving horticultural cropping system productivity
• Participatory capacity-building on rational fruit crop management practices
• Case studies and publications on different grassland ecosystems and biodiversity dynamics
• Guidelines on management of grasslands in degraded environments, including development of national and regional policies and projects
• Promotion of traditional systems of maintenance and use of local grassland genetic resources
• Networking on food and feed resources from grasslands in difficult ecologies
• Fodder crop networks including fodder oats in mountainous areas of temperate Asia
• Knowledge base on forage conservation, and dissemination of information in various formats
• Publications on grasslands, legumes, crop/pasture systems and grassland issues
• Support to sustainable and low energy management of pastures in high potential areas, including irrigated areas
• Improved statistical information on world/country grassland and fodder crop areas and production
• Knowledge base on the integrated development and use of cassava and its by-products and publications on cassava issues
• Advisory services for the formulation of national, sub-regional and regional projects in support of cassava development strategy, including food supply to urban areas
• In cooperation with IITA, assistance to member countries in the identification and rapid propagation of pest and disease resistant planting material of cassava
• Guidelines and professional capacity building for the implementation of Integrated Production and Protection (IPP) management of horticulture crops in open field and under protected cultivation
• Capacity building workshops and projects on sound cultivation practices for useful saprophytic mushroom species
• Studies, guidelines and factsheets on sustainability of organic agriculture/horticulture management systems
• Series of stakeholder consultations to develop G.A.P. protocols for key horticultural commodities
• Integration of UPA in agriculture development plans as a component of the overall strategy for improved food and nutrition security, and related capacity building
• Identification and demonstration of adapted crops and production technologies including micro garden systems adapted to urban and peri-urban environments

212A4 - EMPRES - Plant Pests Component

Objective

To minimise the risk of transboundary plant pest emergencies, initially focusing on desert locusts, through support of early warning systems, early reaction and research capabilities.

Biennial Outputs

• Assistance to desert locust affected countries in the Central, Western and Eastern (South West Asia) regions, including coordination meetings with relevant stakeholders and annual planning documents
• Support to effective early warning systems in desert locust affected countries, including new and improved technologies involving remote sensing, electronic data transmission, global positioning systems, and good survey practices
• Support to national locust control capacities through improved contingency planning, training, provision of equipment and operating resources and the field testing of new, more environmentally friendly control techniques
• Improved desert locust emergency prevention strategies and support to inter-country cooperation on improved early warning and control of other locust species

212A5 - "Mainstreaming IPM" by Enhancing Essential Ecological Processes

Objective

IPM becomes, before 2012, the preferred pest management strategy for the majority of member countries, with the farmers field schools becoming the leading model for community-based participatory technology development.

Biennial Outputs

• Case studies of IPM implementation that reduces risks to farmers and consumers, strengthens local and national policy making, including export opportunities under IPPC, WTO and interregional trade arrangements
• Technical guidelines and training of national personnel for risk analysis and management of herbicide resistant crops and studies on the impact of herbicide resistant crops
• Technical guidelines for national IPM programmes to adopt ecological concepts in training programmes
• Case studies on successful applications of IPM at local levels linked across communities and also disseminated to national policy makers
• Operational network among national IPM field programmes
• Guidance to emergency, SPFS and other project activities to ensure sustainable rehabilitation
• Support to expanding national/local IPM programmes, especially in countries covered by the SPFS that sustainably identify, analyze, enhance essential ecological processes through local decision making linked to enabling policy/institutional changes (Eliminated in ZRG)
• Technical inputs into environmental analysis of new, including biotechnological, and alternative plant protection options
• Technical guidelines on pest population dynamics and pathosystem management (Eliminated in ZRG)

212A8 - Facilitating Plant Production and Protection Decision Making

Objective

Extension systems ensuring demand-oriented, collaborative and timely delivery of technical advice and planting material, with improved quantity, quality and relevance of technical information and reduced transaction costs during information collection and dissemination.

Biennial Outputs

• Further strategic partnerships developed with data providers (institutions and individual scientists)
• Inter-departmental in house collaboration and interfaces with FAO systems
• Technical information related to phytosanitary issues and EcoPort tested as a tool for knowledge transfer in field projects (FFS/IPM)
• Regional/country training courses
• Crop and grassland databases and information
• Publications drawing on crop and grassland databases and information
• Interactive websites on crop and grassland programmes and projects
• Assessment of the overall need for developing biotechnology-based applications
• Provision of guidance for increased efficiency of plant breeding programmes in selected developing countries

212A9 - Conservation and Sustainable Use of Plant Genetic Resources, including through Biotechnology, and Seed Sector Development

Objective

Wide dissemination and use, as well as conservation of plant genetic resources and related biodiversity, through strengthening of the seed sector and plant breeding capacities at national level, and effective implementation of the GPA for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of PGRFA.

Biennial Outputs

• Assessment of national capacity to perform plant breeding activities (Reduced in ZRG)
• Publications on sustainable use of PGRFA including guidelines on resource allocation and policy formulation
• An annotated "road map" (decision-support "tool box") on biotechnology- related matters (Reduced in ZRG)
• Policy advice and technical assistance on the use of PGRFA, in particular, plant breeding- and biotechnology-matters
• Training courses on PGRFA, including biotechnology and base-broadening methodologies
• Case studies on conservation and use of crop and crop associated biodiversity to sustain agricultural productivity and enhance livelihoods
• Development of indicators for the management of PGRFA and related components of agricultural biodiversity, in support of the CBD (Reduced in ZRG)
• Training and guidelines to promote complementarity between the private, public and informal seed sectors
• Analyses of, and advice to countries on: access and benefit sharing; variety release and seed certification and other policy aspects
• Support to the implementation of the CBD programme of work on agricultural biodiversity
• Methodologies, technical guidance notes, and illustrative case studies on approaches such as seed fairs, farmer field schools, voucher schemes, participatory methods in seed technology, and community-based enterprises
• Analyses of seed systems, their resilience and role in crisis situations, including emergency response measures consistent with long-term seed security and inventories of locally-adapted crop varieties commonly grown in disaster-prone regions
• Case studies on access to and the role of technologies, including biotechnologies, for the conservation and use of PGRFA, including socio-economic aspects, proprietary status, market opportunities and other policy dimensions

212P1 - Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)

Objective

Promote appropriate regulatory frameworks and effective national and international phytosanitary measures for the control of plant pests.

Biennial Outputs

• Standard setting (at least 8 by biennium) through expert working groups to develop draft standards, and through organization of 2 meetings of the Interim Commission on phytosanitary measures and 4 meetings of the Standard Committee (Reduced in ZRG)
• Secretariat Services to IPPC (Reduced in ZRG)
• Support/meetings of regional plant protection organizations (Asia/Pacific Plant Protection Commission and Caribbean Plant Protection Commission), including support for development of regional phytosanitary standards. Five to 7 Annual consultations on draft standards in regions/sub-regions (Reduced in ZRG)
• Cooperation with WTO, CBD, WHO, World Bank, Codex Alimentarius and OIE on policies, harmonization of information exchange and capacity building
• Cooperation with Regional Plant Protection Organizations
• Internet Phytosanitary "Portal"(IPP) to exchange official information as identified in the IPPC, as a component of a Portal on food safety/animal/plant health, including national and regional training courses to encourage participation (Reduced in ZRG)
• Assistance to national contact points to access the IPP (Reduced in ZRG)
• Initiation of a regional phytosanitary information system for the Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Agreement
• Assistance to countries to strengthen their national phytosanitary services where possible through an integrated approach with animal health and food safety services

212P2 - Pesticide Management

Objective

Sound and safe pesticide management practices in compliance with international standards.

Biennial Outputs

• Guidelines supporting the Revised Version of the International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides
• Strengthened regional harmonization on pesticide registration in two sub-regions
• Standards on pesticide quality (together with WHO)
• Substantial increase in the number of recommendations for Maximum Residue Levels to the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues (together with WHO). Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) (Reduced in ZRG)
• Innovative JMPR system that can provide much larger number of MRL recommendations to Codex (Eliminated in ZRG)
• Meetings of the Conference of Parties of the Rotterdam Convention and its subsidiary bodies
• Through provision of Secretariat of the Rotterdam Convention ( together with UNEP): addition of chemicals to Prior Informed Consent Procedure and mandated information exchange required to implement PIC procedure
• Training workshops on the implementation of the Convention
• Stakeholder meetings to facilitate pesticide disposal
• Technical advice to countries on pesticides and on obsolete pesticides in particular including monitoring of disposal operations
• Training workshops for replacing ozone-depletion pesticides
• Promotion of alternatives to POP pesticides in two regions
• Guidance on the identification of deficiencies in national pesticide control programmes, coupled with technical assistance to countries on the implementation of pesticide management
• Mainstreaming of good pesticide procurement practices in development programmes

212P3 - Migratory Pest Management

Objective

Regional and inter-regional cooperation and coordination for the management of migratory pests, in particular desert locusts, but also other locusts, grain-eating birds and armyworms.

Biennial Outputs

• Monthly bulletins including forecasts, special alerts and summaries on the desert locust situation and other locust outbreaks, using satellite imagery
• Guidelines and methodologies on desert locust control
• Desert locust database especially the RAMSES system (Development of Reconnaissance and Management System of the Environment of Schistocerca) in Saudi Arabia, Morocco, India
• Installation of the rapid transmission system (eLocust) in 4 countries of Western Africa(Mali/Chad/Niger/Senegal), and 3 countries of the Central Region (Djibuti/Eritrea/Oman)
• Policy and technical decisions on improved desert locust management, research priorities and inter-country programmes
• Secretariat to the Desert Locust Control Committee, including meeting of the Committee and its technical group and the pesticide reference group
• Secretariat to the three Regional Desert Locust Commissions, including meetings of the Locust Commissions
• Technical support to national migratory pest projects and supervision of FAO-led migratory pest emergency operations

212P4 - Technical Support to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

Objective

To assist parties in implementing the Treaty and its supporting components (the Global Plan of Action, international ex situ collections, PGRFA networks, and the global information system), hence contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA, facilitated access to these resources and the sharing of benefits derived from their use.

Biennial Outputs

• Thematic studies on, and indicators for, genetic diversity erosion and/or vulnerability feeding into preparations of the second report on the State of the World's PGRFA
• Facilitating mechanism to assist countries in the implementation of the Global Plan of Action (GPA) for the conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA (Reduced in ZRG)
• Technical and operational support to the International Network of ex situ collections under the auspices of FAO, including the negotiation of new agreements with institutions and countries
• Updated country-driven assessments of state of plant genetic resources
• World Information and Early Warning System (WIEWS) with an integrated Seed Information System (SIS) and an on-line, interactive information system to facilitate the monitoring of the GPA implementation and the assessment of the State of the World's PGRFA
• Preparation of documents and studies as requested by the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA) and its Intergovernmental Working Group on PGRFA

212P5 - Support to Strategy Formulation and Promotion of Specific Action for Rice Development in Member Countries of the International Rice Commission (IRC)

Objective

Adjustment of national rice development programmes, and wide implementation of the Commission's recommendations aimed at increasing rice production on a sustainable and environmentally-friendly basis.

Biennial Outputs

• Preparations for 21st Session of the International Rice Commission (to be held in Peru in March 2006)
• Coordination of rice activities among FAO technical units and support to the inter-regional cooperative Network on rice production systems
• Implementation of the Commission's recommendations on hybrid rice, rice integrated crop management (Rice Check) and NERICA rice
• Dissemination of information on technological innovations, issues, constraints and opportunities of various rice production agro-ecosystems, and capacity building
• Harmonization and facilitation of the implementation of the IYR at all levels
• Technical support for the formulation of national strategies and programmes for sustainable rice production within member countries.
• Increase in knowledge and provision of information on the key issues regarding sustainable rice production.

212S1 - Advice to Countries and Support to Field Programme

Objective

Technical advice and backstopping to strengthen the crop sector.

Biennial Outputs

• Support to national development programmes, including projects under the SPFS and other field projects, under the broad range of disciplines, including seeds, addressed by the crops programme
• Support to emergency and relief activities

Programme 2.1.3: Livestock

(All amounts in US$ 000)

213A3 - Contribution of Livestock to Poverty Alleviation

Objective

Improved techniques for livestock husbandry and health, animal product processing and market access used in programmes aiming at poor farm households; national poverty reduction strategies increasingly addressing potential improvements in small-scale animal husbandry.

Biennial Outputs

• The Livestock Development Report - an updated series of analyses, case studies, strategies and best management practices. (Reduced in ZRG)
• Guidelines to assist countries in coping with natural and man-made disasters affecting domestic livestock and to alleviate the impact of the HIV Aids pandemic
• An interactive forum, including international networks, addressing livestock and poverty alleviation issues
• Technical contributions and support to the project GCP/INT/804/UK (Pro-poor Livestock Policy Facility)
• Review and assessment of innovative technologies for value-added milk processing and for reducing post-harvest losses for use by the small-scale dairy sector, both formal and informal (Reduced in ZRG)
• Guidelines and strategies for incorporation of value-added milk and dairy products processing and distribution in poverty reduction (PRSPs) and food security (SPFS) strategies
• Networks on small-scale milk and dairy products processing and marketing for milk producer groups and the small-scale dairy sector
• Guidelines and case studies for empowering communities to gain access to livestock goods and services (Reduced in ZRG)
• Guidelines, case studies and best management practices for the development of the Livestock Farmer Field School approach

213A5 - Developing the Global Strategy for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources

Objective

To improve the management and conservation of farm animal genetic resources at local, country, regional and international levels, including the implementation of priority actions plans and programmes, and the ratification of an international treaty on AnGR.

Biennial Outputs

• Focal points and country networks trained and supported for the preparation of the 1st Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources (SoW-AnGR)
• Issues and priority actions identified for improved utilisation and conservation of AnGR
• Analysis of country reports on the State of the World's AnGR
• Regional syntheses and preparation of regional priority actions for AnGR (Reduced in ZRG)
• Arrangements for global synthesis of regional reports (Reduced in ZRG)
• Dissemination of AnGR monitoring and emergency managing tools and support to policy formulation
• Country data supplemented by technical studies on AnGR and environment interactions, valuation of AnGR and emergency management
• Interregional analysis of impacts of gene migration and trade on AnGR
• Decision support tools for conservation and sustainable use of AnGR
• Documentation and progress reports to the 3rd Session of the Inter-governmental Working Group on AnGR of the CGRFA
• Progress reports on the development of the Global Strategy on the Management of AnGR to the 10th Session of the CGRFA

213A6 - Veterinary Public Health Management and Food and Feed Safety

Objective

National veterinary public health structures are established or strengthened for the control of priority zoonotic diseases.

Biennial Outputs

• Global Information Portal on Veterinary Public Health and Education
• Global and regional networks for prevention, contingency planning and risk assessment of zoonotic diseases and food borne diseases (Reduced in ZRG)
• Guidelines on appropriate control measures and best preventive strategies for zoonotic diseases
• National and regional capacity building for surveillance, diagnostics and control of zoonotic diseases (Reduced in ZRG)
• Guidelines for prudent use of antimicrobials and antiparasitic drugs
• Global information portal on animal source foods and food and feed safety
• Guidelines on safety in the food chain and quality control mechanisms for primary production, animal feed, and the milk and meat industries
• National and regional capacity building for implementation of guidelines for safe animal feeding, milk and meat hygiene (Reduced in ZRG)
• Risk analysis tools and mechanisms developed to ensure biosecurity with respect to animal health and life, public health and the environment

213A7 - EMPRES - Livestock

Objective

Effective national and regional control and eradication strategies and capabilities for transboundary animal diseases, and enhanced emergency planning by member countries to prevent and/or limit the spread of TADs.

Biennial Outputs

• Transboundary Animal Disease Information System (TADinfo) for use at regional, national and sub-national levels (Reduced in ZRG)
• Complete set of manuals for recognition of the major transboundary animal diseases (TADs) available in paper and electronic form and Good Emergency Management guide updated
• Global early warning system for TADs in collaboration with OIE and WHO (Reduced in ZRG)
• Epidemiological data from animal disease emergencies analysed and information on trends disseminated to member countries, including through publication of the EMPRES Bulletin (Reduced in ZRG)
• Computer-based tools for early reaction to, and management of disease outbreaks (Reduced in ZRG)
• Disease specific guidelines for emergency response
• Assistance to member countries with analysis of emergencies and advice on formulating control options (Reduced in ZRG)
• Emergency preparedness planning procedures established and communicated to international fora
• Support to World Reference Laboratories for morbilliviruses, FMD and CBPP
• Diagnostic guidelines for TADs
• Quality-assured primary diagnosis and surveillance techniques transferred to countries (Reduced in ZRG)
• Monitoring mechanism for epidemiologically significant events to detect possible re-emergence and/or spread of rinderpest from known or undetected reservoirs of infection (Reduced in ZRG)
• GREP Technical Consultations to guide progress towards global freedom
• Promotional and technical material for GREP
• Mechanism for technical coordination of national and regional GREP activities (Reduced in ZRG)
• Global framework for the progressive control of FMD and other TADs, established in close collaboration with the OIE (Reduced in ZRG)
• International consultations for the assessment and guidance of EMPRES in TAD control and eradication (Reduced in ZRG)
• CBPP control strategy for Africa through regular international consultations
• Support to regional disease control programmes
• Outcomes of the regular sessions of the EUFMD, its Executive Committee and of the Research Group communicated to stakeholders

213A8 - Technologies and Systems for Efficient Natural Resource Use in Livestock Production

Objective

Policies are implemented to foster livestock development while protecting public health and the environment; national veterinary and livestock services and other grass-root projects promote GAPs for intensive and semi-intensive livestock systems.

Biennial Outputs

• Decision-support tools for the assessment of policy and technology options addressing livestock's role in the deforestation process
• Decision-support tools for the assessment of policy and technology options addressing the role of grazing livestock in the degradation of common property resources
• Decision-support tools for the assessment of policy and technology options addressing the role of industrial livestock production in land and water pollution
• Decision-support tools for the assessment of policy and regulatory options addressing the role of the pharmaceutical industry in the control of animal diseases
• Global information portal on Good Agricultural Practices for livestock
• Guidelines on good agricultural practices for intensive and semi-intensive livestock, including feeding, breeding, production, health and integrated parasite control, product processing and distribution
• National and regional capacity building for the implementation of good agricultural practices for intensive and semi-intensive livestock production and meat and milk processing (Reduced in ZRG)
• National and regional capacity building for the implementation of good agricultural practices for the prevention and control of pesticide parasite resistance and environmental contamination (Reduced in ZRG)
• Strategies and decision support techniques formulated to enhance public and private sector livestock extension and veterinary services
• Strategies and decision support techniques field-tested and validated in private sector livestock extension and veterinary services (Reduced in ZRG)

213A9 - Environmental Management of Insect Borne Diseases

Objective

Adjustments in the production, processing and trade environment, making it safer, cleaner and less conducive to the transmission of insect borne diseases such as trypanosomiasis and screwworm.

Biennial Outputs

• Support to Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis management programmes in the PAAT-PATTEC agreed priority areas in East and West Africa
• Secretariat of PAAT (including statutory bodies, information tools)
• Assessment of disease spread in the "Eurasian Ruminant Street" and related regional capacity building (Reduced in ZRG)
• Analysis of the relationship between climate change, agro-ecology, livestock and disease in Africa, Asia and the Mediterranean Basin and environmental disease management strategies (Reduced in ZRG)

213B1 - Livestock Sector Analysis and Strategy Development

Objective

Enhanced awareness among civil society and decision makers of the hidden costs of livestock revolution, leading to public policy changes in favour of fair livestock farming, and public goods such as equity, public health and the environment.

Biennial Outputs

• Regional Livestock Sector Perspective Study for sub-Saharan Africa (Reduced in ZRG)
• Decision-support tools and methodologies for the assessment of the social and environmental impact of various livestock policy options
• Specific pro-poor livestock policy measures tested in different agro-ecological and socio-economic settings
• Guidelines on policy uptake pathways
• Effective dialogue supported for the integration of environmental and animal health issues, and equity and distributional aspects into national policy formulation and international harmonization

213P1 - Global Livestock Information System and Knowledge Framework

Objective

Improved decision making at local, national, regional and international level with respect to livestock policies and technologies that enhance livelihoods and income opportunities for small-scale livestock producers while at the same time promoting sustainable natural resource use.

Biennial Outputs

• Livestock Knowledge Framework as a comprehensive set of technical information and guidelines on livestock production and health
• AGRIPPA electronic journal and posting of reviews, scientific and extension information in the FAO Document Repository
• Support to regional networks, information systems and websites
• Data and knowledge bases, GIS layers and information dissemination tools on livestock production, disease, animal genetic resources and livestock - poverty, livestock - environment interactions
• Decision support and modelling tools for livestock development planning
• Contribution to the development of a new database for food and agricultural statistics (STAT2000) (livestock component)

213S1 - Advice to Member Countries and Support to the Field Programme

Objective

Stronger, more resilient national livestock sectors.

Biennial Outputs

• Advice to member countries and field programme support (Reduced in ZRG)
• Technical backstopping to projects on animal health and veterinary services development
• Technical backstopping to SPFS on all aspects of livestock development and animal production
• Technical support to emergency and relief operations with regard to animal production and livestock development

Programme 2.1.4: Agricultural Support Systems

(All amounts in US$ 000)

214A1 - Enhancing Small Farmer Livelihoods

Objective

To improve the support provided by public sector and civil society organizations to small farmers, including adjustments in their livelihood strategies, improved farm business management and income generation in the context of agricultural commercialisation and globalisation.

Biennial Outputs

• Materials on strategies and supportive policies for increasing small farmer competitiveness and income opportunities in relation to globalisation and market liberalization
• Guidelines and 'toolkits' for formulation of small farm income and alternative livelihoods programmes
• Materials and workshops on small farmer production for export
• Strategies for enhancing livelihoods of highly vulnerable farm-households, particularly in HIV/AIDS and drought affected areas (Reduced in ZRG)
• Technical, economic and environmental appraisals of new income-generating and value-adding activities at the farm and community level (Reduced in ZRG)
• Promotional booklets on opportunities to increase farm and non-farm income
• Information on farmer opportunities in less favourable economic and environmental situations (Eliminated in ZRG)
• Field guides for extension workers (farmer record keeping, profitability appraisal, risk management) (Reduced in ZRG)
• Regional training strategies and training manuals in farm planning and management (Reduced in ZRG)
• Modules on farm planning, financial management, resource sharing, market analysis and profitability appraisal for farmer groups and farmer field schools
• Guideline on field mechanisation strategies and policies incorporating engineering and economic considerations
• Information and guides on appropriate household level post harvest technologies incorporating engineering and economic considerations
• Review and information materials on farm and rural transport in Asia with particular attention to farm-marketing linkages
• Assessment of performance and impact of rural enterprise development services and farm management advisory services
• Field guides to reinforce marketing, financial and advisory services provision by farmer organizations, cooperatives and other civil society organizations
• Materials on cost-effective provision of complementary support and advisory services

214A2 - Meeting Urban Food Needs

Objective

Government and municipal authorities made aware of the need to improve food supply and distribution systems for urban food security and of possible solutions. Extension staff using techniques and options to promote value-added processing, to reduce post-harvest losses and to increase urban and peri-urban food production.

Biennial Outputs

• Strategies to enhance staple food supplies to urban areas through adequate incentives to local farmers
• Planning guidelines for enhancing rural urban linkages
• Guidelines to address the impacts of modern food distribution systems on small farmers
• Information and training material to sensitize and enhance capacity of local authorities to address urban food security issues
• Workshops to promote action and assist in identifying policies and programmes to help improve access to food by low-income urban households (Reduced in ZRG)
• Guidelines on improved low cost, small scale food processing in urban and peri-urban settings
• Publication on the economics of peri-urban livestock keeping in Africa
• Training material for assessing the profitability and sustainability of urban and peri-urban agriculture (Reduced in ZRG)

214A3 - Sustainable Commercial Provision of Input Supply, Mechanisation, Investment Support and Marketing Services

Objective

Increased choice and supply of inputs for farmers; improved marketing services for farmers; increased competition among suppliers of inputs and services leading to more favourable pricing.

Biennial Outputs

• Guidelines on enhancing the access of producers and processors to domestic and international markets
• Guidelines for addressing constraints affecting private-sector provision of marketing services
• Strategies for fostering appropriate decentralised financial services for small farmers and rural households
• Publication on impact and implementation of farm input marketing liberalization in Africa
• Guidance on policies and strategies for the provision and utilisation of appropriate agricultural mechanisation services and inputs
• Information and guidance on the supply chain (manufacture, distribution and retailing) of farm machinery, tools and equipment
• MicroBanking system standardization, promotion and related training (Reduced in ZRG)
• Knowledge management system for CABFIN (capacity building in rural finance) (Reduced in ZRG)
• Guidelines for rural financial institutions on appraisal of investment and financing proposals
• Training material on term finance products for rural financial institutions
• Support to regional rural finance networks and workshops on rural finance issues (Reduced in ZRG)
• Guidelines for improvement of the provision of commercial marketing services
• Field guides related to government support services in agricultural marketing
• Support to regional agricultural marketing networks and workshops on agricultural marketing issues (Reduced in ZRG)

214A4 - Agribusiness Development Targeted to Small and Medium Post-production Enterprises

Objective

Small and medium scale enterprises and entrepreneurs in member countries have increased capacity and efficiency to offer consumers food and agricultural products through sustainable and profitable agribusiness ventures.

Biennial Outputs

• Handbook for agricultural processors on successful business management
• Training and decision support material on small and medium-scale enterprise management
• Strategies and guidelines for developing agribusiness and post-production extension services
• Practical manuals and training guides on appropriate and profitable technologies and their implementation in small and medium enterprises
• Technical and marketing studies on post-production technologies for non-traditional products including organic foods and products of beneficial insects
• Guidelines on the formation of stakeholder associations in the post-production sector
• Training material to enhance the capacity of farmer associations to be agribusiness intermediaries
• Workshops to promote and develop farm-agribusiness linkage programmes (Reduced in ZRG)
• Study on factors affecting the profitability and competitiveness of small and medium-scale enterprises
• Guidelines on post-production logistical arrangements in order to facilitate developing country export
• Assessment of needs and policy alternatives for improved support of post-production enterprises (Reduced in ZRG)

214A9 - Enhancing Food Quality and Safety by Strengthening Handling, Processing and Marketing in the Food Chain

Objective

Concrete, economically-feasible and environmentally-sound measures taken at the technical level to enhance food quality and safety during handling, processing, packaging, storage, transportation and marketing.

Biennial Outputs

• Studies on priorities for assuring food quality and safety in the handling, processing and marketing food chain (Reduced in ZRG)
• Review and appraisal of methodologies for evaluating problems and improving quality and safety in food chains
• Guidelines and strategies for governments and organizations on feasible and cost-effective management systems for improving food quality, safety and competitiveness in food chains (Reduced in ZRG)
• Assessment and promotion of cost-effective technologies and good practices for improving quality and safety in product handling, processing, packaging, storage, transportation, and marketing

214P2 - Agricultural Services - Data and Information Systems

Objective

Enhanced capacity in countries for data collection, information access, and decision making in agriculture.

Biennial Outputs

• Standards and Codes of Conduct for Agricultural Tools and Machinery (Reduced in ZRG)
• Global Information and Data on Farm Power and Mechanization (Reduced in ZRG)
• New modules for the INPhO Website on food quality and safety for new products and on marketing (Reduced in ZRG)
• Partnership with other relevant institutions in the activities of INPhO on post harvest management and processing
• Coverage of new products in INPhO (organic foods and standards, orphan crops, niche markets, etc.)
• Further development and maintenance of agricultural and rural finance (AgriBank-Stat) database
• Internet information platform for farm and farming systems economics (InFarm)
• Budget data for selected farm enterprises and commodities (Reduced in ZRG)

214S1 - Field Programme Support and Advisory Services to Countries

Objective

Provision of technical advice and backstopping on the provision of efficient and effective support services.

Biennial Outputs

• Field programme support
• Direct advisory services to countries on agricultural management, marketing and rural finance and agricultural mechanization, food and agro-industries
• Technical support and training related to planning, monitoring and evaluation in the SPFS (Reduced in ZRG)
• Technical support relating to provision of services in emergency programmes, particularly in Iraq and Afghanistan (Reduced in ZRG)

Programme 2.1.5: Agricultural Applications of
Isotopes and Biotechnology

(All amounts in US$ 000)

215A1 - Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production Systems through Technologies and Capacity-Building

Objective

Advanced technologies, products and practices for soil, water and nutrients analysis, crop germplasm improvement and risk assessment and management of major trade-related pests, used by National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) and plant protection authorities, and transferred to extension services, NGOs and concerned projects.

Biennial Outputs

• Guidelines for determining C stocks and balance in crop and pasture systems
• Guidelines for determining N fertilizer efficiency and N balance in cropping systems
• Methodologies for determining crop water productivity
• Improved national capacities for pilot-testing and demonstrating integrated soil, water and nutrient management practices
• Protocols for molecular characterisation of mutated genes and plant genetic resources for selection of germplasm (Reduced in ZRG)
• Cellular, molecular biology and induced mutation methodologies for banana improvement
• Database on officially released mutant varieties
• Analysis of the global impact of mutation-derived varieties
• Training on integrating modern biotechnologies in national plant breeding programmes through courses and field projects
• Guidelines for production, handling and shipping of natural enemies
• Guidelines for quality assurance of mass produced and released fruit flies in area-wide intervention programmes (Reduced in ZRG)
• Draft standard on transboundary shipment of sterile insects
• Manual for assessing the economic returns of fruit fly SIT programmes
• Improved national capacities for planning and implementing area-wide SIT projects through courses and field projects

215A2 - Sustainable Intensification of Livestock Production Systems through Technologies and Capacity-building

Objective

Improved livestock productivity and safer livestock products through technologies and strategies that increase feed conversion and reproductive efficiencies and lead to progressive control of major diseases and insect vectors.

Biennial Outputs

• Proceedings of an International Symposium on gene-based technologies for improving animal production and health (Reduced in ZRG)
• Manual on gene-based technologies in animal nutrition and genetics
• Guidelines for Improving Artificial Breeding of Cattle in Africa
• Training on assessing and more efficiently managing feed resources, breeding and local genotypes
• Results from serological surveys in support of GREP (Reduced in ZRG)
• Validated methods for separating vaccinated from naturally infected FMD animals and for assessing the effectiveness of vaccination strategies against Newcastle disease in village poultry
• Manual for sampling and analysis of veterinary drugs in meat and milk
• Advice to the OIE Standards Commission
• Training managing livestock diseases
• Technologies and guidelines for area-wide decision making on tsetse interventions in Africa
• Validated methods for determining mating compatibility and for defining tsetse populations genetically
• Results from international network on screwworm population genetics
• Support to the PAAT and PATTEC
• Institutional capacity building for planning and implementing interventions

215P1 - Capacity Building and Risk Analysis Methodologies for Compliance with Food Safety Standards and Pesticide Control and Strengthened Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures through Irradiation of Food and Agricultural Commodities

Objective

Greater ability of food control laboratories in developing countries to sample and analyse products for residues and contaminants covered by Codex standards; greater adherence to good agricultural and manufacturing practices.

Biennial Outputs

• Training modules on CD ROM covering the areas of pesticide residues, mycotoxins and radionuclides analysis and pesticide formulation control (Reduced in ZRG)
• Guidance documents on: sampling plans for field surveys; estimating uncertainty of sampling and results of analysis of pesticide residues and mycotoxins; testing the stability of pesticide residues
• Regularly updated web-based International Food Contaminant and Residues Information System (INFOCRIS), also available on CD-ROM (Reduced in ZRG)
• Training of analysts and policy makers through workshops, networks and field projects on principles of quality management and good analytical and agricultural practices, and procedures that support laboratory accreditation for analysis of food contaminants
• Publication on the effectiveness of the food irradiation process in ensuring the hygienic quality of fresh, minimally processed foods of plant origin
• Publication on effectiveness of irradiation for ensuring quarantine security against insect pests in food and agricultural products
• Training of food control and plant quarantine personnel and provision of regularly updated science-based information on food irradiation through the Internet and other media

Programme 2.1.9: Programme Management

(All amounts in US$ 000)

171. This programme covers the immediate Office of Assistant Director-General (AGD), including the Programme Coordination Unit (AGDP), the offices of the division directors and those parts of Regional Office direction attributable to this major programme. The increase in programme management under 219S1 results from a technical adjustment in the distribution of the Management Support Service (MSS) of AFD.

¹¹ Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases

¹² Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

¹³ Special Programme for Food Security

¹⁴ FAO/WHO Joint Meeting of Pesticide Residues

¹⁵ UK Department for International Development

¹⁶ Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign (IAEA/OAU)