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Units and Abbreviations

Unit

Explanation


Conversion

a

Year



bar



Pressure (absolute)



1 bar

= 0.1 MPa

1 bar

= 1.02 kg/cm2

1 bar

= 14.5 lb/sc in

°C

Degree Celsius

tC

d

Day



h

Hour



kg

Kilogram

1 kg

= 2.20 lb

kJ





Kilojoule, Energy





1 kJ

= 0.24 kcal

1 kJ

= 0.95 Btu

1 TJ

= 1000 GJ

1 TJ

= 1 000 000 MJ

1 TJ

= 1 000 000 000 kJ

kJ/kg

Specific energy

1 kJ/kg

= 0.43 Btu/lb


Heating value

1 kJ/kg

= 0.24 kcal/kg

kW





Kilowatt. Power





1 kW

= 0.86 Mcal/h

1 kW

= 1.36 hp

1 kW

= 1.34 BHP

1 MW

= 1 000 kW

1 MW

= 3 410 000 Btu/hr

kWh




Kilowatthour. Energy




1 kWh

= 3600 kJ

1 kWh

= 860 kcal

1 kWh

= 3400 Btu

1 MWh

= 1000 kWh

m3

Cubic meter. Volume. m3 refers to the solids volume. 1 solid m3 = about 2.5 m3 of gravity packed "loose" wood waste

1 m3

= 35.3 cb ft

MWh/m3


Specific energy.

Heating value

1 MWh/m3

= 860 Mcal/m3

1 MWh/m3

= 96 600 Btu/cb ft

t



Metric ton. Weight



1 t

= 1000 kg

1 t

= 2200 Ib

1 t

= 1.016 Br.t

t/h


Tonnes per hour.


1 t/h

= 0.28 kg/s

1 t/h

= 2200 lb/h

USD

US dollar.



The term moisture indicates the water content in percent of the total weight. That means that moisture is expressed on wet basis, which is the normal way in fuel contests. On the other hand, in common forest industry vocabulary moisture often refers to the ratio between the water content and the dry weight (dry basis). The relationship between wet and dry basis moisture is shown in the following figure.

The relationship between wet and dry basis moisture


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