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Officially sanctioned and funded debt-for-nature swaps to
date with commercial bank debt (as of December 1992)
| Date | Country | Purchaser/ fundraiser | Cost (US$) |
Face value of debt (US$) |
Conservation funds generated (US$)a |
| 6/92 | Bolivia | TNC/WWF/JP MORGAN | 0 | 11500000 | 2800000 |
| 6/92 | Brazil | TNC | 748000 | 2200000 | 2200 000 |
| 1/92 | Philippines | WWF | 5000000 | 10150000b | 9332354 |
| 10/91 | Guatemala/CABEI | TNC | 75000 | 100000 | 90000 |
| 10/91 | Jamaica | TNC/USAID/PRCT | 30000 | 437000 | 437000 |
| 7/91 | Nigeria | NCF | 64788 | 149800 | 93446 |
| 4/91 | Mexico | CI | 180000 | 250000 | 250000c |
| 1/91 | Madagascar | CI | 59377 | 118754 | 118754c |
| 1/91 | Costa Rica/CABEI | RA/MCL/INC | 360000 | 600000 | 540000 |
| 8/90 | Madagascar | WWF | 4454591 | 919363 | 919363 |
| 8/90 | Philippines | WWF | 438750 | 900000 | 900000 |
| 3/90 | Costa Rica | Sweden/WWF/INC | 1953474 | 10753631 | 9602904 |
| 3/90 | Dominican Rep | PRCT/INC | 116400 | 582000 | 582000 |
| 1/90 | Poland | WWF | 11500 | 50000 | 50000 |
| 8/89 | Zambia | WWF | 454000 | 2270000 | 2 270 000 |
| 7/89 | Madagascar | WWF | 950000 | 2111112 | 2111112 |
| 4/89 | Ecuador | WWF/TNC/MBG | 1068750 | 9000000 | 9 000 000 |
| 4/89 | Costa Rica | Sweden | 3500000 | 24500000 | 17100 000 |
| 1/89 | Costa Rica | TNC | 784000 | 5600000 | 1 680 000 |
| 1/89 | Philippines | WWF | 200000 | 390000 | 390 000 |
| 7/88 | Costa Rica | Holland | 5000000 | 33000000 | 9 900 000 |
| 2/88 | Costa Rica | NPF | 918000 | 5400000 | 4 050 000 |
| 12/87 | Ecuador | WWF | 354000 | 1000000 | 1000 000 |
| 8/87 | Bolivia | CI | 100000 | 650000 | 250 000 |
| Total to date | 23081930 | 122631660 | 75666933 | ||
a In the case of bonds this figure does not include
interest earned over the life of the bonds.
b Included 200000 debt donation from the Bank of
Tokyo.
c Debt exchanged for cash, not conservation bonds.
Abbreviations: TNC, The Nature Conservancy; PRCT, Puerto Rico
Conservation Trust; NPF, National Park Foundation of Costa Rica;
CABEI, Central American Bank for Economic Integration; RA,
Rainforest Alliance; WWF, World Wide Fund for Nature; MBG,
Missouri Botanical Garden; CI, Conservation International; NCF,
Nigerian Conservation Foundation; MCL, Monteverde Conservation
League.