Grain
storage techniquesEvolution and trends in developing countries
Grain
storage techniques
Evolution and trends in developing countries
Edited by D.L. Proctor, FAO Consultant
FAO AGRICULTURAL SERVICES BULLETIN No. 109
GASCA - GROUP FOR ASSISTANCE ON SYSTEMS RELATINGTO GRAIN AFTER HARVEST
Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations (FAO)
Rome, 1994
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
M-17
ISBN 92-5-1 03456-7
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocoping or otherwise, whitout the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, whit a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.
(c) FAO 1994
Chapter 1 - Economics of grain handling and storage in developing countries
The role of storage in the economy
Costs and incentives to store
Who stores and why?
Improvements in large-scale storage and handling
Improvement to storage on the farm
References
Chapter 2 - The biodeterioration of grain and the risk of mycotoxins
Biodeterioration
Moulds and mycotoxins
The significance of mycotoxins
The interaction of mycotoxins
The control of mycotoxins
Sampling and analysis
Conclusions
References
Chapter 3 - Quality and grading of grain
Introduction
Quality characteristics of grains
Grain standards
Grain trade
Standard grading of grain quality
Sampling, equipment and methods
Quality determination, equipment and methods
The role of standards in local trade
References
Chapter 4 - Grain harvesting, threshing and cleaning
Technical alternatives
Constraints
Evaluation of costs
References
Chapter 5 - Drying methods
Introduction
Drying principles and general considerations
Natural and solar drying
Mechanical dryers
Drying operations
Novel dryers and recent developments
Ancillary equipment
References
Chapter 6 - Storage at farm/village level and in warehouses
Introduction
Traditional farm/village storage methods
'Improved' farm/village storage methods
Alternative storage technology at farm/village level
Traditional private grain trader storage
Modern warehouses
References
Chapter 7 - Bulk storage
Introduction
Factors influencing the choice of bulk store
Sealed stores
Aeration
Costs of bulk storage
References
Chapter 8 - Insect control
Integrated pest management (IPM) in the control of storage insects
Insect pests of stored grains in hot climates
Chemical control techniques
Alternative and supplementary control measures
References
Chapter 9 - Rodent control
The economic importance of rodent pests
Rodent species of post-harvest importance
Control of rodent pests
Designing control programmes
References
Annex 1 (Reference Chapter 1) - Application of cost-benefit analysis to storage projects
Annex 2 (Reference Chapter 5) - Organizations involved in research on biomass residue combustion
Annex 3 (Reference Chapter 4) - Example of calculating the costs of operating processing machinery