This article presents the evolution of the extensive production of Fulani Mbororo livestock in the Central African Republic. The main features are the degradation of pastures, the significant reduction in livestock production resulting from various diseases, mainly trypanosomosis, and the increasing involvement of cattle owners in efforts to arrest the decreasing herd sizes. The causes and consequences of these different aspects are being studied, with particular regard for the impact that a livestock development programme could have in the coming years.