Previous - Next
Laine, D.C., Snodgrass, C.M., Dawson, E.A., Ener, M.A., Kuba, K. and Frantz, I.D. 1982. Lightly hydrogenated soy oil versus other vegetable oils as a lipid-lowering dietary constituent. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 35: 683-690.
Lamptey, M.S. and Walker, B.L. 1976. A possible essential role for dietary linolenic acid in the development of the young rat. Journal of Nutntion. 10: 86-89.
Lands, W.E.M., Inoue, M., Segiura, Y. and Okuyama, H. 1982. Selective incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into phosphatidylcholine by rat liver microsomes. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 237: 1496872.
Lapidus, L., Bengtsson, C., Larsson, B., Pennert, K., Rybo, E. and Sjostrom, L. 1984. Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: a 12 year follow-up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. British Medical Journal 289: 12571261.
Larsson, B., Svardsudd, K., Welin, L., Wilhelmsen, L., Bjorntorp, P. and Tibblin, G. 1984. Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity, and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: 13 year follow-up of participants in the study of men born in 1913. British Medical Journal 288: 1401-1404.
Larsson, B.K., Eriksson, A.T., Cervenka, M. 1987. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crude and deodorized vegetable oils. Journal of American Oil Chemists' Society. 365-370.
Leaf, A.A., Leighfield, M.J., Casteloe, K.L. and Crawford, M.A. 1992. Factors affecting long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of plasma choline phosphoglycerides in preterm infants. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 14: 300-308.
Leaf, A. and Weber, P.C. 1988. Cardiovascular effects of n-3 fatty acids. New England Journal of Medicine 318: 549-557.
Leatherhead Food Research Association. 1992. The role of tocopherols in inhibiting oxidation and rancidity in oils. Surrey, UK.
Lee, T.H., Hoover, R.L., Williams, J.D., Sperling, R.I., Ravalese, J. 3d, Spur, B.W., Robinson, D.R., Corey, E.J., Lewis, R.A. and Austen, K.F. 1985. Effect of dietary enrichment with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on in vitro neutrophil and monocyte leukotriene generation and neutrophil function. New England Journal of Medicine. 312(19): 1217-1224.
Lee-Han, H., Cousins, M., Beaton, M., McGuiro, V., Kriukov, V. Chipman, M. and Boyd, N. 1988. Compliance in a randomized clinical trial of detary fat reduction in patients with breast dysplasia. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 48(3):575-586.
Lees, A.M., Mok, H.Y., Lees, R.S., McCluskey, M.A. and Grundy, S.M. 1977. Plant sterols as cholesterol-lowering agents: Clinical trials in patients with hypercholesterolemia and studies of sterol balance. Atherosclerosis. 28(3): 325-338.
Leibel, R.L., Hirsch, J., Appel, B.E. and Checani, G.C. 1992. Energy intake required to maintain body weight is not affected by wide variation in diet composition. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 55: 350-355.
LeMarchand, L., Yoshizawa, C.N., Kolonel, L.H. and Goodman, M.T. 1989. Vegetable consumption and lung cancer risk: a population-based case-control study in Hawaii. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 81: 1158-1164.
Levy, R.I., Rifkind, B.M., Dennis, B.H. and Ernst, N.D. eds. 1979. Nutrition, Lipids and Coronary Heart Disease: A Global View. Raven Press, New York.
Lewis, B., Chait, A., Sigurdsson, G., 1978. Serum lipoproteins in four European communities: A quantitative comparison. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 8(3): 165-173.
Leyton, J., Drury, P.J. and Crawford, M.A. 1987. Differential Oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in vivo in the rat. British Journal of Nutrition. 57: 383-393.
Lichtenstein, A.H., Ausman, L.M., Carrasco, W., Jenner, J.L., Ordovas, J.M. and Schaefer, E.J. 1993. Hydrogenation impairs the hypolipidemic effect of corn oil in humans. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 13: 154161.
Lissner, L., Levitsky, D.A., Strupp, B.J., Kalkwarf, H.J. and Roe, D.A. 1987. Dietary fat and the regulation of energy intake in human subjects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 46: 886-892.
Lissner, L., Odell, P.M., D'Agostino, R.B., Stokes, J. 3rd, Kreger, B.E., Belanger, A.J. and Brownell, K.D. 1991. Variability of body weight and health outcomes in the Framingham population. New England Journal of Medicine 324: 1839-1844.
Livingstone, M.B., Prentice, A.M., Strain, J.J., Coward, W.A., Black, A.E., Barker, M.E., McKenna, P.G. and Whitehead, R.G. 1990. Accuracy of weighed dietary records in studies of diet and health. British Medical Journal. 300(6726):708-712.
Logan, R.L., Riemersma, R.A., Thomson, M., Oliver, M.F., Olsson, A.G., Walldius, G., Rossner, S., Kaijser, L., Callmer, E., Carlson, L.A., Lockerbie, L. and Lutz, W. 1978. Risk factors for ischaemic heart-disease in normal men aged 40: Edinburgh-Stockholm Study. The Lancet. 1(8071):949-954.
Lorenz, R., Spengler, U., Fischer, S., Duhm, J. and Weber, P. 1983. Platelet function, thromboxane formation and blood pressure control during supplementation of the western diet with cod-liver oil. Circulation. 67(3): 504-511.
Lorenz, R., Weber, P.C., Szimnau, P., Heldwein, W., Strasser, T., Loeschke, K. 1989. Supplementation with n-3 fatty acids from fish oil in chronic inflammatory bowel disease: a randomized, placebocontrolled, double-blind cross-over trial. Journal of Internal Medicine. 225 (suppl. 2): 223-232.
Lucas, A., Morley, R., Cole, T.J., Lister, G. and Leeson-Payne. 1992. Breast milk and subsequent intelligence quotient in children born pre-term. The Lancet 339: 261-264.
Lynch, D.V. and Thompson, G.A. 1984. Retailored lipid molecular species: a tactical mechanism for modulating membrane properties. Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 9: 442-445.
Makrides, M., Simmer, K,. Goggin, M. and Gibson, R.A. 1993. Erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid correlates with visual response of healthy, term infants. Pediatric Research. 33(4 Pt 1): 425-427.
Manson, J.E., Stampfer, M.J., Hennekens, C.H., and Willett, W.C. 1987. Body weight and longevity. A reassessment. Journal of the American Medical Association 257:353-358.
Marchand, C.M. 1982. Positional isomers of trans-octadecenoic acids in margarine. Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal. 15: 196-199.
Margetts, B.M., Beilin, L.J., Vandongen, R. and Armstrong, B.K. 1986. Vegetarian diet in mild hypertension: A randomized controlled trial. British Medical Journal. 293: 1468-1471.
Marshall, J.A., Hamman, R.F., Baxter, J. 1991. High-fat, low-carbohydrate diet and the etiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study. American Journal of Epidemiology 134(6):590-603.
Martinez, M. 1988. Developmental profiles of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain of normal infants and patients with peroxisomal diseases: Severe deficiency of docosahexaenoic acid in Zellweger's and pseudo-Zellweger's syndromes. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics. 66: 87-102.
Mattson, F.H., Hollenbach, E.J. and Kligman, A.M. 1975. Effect of hydrogenated fat on the plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels of man. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 28: 726-731.
McDonald, M.L., Mack, K.F., Williams, B.W., King, W.C. and Glomset, U.A. 1988. A membrane-bound diacylglycerol kinase that selectively phosphorylates arachidonoyldiacylglycerol. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 263: 1584-92.
McDonald, B.E. Gerrard, J.M. Bruce, V.M. and Corner, E.J. 1989. Comparison of the effect of canola oil and sunflower oil on plasma lipids and lipoproteins on in vivo thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin production in healthy young men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 50: 13821388.
McDonald, G.B., Saunders, D.R., Weidman, M. and Fisher, L. 1980. Portal venous transport of long chain fatty acids absorbed from rat intestine. American Journal of Physiology. 239: G141-G150.
McGandy, R.B., Hegsted, D.M. and Myers, M.L. 1970. Use of semi-synthetic fats in determining effects of specific fatty acids on serum lipids in man. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 23: 12881298.
McGregor, L., Morazain, R. and Renaud, S. 1981. Platelet functions and fatty acid composition of platelet phospholipids in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed saturated or polyunsaturated fats. Atherosclerosis. 38: 129-136.
McKeigue, P.M., Marmot, M.G., Syndercombe-Court, Y.D., Cottier, D.E., Rahman, S. and Riemersma, R.A. 1988. Diabetes, hyperinsulinaemia, and coronary risk factor in Bangladeshis. British Heart Journal. 60,5, 390-396.
McMichael, A.J. 1991. Serum cholesterol and human cancer. In Alfin-Slater, R.B. and Kritchevsky, D. (eds.) Human Nutrition, a comprehensive treatise. vol.7. Cancer and Nutrition. Plenum Press, New York. pp. 141158.
McMichael, A.J. and Giles, G.C. 1988. Cancer in migrants to Australia: extending the descriptive epidemiologic data. Cancer Research. 46: 751-756.
Melbin, T. and Vuille, J.C. 1976. Weight gain in infancy and physical development between 7 and 10 1/2 years of age. British Journal of Preventive Social Medicine 30:233-238.
Mensink, R.P., Janssen, M.C. and Katan, M.B. 1988. Effect on blood pressure of two diets differing in total fat but not in saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in healthy volunteers. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 47: 976-980.
Mensink, R.P., Zock, P.L., Katan, M.B. and Hornstra, G. 1992. Effect of dietary cis- and trans-fatty acids on serum lipoprotein[a] levels in humans. Journal of Lipid Research. 33: 1493-1501.
Mensink, R.P. and Katan, M.B. 1991. Letter to the editor. New England Journal of Medicine. 324: 339-340.
Mensink, R.P. and Katan, M.B. 1990. Effect of dietary trans fatty acids on high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy subjects. New England Journal of Medicine. 323: 439445.
Mensink, R.P. and Katan, M.B. 1992. Effects of dietary fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins: A meta-analysis of 27 trials. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis. 12: 911919.
Merrill, A.L. and Watt, B.K. 1955. Energy value of foods - basis and derivation. United States Department of Agriculture. Handbook No.74 (revised 1973).
Mertin, J. and Hughs, D. 1975. Specific inhibitory action of polyunsaturated fatty acids on lymphocyte transformation induced by PHA and PPD. International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology. 15: 203210.
Mertin, J. and Stackpoole, A. 1981. Prostaglandin precursors and cell-mediated immune response. Cellular Immunology. 62: 293-300.
Mertin, J. and Hunt, R. 1976. Specific inhibitory action of polyunsaturated fatty acids on lymphocyte transformation induced by PHA and PPD. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA. 73: 928-931.
Mertin, J. and Meade, C.J. 1977. Relevance of fatty acids in mutiple sclerosis. British Medical Bulletin. 33: 6771.
Mertz, W. 1992. Food intake measurements: Is there a "gold standard"? Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 92: 14631465.
Metzger, Z., Hoffeld, J.T., Oppenheirn, J.J. 1980. Macrophage mediated suppression I. Evidence for participation of both hydrogen peroxide and prostaglandin in suppression of murine lymphocyte proliferation. Journal of Immunology. 124: 983-988.
Meydani, S.N., Barklund, M.P., Liu S., Meydani, M., Miller R., Cannon, J., Morrow, F., Rocklin, R. and Blumberg J. 1990. Effect of vitamin E supplementation on immune responsiveness of healthy elderly subjects. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 3: A1057.
Meydani, S.N. 1990. Dietary modulation of cytokine and biological functions. Nutrition Reviews 48:361-367.
Meydani, S.N., Endres, S., Woods, M.N., Goldin, B.R., Soo, C., Morrill-Labrode, A., Dinarello, C.A., and Gorbach, S.L. 1991a. Oral (n-3) fatty acid supplementation supresses cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation: Comparison between young and older women. Journal of Nutrition. 121(4):547555.
Meydani, S.N., Lichtenstein, A.H., Cornwall, S., Meydani, M., Goldin, B.R., Rasmussen, H., Dinarello, C.A. and Schaefer, E.J. 1993. Immunologic effects of national cholesterol education panel step-2 diets with and without fishderived N-3 fatty acid enrichment. Journal of Clinical lnvestigation. 92(1): 105-113.
Meydani, S.N., Lichtenstein, A.H, White, P.J., Goodnight, S.H., Elson, C.E., Woods, M., Gorbach, S.L. and Schaefer. 1991 b. Food use and health effects of soybean and sunflower oils American College of Nutrition Journal. 10(5):406-428.
Millar, J.H., Zilkha, K.J., Langman, M.J., Wright, H.P., Smith, A.D., Belin, J. and Thompson, R.H. 1973. Doubleblind trial of linoleate supplementation of the diet in multiple sclerosis British Medical Journal. 1(856):765768.
Miller, W.C., Lindeman, A.K., Wallace, J. and Niederpruem, M. 1990. Diet composition, energy intake, and exercise in relation to body fat in men and women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52:426-430.
Mills, P.K., Beeson, W.L., Abbey, D.E., Fraser, G.E. and Philips, R.L. 1988. Dietary habits and past medical history as related to fatal pancreas cancer incidence among Seventh-Day Adventists. Cancer 61 :2578-2585.
Mills, P.K., Beeson, W.L., Phillips, R.L. and Fraser, G.E. 1989. Cohort study of diet, lifestyle, and prostate cancer in Adventist men Cancer 64(3): 598-604.
Mogenson, G.J. and Box, B.M. 1982. Physiological effects of varying dietary linoleic acid in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 26: 232-239.
Mohrhauer, H. and Holman, R.T. 1963. The effect of dose levels of essential fatty acids upon fatty acid composition of the rat liver. Journal of Lipid Research. 4: 151-9.
Moms, J.N., Marr, J.W. and Clayton, D.G. 1977. Diet and heart: a postscript. British Medical Journal. 2: 1307-1314.
Mossberg, H.O. 1989. 40-Year follow-up on overweight children. The Lancet 491493.
Muscoplat, C.C., Rakich, P.M., Thoen, C.O. 1978. Enhancement of lymphocyte blastogenic and delayed hypersensitivity skin responses by indomethacin. Infec. Immunol. 20: 627-631.
Nalbone, G., Leonardi, J., Termine, E., Portugal, H., Lechene, P., Pauli, A.M. and Lafont, H. 1989. Effects of fish oil, corn oil and lard diets on lipid peroxidation status and glutathione peroxidase activities in rat heart Lipids. 24(3): 179-186
National Council for Applied Economic Research. 1991 Market Information Survey of Households 1985-1990. New Delhi, India.
National Diet-Heart Study Research Group. 1968. The National Diet-Heart Study Final Report. Circulation. 37(3 Suppl ): 11428.
National Research Council. 1982 Committee on Diet, Nutrition and Cancer National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
National Research Council. 1989. Diet and Health: Implications for reducing chronic disease risk. National Academy Press, Washington, D C.
Nestel, P.J., Noakes, M., Belling, G.B., McArthur. R., Clifton, P., Janus, E. and Abbey, M. 1992. Plasma lipoprotein lipid and Lp[a] changes with substitution of elaidic acid for oleic acid in the diet. Journal of Lipid Research. 33: 1029-1036.
Neuringer, M., Anderson, G.J. and Connor, W.E. 1988. The essentiality of n3 fatty acids for the development and function of the retina and brain. Annual Reviews of Nutrition. 8: 517-541.
Neuringer, M., Connor, W.E., van Petten, C. and Barstad, L. 1984. Dietary omega-3 fatty acid deficiency and visual loss in infant rhesus monkey. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 73: 272276.
Newmark, H.L. and Mergens, W.J. 1981. a -tocopherol (vitamin E) and its relationship to tumor induction and development. pp. 127-168. In M.S. Zedeck and M. Lipkin (eds). Inhibition of tumor induction and development. Plenum Press, New York.
Ng, T.K.W., Hassan, K., Lim, J.B., Lye, M.S. and Ishak, R. 1991. Nonhypercholesterolemic effects of palm oil diet in Malaysian volunteers. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 53 (4 suppl.): 1015S-1020S.
Nichaman, M.Z., Hamilton, H.B., Kagan, A., Grier, T., Sacks, T. and Syme, S.L. 1975. Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California: distribution of biochemical risk factors. American Journal of Epidemiology. 102(6): 491-501.
Nicolosi, R.J., Ausman, L.M. and Hegsted, D.M. 1991a. Rice bran oil lowers serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoB levels in nonhuman primates. Atherosclerosis. 88: 133-142.
Nicolosi, R.J. and Liang, S. 1991 b. Comparative effects of rice bran oil, soybean oil and coconut oil on lipoprotein levels, low density liprotein oxidizability and fatty streak formation in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Arteriosclerosis. 11: 1603.
Nicolosi, R.J., Ausman, L.M. and Hegsted, D.M. 1990. Comparative cholesterol lowering effects of rice bran oil, canola oil and corn oil. Circulation. 82: 7109.
NIH Consensus conference. 1993. Triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and coronary heart disease. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Triglyceride. Journal of the American Medical Association. 269(4): 505-10.
Noppa, H. and Hallstrom, T. 1981. Weight gain in adulthood in relation to socioeconomic factors, mental illness and personality traits: a prospective study of middle-aged women. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 25: 83-89.
Nova Scotia Department of Health. 1993. Report of the Nova Scotia Nutrition Survey. Halifax.
O'Dea, K., White, N.G., Sinclair, A.J. 1988. An investigation of nutritionrelated risk factors in an isolated Aboriginal community in northern Australia: advantages of a traditionally-oriented lifestyle. Med. J. Aust. 148(4):177-80.
Offner, H., Konat, G., Clausen, J. 1974. Effect of phytohemagglutinin, basic protein and measles antigen on myo-(2-3H)-insitol inclurporation into phosphatidylinolsitol of lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 50: 791800.
Ohlrogge, J.B., Gulley, R.M. and Emken, E.A. 1982. Occurrence of octadecenoic fatty acid isomers from hydrogenated fats in human tissue lipid classes. Lipids. 17: 551-557.
Ohlrogge, J.B., Emken, E.A. and Gulley, R.M. 1981. Human tissue lipids: Occurrence of fatty acid isomers from dietary hydrogenated oils. Journal of Lipid Research. 22: 955-960.
Olegard, R. and Svennerholm, L. 1970. Fatty acid composition of plasma and red cell phosphoglycerides in full term infants and their mothers. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 59: 637-647.
Olsen, F.O., Sorensen, J.D., Secher, N.J., Hedegaard, M., Henriksen, T.B, Hansen, H.S. and Grant, A. 1992. Randomised controlled trial of effect of fish-oil supplementation on pregnancy duration. The Lancet. 339: 1003-1007.
Ongari, M.A., Ritter, J.M., Orchard, M.A., Waddell, K.A., Blair, I.A., Lewis, P.J. 1984. Correlation of prostacyclin synthesis by human umbilical artery with status of essential fatty acid. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 149: 455-460.
Ornish, D., Brown, S.E., Scherwitz, L.W., Billings, J.H., Annstrong, W.T., Ports, T.A., McLanahan, S.M., Kirkeeide, R.L., Brand, R.J. and Gould, K.L. 1990. Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease? The Lifestyle Heart Trial. The Lancet. 336(8708):129-133.
Pariza, M.W. 1988. Dietary fat and cancer risk: Evidence and research needs. Annual Reviews of Nutrition. 8: 167- 183.
Parkin, D., Muir, C.S., Whelan, S.L., Gao, T., Ferlay, J. and Powell, J. 1992. Cancer incidence infive continents. Vol. 6. International Agency for Research in Cancer, Lyon, France.
Payan, D.G., Missirian-Bastian, A., Goetzl, E.J. 1984. Human T-lymphocyte subset specificity of the regulatory effects of leukotriene B. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA. 81: 3501-3505.
Perisse, J., Sizaret, F. and Francois, P. 1969. The effect of income on the structure of the diet. Reprinted from FAO Nutrition Newsletter. Vol. 7, No. 3 July-September.
Peto, R., Doll, R., Buckley, J.D. and Sporn, M.B. 1981. Can dietary betacarotene materially reduce human cancer rates? Nature. 290: 201-208.
Pharoah, P.D., Cooke, T., Cooke, R.I. and Rosenbloom, L. 1990. Birthweight specific trends in cerebral palsy. Archives of diseases in childhood. 65: 602-606.
Phillips, R.L., Garfinkel, L., Kuzma, J.W., Beeson, W.L., Lotz, T. and Brin, B. 1980. Mortality among California Seventh-Day Adventists for selected cancer sites. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 65(5): 10971107.
Plaut, M. 1979. The role of cyclic AMP in modulating cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology. 123: 692-701.
Pollard, M. and Luckert, P.H. 1986. Promotional effects of testosterone and high fat diet on the development of autochthonous prostate cancer in rats. Cancer Letters. 32:(2) 223-227.
Pooling Project Research Group. 1978. Relationship of blood pressure, serum cholesterol, smoking habit, relative weight and ECG abnormalities incidence of major coronary events: final report of the Pooling Project. Journal of Chronic Diseases. 31(4): 201-306.
Popkin, B.M., Haines, P.S. and Patterson, R.E. 1992. Dietary changes in older Americans, 1977-1987. In American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. pp. 823-830.
Prentice, R.L. and Sheppard, L. 1990. Dietary fat and cancer: Consistency of the epidemiologic data and disease prevention that may follow from a practical reduction in fat consumption. Cancer Causes and Control. 1: 81-97.
Prewitt, T.E., Schmeisser, D., Bowen, P.E., Aye, P., Dolecek, T.A., Langenberg, P., Cole, T. and Brace, L. 1991. Changes in body weight, body composition, and energy intake in women fed high- and low-fat diets. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 54: 304-310.
Pronczuk, A., Khosla, P. and Hayes, K.C. 1994. Dietary lyristic, palmitic and linoleic acids modulate cholesterolemia in gerbils. FASEB Journal 8:1191-1200.
Qureshi, A.A., Burger, W.C., Peterson, D.M. and Elson, C.E. 1986. The structure of an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis isolated from barley. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 261: 10544-10550.
Qureshi, A.A., Qureshi, N., Wright, J.J.K., Shen, Z.,Kramer, G., Gapor, A., Chong, Y.H., DeWitt, G., Ong, A.S.H., Peterson, D.M. and Bradlow, B.A. 1991a. Lowering of serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic humans by tocotrienols (palmvitee). American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 53(4 suppl.):1021S1026S.
Qureshi, A.A., Qureshi, N. HaslerRapacz, J.O., Weber, F.E., Chaudhary, V., Crenshaw, T.D., Gapor, A., Ong, A.S.H., Chong, Y.H., Peterson, D. and Rapacz, J. 1991 b. Dietary tocotrienols reduce concentrations of plasma cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, thromboxane B2, and platelet 4 in pigs with inherited hyperlipidemias. American Journal of Clinical Chemistry. 53(4 suppl.): 1042S-1047S.
Ramstedt, U.N.J., Wigzell, H., Sermhan, C.N., Samuelsson, B. 1985. Action of novel eicosanoids lipoxin A and B on human natural killer cell cytotoxicity: effects on intracellular camp and target cell binding. Journal of Immunology. 135: 3434-3438.
Ratnayake, W.M.N., Hollywood, R., O'Grady, E. and Pelletier, G. 1993. Fatty acids in some common food items in Canada. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 12:651-660.
Ratnayake, W.M.N., Hollywood, R. and O'Grady, E. 1991. Fatty acids in Canadian margarines. Journal of the Canadian Institute of Food Science awl Technology. 24: 81-86.
Ratnayake, W.M.N. and Pelletier, G. 1992. Positional and geometrical isomers of linoleic acid in partially hydrogenated oils. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 69: 95105.
Read, M.H., Fisher, K.A., Bendel, R., Bhalla, V.J., Bock, M.A., Hamll, I., Mitchell, M., Schutz, H., Shehan, E. and Standal, B. 1989. Dietary fat intake: Demographics. American Dietetic Association Journal. 89(6): 830-831.
Reddy, B.S. 1992. Dietary fat and colon cancer: Animal model studies. Lipids. 27: 807813.
Reed, D., McGee, D., Yano, K. and Hankin, J. 1985. Diet, blood pressure and multicollinearity. Hypertension. 7: 405-410.
Regnstrom, J., Nilsson, J., Tornvall, P., Landou, C. and Hamsten, A. 1992. Susceptibility to low-density lipoprotein oxidation and coronary atherosclerosis in man. The Lancet. 339: 1183-1186.
Renaud, S., Morazain, R., Godsey, F., Dumont, E., Thevenon, C., Martin, J.L. and Mendy, F. 1986. Nutrients, platelet function and composition in nine groups of French and British farmers. Atherosclerosis. 60(1): 37-48.
Research Committee to the Medical Research Council. 1968. Controlled trial of soya-bean oil in myocardial infarction The Lancet. 2: 693-699.
Riemersma, R.A., Wood, D.A., Butler, S., Elton, R.A., Oliver, M., Salo, M., Nikkari, T., Vartiainen, E., Puska, P., Gey F. et al. 1986 Linoleic acid content in adipose tissue and coronary heart disease. British Medical Journal. 292(6533): 14231427.
Riemersma, R.A., Wood, D.A., Macintyre, C.C.A., Elton, R.A., Gey, K.F. and Oliver, M.F. 1991. Risk of angina pectoris and plasma concentrations of vitamin A,C and E and carotene. The Lancet. 337: 1-5.
Riemersma, R.A., Wood, D.A., Butler, S., Elton, R.A., Oliver, M., Salo, M. 1986. Linoleic acid content in adipose tissue and coronary heart disease. British Medical Journal. 292: 1423-1427.
Rimm, E.B., Stampfer, M.J., Ascherio, A., Giovannucci, E. Colditz, G.A. and Willett, W.C. 1993. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. New England Journal of Medicine. 328(20): 14501456.
Ring, J., Seifert, J., Mertin, J., Brendel, W. 1974. Letter: Prolongation of skin allografts in rats by treatment with linoleic acid. The Lancet. 2: 1331
Robinson, D.R. 1991. Alleviation of autoimmune disease by dietary lipids containing omega-3 fatty acids. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America. 17: 213222.
Roder, J.C. and Klein, M. 1979. Targeteffector interaction in the natural killer cell system. IV. Modulation by cyclic nucleotides. Journal of Immunology. 123: 2785-2790.
Roebuck, B.D. 1992 Dietary fat and the development of pancreatic cancer. Lipids. 27: 804-806.
Roebuck, B.D., Baumgartner, K.J. and MacMillan, D.L. 1993. Caloric restriction and intervention in pancreatic carcinogenesis in the rat. Cancer Research 53: 46-52.
Rogers, E.J., Rice, S.M., Nicolosi, RJ., Carpender, D.R., McClelland, C.A. and Romanczyk, Jr.,L.R. 1993. Identification and quantitation of g -oryzanol components and simultaneous assessments of tocols in rice bran oil. Journal of American Oil Chemists' Society. 70: 301-307.
Rogers, A.E. and Lee, S.Y. 1986. Chemicallyinduced mammary gland tumours in rats: Modulation by dietary fat Progress in Clinical and Biological Research. 222: 255-282.
Rola-Plaszczyoski, M. and Lemaire, I. 1985. Leukotrienes augment interleukin 1 production by human monocytes. Journal of immunology. 135: 3958-3961.
Rola-Plaszczyoski, M. 1 985. Immunoregultion by leukotrines and other lipoxygenase metabolites. Immunology Today. 6: 302-307.
Rola-Plaszczynski, M., Gagnon, M. and Sirois, P. 1983. Leukotriene B4 augments human natural cytotoxic cell activity. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta. 1983: 531537
Rolls, B.J. and Shide, DJ. 1992. The influence of dietary fat on food intake and body weight. Nutrition Reviews. 50: 283290.
Romieu, I., Willett, W.C., Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G.A., Sampson, L., Rosner, B., Hennekens, C.H. and Speizer, F.E. 1988. Energy intake and other determinants of relative weight. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 47:406-412.
Rose, D.P. and Connolly, J.M. 1992. Dietary fat, fatty acids and prostate cancer. Lipids. 27(10): 798-803.
Rossell, J.B., Kochhar, S.P. and Jawad, I.M. 1981. Chemical changes in soy oil during high temperature processing. Proceedings Second ASA Symp. Soyabean Processing, Antwerp.
Rouse, I.L., Armstrong, B.K. and Beilin, L.V. 1983. The relationship of blood pressure to diet and lifestyle in two religious populations. Journal of Hypertension. 1: 65-71.
Rozendaal, A. 1976. New trends in heterogeneously catalysed hydrogenation of oils and fats. Proceedings of 13th ISF World Congress, Marseille., pp 43-70.
Rubba, P., Mancini, M., Fidanza, F., Gautiero, G., Salo, M., Nikkari, T., Elton, R. and Oliver, M.F. 1987. Adipose tissue, fatty acids and blood pressure in middle aged men from southern Italy. International Journal of Epidemiology. 16: 528-531.
Sacks, F.M., Stampfer, M.J., Munoz, A., McManus, K., Canessa, M., Kass, E.H. 1987. Effect of linoleic and oleic acids on blood pressure, blood viscosity, and erythrocyte cation transport. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 6: 179185.
Sacks, F.M., Rosner, B., Kass, E.H. 1974. Blood pressure in vegetarians. American Journal of Epidemiology. 100: 390-398.
Sacks, F.M. 1989. Dietary fats and blood pressure: A critical review of the evidence. Nutrition Reviews. 47: 291-299.
Sagredos, A.N., Sintra-Roy, D. and Thomas, A. 1988. Zur Bestimmung, zum Vorkommen und zur Zusammensetzung von polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen in Olen und Fetten (Categorization, occurrence and composition of polycyclic, aromatic hydrocarbons in oils and fats). Fat-Science Technology. 90: 76-81.
Salonen, J.T., Salonen, R., Ihanainen, M., Parviainen, M., Seppanen, R., Kantola, M., Sappanen, K. and Rauramaa, R. 1988. Blood pressure, dietary fats and antioxidants. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 48: 12261232.
Salonen, J.T., Salonen, R., Seppanen, K., Rinta-Kiikka, S., Kuukka, M., Korpela, H., Alfthan, G., Kantola, M. and Schalch, W. 1991. Effects of antioxidant supplementation on platelet function: a randomized pair-matched, placebocontrolled, double-blind trial in men with low antioxidant status. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 53: 1222-1229.
Salonen, J.T., Tuomilehto, J., Tanskanen, A. 1983. Relation of blood pressure to reported intake of salt, saturated fats and alcohol in healthy middle-aged population. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 37: 32-37.
Sanders, T.A. and Roshanai, F. 1983. The influence of different types of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood lipids and platelet function in healthy volunteers. Clinical Science. 64(1): 91-99.
Sandler, R.S., Lyles, C.M., Peipins, L.A., McAuliffe, C.A., Woosley, J.T. and Kupper, L.L. 1993. Diet and risk of colorectal adenomas: macronutrients, cholesterol, and fiber. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 85(11): 884-891.
Santoli, D. and Zurier, R.B. 1989. Prostaglandin E precursor fatty acids inhibit human IL-2 production by a prostaglandin Edependent mechanism. Immunology. 143: 1303-1309.
Sas, M., Gellen, J.J. Tunkeyoon, M., Chalapati, S., Crawford, M.A., Drury, P.J., Lenihan, T., Ayeni, O. and Pinol, A. 1986. An investigation on the influence of steroidal contraceptives on milk lipid and fatty acids in Hungary and Thailand. WHO Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction. Task Force on oral Contraceptives. Contraception. 33(2): 159-178.
Scanu, A.M. and Scandiani, L. 1991. Lipoprotein (a): structure, biology, and clinical relevance. Adv. Intern. Med. 36: 249-70.
Schapira, D.V., Kumar, N.B., Lyman, G.H. and Cox C.E. 1990. Abdominal obesity and breast cancer risk. Annals of Internal Medicine. 112: 182-186.
Schettler, G. 1979. Cardiovascular diseases during and after World War II: a comparison of the Federal Republic of Germany with other European countries. Preview of Medicine. 8: 581-90.
Schoeller, D.A. 1990. How accurate is selfreported dietary energy intake? Nutrition Reviews. 48(10): 373-379.
Schuler, G., Hambrecht, R., Schlierf, G., Grunze, M. Methfessel, S., Hauer, K. and Kubler, W. 1992. Myocardial perfusion and regression of coronary artery disease in patients on a regimen of intensive physical exercise and a low fat diet. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 19(1): 34-42.
Schutz, Y., Tremblay, A., Weinsier, R.L. and Nelson, K.M. 1992. Role of fat oxidation in the long-term stabilization of body weight in obese women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 55:670-674.
Scottish Low Birthweight Study Group. 1992a. The Scottish low birthweight study: I. Survival, growth, neuromotor and sensory impairment. Archives of Diseases in Childhood. 67: 675-681.
Scottish Low Birthweight Study Group. 1992b. The Scottish low birthweight study: II. Language attainment, cognitive status, and behavioural problems. Archives of Diseases in Childhood. 67: 682-686.
Sebedio, J.L., Grandgirard, A. and Provost, J. 1988. Linoleic acid isomers in heat-treated sunflower oils. Journal of American Oil Chemists' Society. 65: 362366.
Segers, J.C. and van de Sande, R. 1988. Degumming theory and practice. Proceedings AOCS World Conference on Edible Fats and Oils Processing. Maastricht pp 88-83.
Severson, R.K., Nomura, A.M. Grove, J.S. and Stemmerrnann, G.N. 1989. A prospective study of demographics, diet and prostate cancer among men of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii. Cancer Research 49(7): 1857-1860.
Sheppard, L., Kristal, A.R., Kushi, L.H. 1991. Weight loss in women participating in a randomized trial of low-fat diets. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 54:(5) 821-828.
Shimamura, T. and Wilson, A.C. 1991. Influence of dietary fish oil on aortic, myocardial and renal lesions of SHR. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. 37: 581-590.
Shimokawa, H., [am, J.Y.T., Chesebro, J.H., Bowie, E.J.W. and Vanhoutte, P.M. 1987. Effects of dietary supplementation with cod-liver oil on endothelium-dependent response in porcine coronary arteries. Circulation. 76: 898905.
Siguel, E.N. and Lerman, R.H. 1993. Trans fatty acid patterns in patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. American Journal of Cardiology. 71: 916-920.
Sinclair, A.J. 1975. The incorporation of radioactive polyunsaturated fatty acids into the liver and brain of the developing rat. Lipids. 10: 175-184.
Singer, P., Moritz, V., Wirth, M., Berger, I. and Forster, D. 1990. Blood pressure and serum lipids from SHR after diets supplemented with evening primrose, sunflower seed or fish oil. Prostaglandins, Leukemia and Essential Fatty Acids. 40: 17-20.
Smith, G.D., Song, F. and Sheldon, T.A. 1993. Cholesterol lowering and mortality: the importance of considering initial level of risk. British Medical Journal 306(6889): 13671373.
Smith-Barbaro, P., Fisher, H., Quinn, M.R. and Hegsted, D.M. 1980. The effect of varying polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratios on salt induced hypertension in rats. Nutrition Reports International. 22: 759770.
Society of Actuaries and Association of Life Insurance Medical Directors of America 1980. Society of Actuaries Build Study of 1979. Chicago, USA.
Sommerville, C.R. 1993. Future prospects for genetic modification of the composition of edible oils from higher plants. Amerkan Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 58 (suppl.): 270s-275s.
Spady, D.K. and Dietschy, J.M. 1985. Dietary saturated triacylglycerols suppress hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor activity in the hamster. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. U. S. A. 82: 45264530.
Sperling, R.I., Robin, J.L., Kylander, K.A., Lee, T.H., Lewis, R.A. and Austen, K.F. 1987. The effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the generation of platelet-activating factor-A by human monocytes. Journal of Immunology 138:4186-4191.
Sprecher, H. 1989. N-3 and n-6 fatty acid metabolism, In Dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Biological effects and nutritional essentiality. (ea. Galli, C. and Simopoulos, A. P. ) Life Sciences. Vol. 171. Plenum Press, New York and London. pp. 69-79.
Stamler, J., Wentworth, D.S. and Neaton, J.D. 1986. Is the relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356,222 primary screens in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Journal of the American Medical Association. 256: 2823-2828.
Stamler, J., Stamler, R., Brown, W.V., Gotto, A.M., Greenland, P., Grundy, S., Hegsted, D.M., Leupker, R.V., Neaton, J.D., Steinberg, D., Stone, N., Van Home, L. and Wisler, R.W. 1993. Serum Cholesterol: Doing the Right Thing. Editorial. Circulation 88:1954-1960.
Stampfer, MJ., Hennekens, C.H., Manson, J.E., Colditz, G.A., Rosner, B. and Willett, W.C. 1993. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary disease in women. New England Journal of Medicine. 328(20): 1444-1449.
Steinberg, D., Parthasarathy, S., Carew, T.E., Khoo, J.C. and Witzum, J.L. 1989. Beyond cholesterol: Modifications of lowdensity lipoproteins that increase its atherogenicity. New England Journal of Medicine. 320: 915-924.
Steinmetz, K.A. and Potter, J.D. 1991. Vegetables, fruit, and cancer. I. Epidemiology. Cancer, Causes and Control. 2(5): 325-357.
Stephen, A.M. and Wald, N.J. 1990. Trends in individual consumption of dietary fat in the United States, 1920-1984. In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. pp. 457-469.
Stokes, J. m, Garrison, R.J. and Kannel, W.B. 1985. The independent contributions of various indices of obesity to the 22-year incidence of coronary heart disease: the Framingham Heart Study. In: Vague J., Bjorntorp, P., Guy-Grand, B., Rebuffe-Scrive, M., Vague, P. (eds): Metabolic Complications of Human Obesities. Excerpta Medica 49-57. Amsterdam.
Strauss, H.J., Piater, H. and Sterner, W. 1982. Futterungsversuch mit dimeren. Triglyceriden aus Sojaolraffinat (Feeding experiment with dimeric triglycerides of refined soybean oil). Fette Seifen Anstnchmittel. 84: 199-203.
Stubbs, C.D. and Smith, A.D. 1984. The modification of mammalian membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in relation to membrane fluidity and function. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 779: 89137.
Suga, K., Kawasaki, T., Blank, M.L. and Snyder, F. 1991. An arachidonoyl (polyenoic) specific phosphollpase A2 activity regulates the synthesis of plateletactivating factor in granulocytic HL-60 cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 265: 12363-12367.
Sundram, K., Hayes, K.C. and Siru, O.S. 1994. Dietary palmitic acid results in lower serum cholesterol than does a lauricmyristic combination in normolipemic humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 59:841-846.
Swinburn, B.A., Boyce, V.L., Bergman, R.N., Howard, B.V., Bogardus, C. 1991. Deterioration in carbohydrate metabolism and lipoprotein changes is induced by modem, high &t diet in Pima Indians and Caucasians. Journal Clin. Endocrin. Metab. 1991. 73, 1 156-165.
Tan, B. and Chu, F.L. 1991. Effects of palm carotinoids in rat hepatic cytochrome P450 mediated benzo(a)pyrene metabolism. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 53: 1071s-1075s.
Tan, D.T.S., Khor, H.T., Low, W.H.S., Ali, A. and Gapor, A. 1991. Effect of palm-oilvitamin E concentrate on the serum and lipoprotein lipids in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 53: 1027s-1030s.
Tannenbaum A, Silverstone H. 1953. Nutrition in relation to cancer In: Advances in Cancer Research. New York: Academic Press. 1:451 -501.
Tannenbaum, A. 1959. Nutrition and Cancer In: Homburger, F. (ed.). The Physiopathology of Cancer. 2nd edition. Hoeber-Harper Press, New York. pp. 517582.
Thomas, L.H., Winter, J.A. and Scott, R.G. 1983. Concentration of transunsaturated fatty acids in the adipose body tissue of decedents dying of ischaemic heart disease compared with controls. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 37: 22-24.
Thomas, L.H., Jones, P.R., Winter, J.A. and Smith, H. 1981. Hydrogenated oils and fats: the presence of chemicallymodified fatty acids in human adipose tissue. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 34: 877-886.
Thomas, L.H. and Scott, R.G. 1981. Ischaemic heart disease and the proportions of hydrogenated fat and ruminant-animal fat in adipose tissue at post-mortem examination: a case-control study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 35: 251-255.
Thomas, A. 1982. Über die Entfernung von Schadstoffen bei der Dampfung von Speiseolen und fetten (Removal of pollutants during the steam treatment of oils and fats). Fette Seifen Anstrichmittel. 84: 133-136.
Thompson, H.J. 1992. Effect of amount and type of exercise on experimentally induced breast cancer. In Jacobs, M.M. (ed.) Exercise, calories, fat and cancer. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 322, 6171. New York, Plenum Press.
Tinoco, J. 1982. Dietary requirements and functions of a -linolenic acid in animals. Progress in lipid research 21: 1-45.
Tobian, L., Ganguli, M., Johnson, M.A. and Iwai, J. 1982. Influence of renal prostaglandins and dietary linoleate on hypertension in Dahl S rats. Hypertension 11 (Suppl. II): 149-153.
Tribble D.L., Jeroen, J.M., van den Berg, J.M., Motchnik, P.A., Ames, B.N., Lewis, D.M., Chait, A. and Krauss. 1994. Oxidative susceptibility of low density lipoprotein subfractions is related to ubiquinol-10 and tocopherol content. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. USA. 91: 1183-1187.
Troisi, R., Willett, W.C. and Weiss, S.T. 1992. Trans-fatty acid intake in relation to serum lipid concentrations in adult men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 56: 1019-1024.
Tso, P. 1985. Gastrointestinal digestion and absorption of lipid. Advances in Lipid Research. 21: 143-186.
Turpeinen, O., Karvonen, M.J., Pekkarinen, M., Miettinen, M., Elosuo, R. and Paavilainen, E. 1979. Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease: the Finnish Mental Hospital Study. International Journal of Epidemiology. 8(2): 99-118.
Uauy, R,. Birch, E. and Birch, D. 1992. Visual and brain function measurements in study of n-3 fatty acid requirements of infants. Journal of Pediatrics. 120: s168-180.
Uauy, R.D., Birch, D.G., Birch, E.E., Tyson, J.E. and Hoffman, D.R. 1990. Effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on retinol function of very low-birthweight neonates. Pediatric Research. 28: 485492.
Uldall, P.R., Wilkinson, R. and McHugh, M.I., Field, E.J., Shenton, B.K., Taylor, R.M. and Swinney, J. 1974. Letter: Unsaturated fatty acids and renal transplantation. The Lancet. 2(879):514.
U.S Department of Health and Human Services. 1988. The Surgeon General's Report on Nutrition and Health. D.H.H.S. (PAS) Publ. No. 88-50210. United States Printing Office, Washington, D.C. pp. 177247.
Utermohlen, V., Coniglio, J., Mao, D., Sierra, J., Smith, R., Besner, G., Hutchins, S., Spitzer, K., Tomasso, J. and Boyar, A. 1981. Unsaturated fatty acids and human mononuclear cell function. Progress in Lipid Research. 20: 739-741.
Valek, J., Hammer, J., Kohout, M., Grafnetter, D., Vondra, K. and Topinka, V. 1985. Serum linoleic acid and cardiovascular death in postinfarction middle-aged men. Atherosclerosis. 54(1): 111-118.
Van Staveren, W.A., Deurenberg, P., Katan, M.B., Burema, J., de Groot, L.C. and Hoffmans, M.D. 1986. Validity of the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat tissue microbiopsies as an estimate of the long-term average fatty acid composition of the diet of separate individuals. American Journal of Epidemiology. 123(3): 455-463.
Van den Brandt, P.A., van's Veer, P. Goldbohm, R.A., Dorant, E., Volovics, A., Hermus R.J. and Sturmans, F. 1993. A prospective cohort study on dietary fat and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Cancer Research. 53(1): 75-82. van der Heide, J.J., Bilo, H.J. Donker, J.M., Wilmink, J.M., Tegzess, A.M. 1993. Effect of dietary fish oil on renal function and rejection in cyclosporinetreated recipients of renal transplants. New England Journal of Medicine. 329(11): 769-773.
Vanderveen, J.E. and Glinsmann, W.H. 1992. Pat substitutes: A regulatory perspective. Annual Reviews of Nutrition. 12: 473-487.
Veerkamp, J.H. and Zevenbergen, J.L. 1986. Effect of dietary fat on total and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in rat tissues. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 878: 102-109.
Vergroesen, A.J. and Gottenbos, J.J. 1975. The role of fats in human nutrition: an introduction. In Vergroesen, A.J. (ed.) The Role of Fats in Human Nutrition. Academic Press, New York pp. 1-32.
Vergroesen, A.J. 1972. Dietary fat and cardiovascular disease: possible modes of action of linoleic acid. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 31: 323-329.
Verschuren, P.M. and Zevenbergen, J.L. 1990. Safety evaluation of hydrogenated oils. Food Chemical Toxicology. 28: 755757.
Villar, J. and Rivers, J. 1988. Nutritional Supplementation during two consecutive pregnancies and the interim lactation period: effect on birth weight. Pediatrics. 81: 51-57.
Virella, G., Kilpatrick, J.M., Rugeles, M.T., Hyman, B. and Russell, R. 1989. Depression of humoral responses and phagocytic functions in vivo and in vitro by fish oil and eicosapentaenoic acid. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology. 52: 257270.
Voss, A., Reinhart, M., Sankarappa, S. and Sprecher, H. 1991. The metabolism of 7, 10, 13, 16, 19 docosapentaenoic acid to 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19 docosahexaenoic acid in liver is independent of 4desaturates. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 266, 19995-20000.
Wald, N., Sneddon, J., Densem, J., Frost, C. and Stone, R. 1991. Prevention of neural tube defects: Results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study. The Lancet. 338: 131-137.
Wattenberg, L.W. 1992. Inhibition of carcinogenesis by minor dietary constituents. Cancer Research. 52: (Suppl.): 2085s-2091s.
Webb, D.R., Rogers, TJ. and Nowowiejiski, I. 1980. Endogenous prostaglandin synthesis and the control of lymphocyte function. Proceedings of New York Academy of Sciences. 332: 260-270.
Welsch, C.W. 1987. Enhancement of mammary tumourogenesis by dietary fat: Review of potential mechanisms. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 45: 192-202.
Welsch, C.W. 1992. Relationship between dietary fat and experimental mammary tumourigenesis: A review and critique. Cancer Research. 52: (Suppl.): 2040s-2048s.
Wheeler, T.G., Benolken, R.M. and Anderson, R.E. 1975. Visual membranes: Specificity of fatty acid precursors for the electrical response to illumination. Science. 188:1312.
Whittemore, A.S., Wu-Williams, A.H., Lee, M., Zheng, S., Gallagher, R.P., Jiao, D.A., Zhou, L., Wang, X.H., Jung, D., Chong, Z.T., Ling, C., Xu, J.Y., Paffenbarger, R.S. and Henderson, B.E. 1990. Diet, physical activity and colorectal cancer among Chinese in North America and China. Journal of the Netherlands Cancer Institute. 82(11): 915926.
WHO. 1985a. Recommendations on energy intakes for pregnancy. WHO, Geneva.
WHO. 1985b. The Quantity and Quality of Breast Milk: Second Report on the Collaborative Study. WHO, Geneva.
WHO. 1990. Report of a WHO study group. Diet, nutrition, and the prevention of chronic diseases. World Health Organization Technical Report Series 797, Geneva.
Willett, W.C., Sampson, L., Stampfer, M.J., Rosner, B., Bain, C., Witschi, J., Hennekens, C.H. and Speizer, F.E. 1985. Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. American Journal of Epidemiology. 122(1): 51-65.
Willett, W.C., Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G.A., Rosner, B.A., Hennekens, C.H. and Speizer, F.E. 1987. Dietary fat and the risk of breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 316(1): 22-28.
Willett, W.C. 1989. The search for the cause of breast and colon cancer. Nature. 338: 389393.
Willett, W.C., Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G.A., Rosner, B.A. and Speizer, F.E. 1990. Relation of meat, fat and fiber intake to the risk of colon cancer in a prospective study among women. New England Journal of Medicine. 323(24): 1664-1672.
Willett, W.C., Hunter, D.J., Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G., Manson, J.E., Spiegelman, D., Rosner, B., Hennekens, C.H. and Speizer, F.E. 1992. Dietary fat and fiber in relation to risk of breast cancer. An 8-year follow-up. Journal of the American Medical Association. 268(15): 2037-2044.
Willett, W.C., Stampfer, M.J., Manson, J.E., Colditz, G.A., Speizer, F.E., Rosner, B.A., Sampson, L.A. and Hennekens, C.H. 1993. Intake of trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among women. The Lancet. 341: 581-585.
Williams, P.T., Fortmann, S.P., Terry, R.B., Garay, S.C., Vranizan, K.M., Ellsworth, N. and Wood, P.D. 1987. Associations of dietary fat, regional adiposity and blood pressure in men. Journal of the American Medical Association. 257: 3251-3256.
Williamson, D.F., Kahn, H.S., Remington, P.L. and Anda, R.F. 1990. The 10-year incidence of overweight and mayor weight gain in US adults. Archives of Internal Medicine 150(3):665-672.
Wilson. P.W.F., Abbott, B.M. and Castelli, W.P. 1988. High density lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality. Arteriosclerosis. 8: 737-741.
Winick, M. 1983. Nutrition, intrauterine growth retardation and the placenta. Trophoblast Research. 1: 7-14.
Witteman, J.M., Willett, W.C., Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G.A., Sacks, F.M., Speizer, F.E., Rosner, B. and Hennekens, C.H. 1989. A prospective study of nutritional factors and hypertension among U. S. women. Circulation. 80: 1320-1327.
Wood, R. 1992. Biological effects of geometrical and positional isomers of monounsaturated fatty acids in humans. In Chow, C.K. (ed.) Fatty acids in foods and their health implications. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y. pp. 663688.
Wood, R., Kubena, K., O'Brien, B., Tseng, S. and Martin, G. 1993a. Effect of butter, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched butter, trans fatty acid margarine, and zero trans fatty acid margarine on serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy men. Journal of Lipid Research. 34: 1-11.
Wood, R., Kubena, K., Tseng, S., Martin, G. and Crook, R. 1993b. Effect of palm oil, margarine, butter and sunflower oil on the serum lipids and lipoproteins of normocholesterolemic middle aged men. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 4: 286-297.
Wood, D.A., Butler, S., Riemersma, R.A., Thomson, M., Oliver, M.F., Fulton, M., Birthwhistle, A. and Elton, R.A. 1984. Adipose tissue, platelet fatty acids and coronary heart disease in Scottish men. The Lancet. 2(8395): 117121.
Woollett, L.A., Spady, D.K. and Dietschy, J.M. 1992. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids independently regulate low density lipoprotein receptor activity and production rate. Journal of Lipid Research. 33: 77-88.
Wynn, M. and Wynn, A.H.A. 1981. The Prevention of Handicap of Early Pregnancy Origin. The Foundation for Education and Research in Child Bearing, London.
Wynn, A.H.A., Crawford, M.A., Doyle, W. and Wynn, S.W. 1991. Nutrition of women in anticipation of pregnancy. Nutrition and Health. 7: 69-88.
Yamamoto, N., Saitoh, M., Moriuchi, A., Nomura, M., and Okuyama, H. 1987. Effect of dietary a -linolenate/linoleate balance on brain lipid composition and learning ability in rats. Journal of Lipid Research. 28: 144151.
Yamori, Y. 1977. Hypertensive strains of rat. In Inoue, E. and Nishimura, H. (eds.) Gene-environment interaction in common diseases. University of Tokyo Press, p.141-154.
Yamori, Y. 1981. Environmental influences on the development of hypertensive vascular diseases in SHR and related models, and their relation to human disease. In Worcel, M., Bonvalet, J.P., Langer, S.Z., Menard, J. and Sassard, J. (eds.). New trends in arterial hypertension. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p.305-320.
Yamori, Y., Nara, Y., Mizushima, S., Murakami, S., Ikeda, K., Sawamura, M., Nabika, T. and Horie, R. 1992. Gene-environment interaction in hypertension, stroke and atherosclerosis in experimental models and supportive findings findings from a world-wide crosssectional epidemiological survey: A WHO-CARDIAC Study. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. 19 (suppl. 20): 43-52.
Yamori, Y., Nara, Y., Mizushima, S., Mano, M. and Horie, R. 1993. Dietary risk factors for high blood pressure: main result from WHO-CARDIAC (core) Study. 3rd International Conference on Preventive Cardiology. No. 190 (Abstract).
Yin, K., Chu, Z.M. and Beilin, L.J. 1992. Blood pressure and vascular reactivity changes in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed fish oil. British Journal of Pharmacology. 102: 991-997.
Yla-Herttuala, S., Palinski, W., Rosenfeld, M., Parthasarathy, S., Carew, T.E., Butler, S., Witztum, J. and Steinberg, D. 1989. Evidence for the presence of oxidatively modified LDL in atherosclerotic lesions of rabbit and man. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 284: 1086- 1095.
Zack, P.M., Harlan, W.R., Leaverton, P.E. and Cornoni-Huntley, J. 1979. A longitudinal study of body fatness in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Pediatrics 95: 126-130.
Zevenbergen, J.L. and Haddeman, E. 1989. Lack of effects of trans fatty acids on eicosanoid biosynthesis with adequate intakes of linoleic acid. Lipids. 24: 555-563.
Ziboh, V.A., Cohen, K.A., Ellis, C.N., Miller, C., Hamilton, T.A., Kragballe, K., Hydrick, C.R. and Voorhees, J.J. 1986. Effects of dietary supplementation of fish oil on neutrophil and epidermal fatty acids. Modulation of Clinical course of psoriatic subjects. Archives of Dermatology. 122(11): 1277-1282.
Ziegler, R.G. 1989. A review of the epidemiologic evidence that carotenoids reduce the risk of cancer. Journal of Nutrition. 119: 116-122.
Zock, P.L. and Katan, M.B. 1992. Hydrogenation alternatives: effects of trans fatty acid and stearic acid versus linoleic acid on serum lipids and lipoproteins in humans. Journal of Lipid Research. 33: 399-410.
Zock, P.L., de Vries, J.H. and Katan, M.B. 1994. Impact of myristic acid versus palmitic acid on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in healthy women and men. Arterioscl. Thromb. 14:567-575.
Zurlo, F., Lillioja, S., Esposito-Del Puente, A., Nyomba, B.L., Raz, I., Saad, M.F., Swinburn, B.A., Knowler, W.C., Bogardus, C. and Ravussin, E. 1990. Low ratio of fat to carbohydrate, oxidation as predictor of weight gain: study of 24-h RQ. American Journal of Physiology 259(5 Pt. 1):E650-657.