Annex A. Energy & agriculture data questionnaire

ENERGY AND END-USE DATA (General)

Attached you will find a copy of the IEA's Energy Balance data for your country as a starting point. Generally, we find that local data sources will indicate significant differences and additional detail. In terms of overall energy use, please provide:

· overall national energy balance for most recent year available

· available energy scenarios or demand projections for the country, including any details on agriculture demand

· input data from available energy statistics databases or energy models that include the agricultural sector

If they exist in your country, general historical or current energy statistics publications (along with energy plan documents) should be capable of providing most of this data without requiring considerable research effort.

ENERGY AND END-USE DATA (Agriculture and Related Activities)

- these data are the most essential requirement for our study and thus the first priority for data collection activities -

We are interested in annual energy use in agriculture by fuel, including both traditional (firewood, agricultural residues, etc.) and modern fuels (electricity, coal, diesel, gasoline, etc.). Again, we are looking for whatever historical data, current data and projections (or national goals) might be available. Ideally, the data would also be broken down into the following end-use/activity categories (total energy use and/or energy intensity and overall activity for each, by fuel):

· tractors and other on-farm machinery (land preparation and maintenance)

· irrigation and water pumping (e.g. number of boreholes, etc.)

· crop drying, curing, and/or threshing

· processing of agricultural products. This would include energy used by the ISIC code 31 industries: Manufacture of food, beverages, and tobacco. Also include any available data on energy use (and electricity and bagasse production) by sugar mills.

· transport of agricultural products (may be suggested by total freight transport energy and haulage of agricultural goods as a fraction of total)

· small-scale rural agricultural-related enterprises (e.g. beer making, crop drying)

· forestry and fisheries (e.g. gasoline use for boat engines)

Any data that distinguishes energy use by crop and farm type would also be useful. Please include copies of any reports on energy use and the agriculture in your country.

NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

We are interested in economic and demographic indicators, including historical data, current data and projections (or national goals) for:

· overall national GDP

· GDP of the agriculture sector (ISIC Division 1; report fisheries and forestry separately if possible)

· GDP of agriculture-related activities (e.g., ISIC Division 31: Manufacture of food, beverages, and tobacco products. It is important to realize that in many cases these activities are considered in the industrial sector)

· major recent, current, or near-future policies or events that might affect the agriculture sector (e.g., economic restructuring, land redistribution, drought, etc.)

· population, focusing on splits between rural/urban, farm/non-farm, and high/low income

To give an indication of some of the data we are seeking we have attached some data tables published by the World Resources Institute; local data on these and other reported variables would obviously be preferable.

AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY DATA

We are interested in historical data, current data and projections (or national goals) for:

· land area under cultivation by crop (plus livestock and pasture) by farm type (large commercial, small subsistence, etc.) and region (if appropriate)

· production by crop and farm type

· agricultural product processing, particularly sugar milling data (annual milling capacity and operation)

· irrigated vs. rainfed agriculture (% of farmed area by crop); for irrigation specify whether ground or surface water used.

· numbers of tractors

As an indication of some of the international data sources we can use in the absence of local data, we have attached data based on FAO's AGROSTAT database for your country.

AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL USE DATA

· total fertilizer, herbicide, and pesticide use by type

· use by crop and farm type (if available)

· source of fertilizer (indigenous production or imported)

ANIMAL POWER DATA

· animal power data (if available, number of draught animals)

· human energy (probably derivable from demographic data: number of farmer-hours. Perhaps there are case studies available)

ILLUSTRATIVE CASE STUDIES OF ENERGY AND AGRICULTURE

We would like to include in the document examples of cases studies which illustrate the strong energy-agriculture linkages. Both descriptive and data material would be appreciated, and a one page summary would be sufficient. We would suggest the following as possible case studies for your country:

Zimbabwe	history and results of the ethanol programme
Sudan	history and scope of briquetting of cotton stalks
Mali	problems and opportunities for regional institutions-the CRES example
Cameroon	extent of use and potential for energy self-sufficiency of coffee\cocoa\or palm oil industries
Tanzania	impact of the national policy on independent power generation (agroindustry)