NOTES
(i) General Observations
The present Appendix, complemented by Appendix 7, represents an up-dated and revised version of the earlier tables which appeared as Appendix 6 in the Report on the 8th Session of FAO Panel of Experts on Forest Gene Resources (FAO 1994).
FAO's mandate, and that of the present Expert Panel, relates to genetic resources of species of socio-economic value for agricultural and forestry development, with special reference to intra-specific genetic variation found in these species. Endangered and vulnerable species, and species under threat of depletion listed i.a. in documentation published by the World Conservation Union (IUCN), are included only if they meet these basic development criteria. Similarly, although in exceptional cases referring to genera, the list does not refer to ecosystems or biota.
The Appendix does not present an exhaustive list of woody perennial species in need of attention at regional, ecoregional and global levels. The present list aims at providing information on those species and provenances which the FAO Panel of Experts on Forest Gene Resources, during its 9th Session in October 1995. considered should be given highest, relative priority in the forest genetic resources programme of FAO's Forestry Department. The list, arranged by regions and sub-regions, indicates priority on a scale from 1 to 3 (see below), for the various operational steps identified: exploration, evaluation, conservation and utilization of germplasm (including selection and breeding).
The Panel of Experts recognized that many of the priority ratings must be considered tentative; the list will need continuing up-dating and must be modified in the light of new information, knowledge and needs.
While not under-rating the fundamental importance of locally occurring species and the need to gain more information and to ensure the conservation and wise use of this category of woody perennials, the present list focusses on those species which, in addition to their local importance, are of actual or potential value also in other countries or areas; or which may be of immediate importance in improvement and breeding programmes of related species in their country of origin and in other countries.
The present list should be reviewed in conjunction with the more detailed and complete lists of national, regional and global priority species and activities, shown in Appendix 7. There is, furthermore, a need to supplement both lists drawn up by the Panel (Appendices 6 and 7), with more detailed, national lists of priorities at local and national level.
(ii) "End Use of Species" (columns 1-4)
Only species of highest priority in one (or at times, several) of the four, general end use categories identified, are included. The present list includes those species/provenances which the Panel of Experts considered should receive maximum priority in the forest genetic resources programme of FAO (See Appendix 7 for a complete list of priority species and operations).
Column 1, "Industrial Wood", includes those species whose main use is for sawn logs, timber, heavy construction wood, plywood, chip and particle board, wood pulp etc.
Column 2, " Industrial Non-Wood Products", includes those species which are mainly used for the production of gums, resins, oils, tannins or other products used in small, medium and large-scale local and non-local industries.
Column 3, "Fuelwood, Posts, Poles", includes those species producing mainly firewood and wood used for the production of charcoal and energy; and those used for the production of roundwood used on-farm.
Column 4, "Other Uses (goods, services)", is a category which includes species grown mainly for the production of food, fodder, and for land stabilization, soil amelioration, for shade, shelter and other environmental values.
Complementary information is given in the "Remarks"-column.
(iii) Operations/Activities
Three priority ratings are used, as follows:
(1) Highest priority;
(2) Prompt action recommended;
(3) Action is important, but of less urgency than that for species listed as priority (1) and (2).
Complementary information is given in the " Remarks"-column.
(E) in the "Remarks"- column, signifies endangered with extinction or severe depletion of the gene pool (see also paragraph 2 of "General Observations" above).
|
SPECIES |
End use of species |
Operations/Activities |
REMARKS |
||||||||||
|
Exploration & collection |
Evaluation |
Conservation |
Germplasm use |
||||||||||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
||
|
1. WESTERN USA/CANADA |
|||||||||||||
|
Taxus brevifolia |
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
|
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
Use for taxol |
|
2. EASTERN USA/CANADA |
|||||||||||||
|
Castanea dentata |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
2 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
3. MEXICO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Astronium graveolens |
Ö |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
(E). National interest |
|
Cedrela odorata |
Ö |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
PVT and PGT |
|
Cupressus lindleyi |
Ö |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
Dendropanax arboreus |
Ö |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
|
1 |
PVT in progress |
|
Pinus chiapensis |
Ö |
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
PVT and PGT |
|
P. patula |
Ö |
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
PVT (Int.) |
|
Swietenia macrophylla |
Ö |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
PVT, PGT, SO. (E) certain populations |
|
4. CARRIBEAN, CENTRAL AMERICA, COLOMBIA, VENEZUELA AND ECUADOR |
|||||||||||||
|
Alnus acuminata |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
1 |
1 |
|
3 |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
PVT, PGT in progress. In situ stands established |
|
Bombacopsis quinata |
Ö |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
PVT, PGT in progress. SO established. (E) in most parts of range |
|
Cedrela odorata |
Ö |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
PVT, PGT in progress. (E) in most parts of range |
|
Cordia alliodora |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
|
2 |
|
|
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
PVT, PGT, CLT in progress. SO established. Breeding systems studies completed |
|
Gliricidia sepium |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
2 |
|
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
2 |
PVT in progress. In situ and ex situ stands, SO established |
|
Leucaena leucocephala |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PVT in progress. SO |
|
Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
PVT, PGT in progress. In situ and ex situ stands established |
|
P. tecunumanii |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
PVT and PGT in progress. in situ and ex situ stands established |
|
Swietenia macrophylla |
Ö |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
PVT and genetic variability studies in progress. (E) in most parts of range. Resistance trials established |
|
Tabebuia rosea |
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
Restricted prov. collections |
|
5. SOUTH AMERICA (EXCEPT COLOMBIA, VENEZUELA AND ECUADOR) |
|||||||||||||
|
Aniba duckei |
|
Ö |
|
|
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
(E) all range. Medicinal products |
|
Aspidosperma polyneuron |
Ö |
|
|
|
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
(E) all range. Overexploitation |
|
Bertholetia excelsa |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Human food, wood. Species of social importance |
|
Cedrela odorata |
Ö |
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
(E) all range. Overexploitation |
|
Dalbergia nigra |
Ö |
|
|
|
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
(E) all range |
|
Maytenus ilicifolia |
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
(E) all range. Medicinal use |
|
Nothofagus alessandrii |
Ö |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
(E) all range |
|
Ocotea catharinensis |
Ö |
|
|
|
|
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
(E) in parts of range |
|
Swietenia macrophylla |
Ö |
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
(E) in parts of range |
|
6. NORTHERN AND CENTRAL EUROPE |
|||||||||||||
|
No species were identified as top priority species for FAO coordinated activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7. MEDITERRANEAN REGION, SOUTHERN EUROPE AND NEAR EAST |
|||||||||||||
|
Acacia nilotica |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
Int. PVT in progress |
|
A. Senegal |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
A. tortilis (incl. ssp. raddiana) |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
Int. PVT in progress |
|
Cedrus atlantica |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
2 |
2 |
Int. testing in progress |
|
C. libani |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
Int. testing. National stands in Lebanon (E). Conservation priority activities apply to Lebanon |
|
Prosopis cineraria |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
Quercus suber |
|
Ö |
|
|
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
2 |
2 |
|
|
Tetraclinis articulata |
|
|
|
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
8. SOUTH AND EAST ASIA EXCL. CHINA AND INDIA |
|||||||||||||
|
Acacia mangium |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
3 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Int. PVT in progress. Need for resistance selection. Work on hybridization (with A. auriculiformis) needed |
|
Azadirachta indica (incl. var. siamensis) |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
2 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Int. PVT in progress |
|
Bamboo |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Coperation with INBAR. Excellent MPTS |
|
Casuarina equisetifolia |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
3 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
Int. PVT in progress |
|
C. junghuhniana |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
3 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
Int. PVT in progress |
|
Dipterocarpus alatus |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Excellent wood for construction and veneer purposes |
|
Eucalyptus camaldulensis |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
Int. PVT in progress. Work on hybridization required |
|
E. urophylla |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
Int. PVT in progress. Work on hybridization required |
|
Hopea odorata |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Priority species for ASEAN. Excellent wood for furniture |
|
Paraserianthes falcataria |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Excellent wood for furniture and veneer purposes. Use on-farm |
|
Parkia javanica |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
MPTS |
|
Parkia speciosa |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
MPTS |
|
Pterocarpus indicus |
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Excellent for construction purposes. Priority species for ASEAN |
|
P. macrocarpus |
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Excellent for construction purposes. Priority species for ASEAN |
|
Rattan |
Ö |
Ö |
|
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
(E) in parts of range. Coperation with INBAR. MPTS |
|
Rhizophora apiculata |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Some populations threatened by aquaculture in the region. No breeding program |
|
Shorea spp. |
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Potential hardwood for construction purposes. |
|
Tectona grandis |
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Very important species |
|
9. NORTH, NORTH-EAST AND CENTRAL ASIA INCL. CHINA AND INDIA |
|||||||||||||
|
Acacia Senegal |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
|
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
Acacia catechu |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acacia tortilis |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
Albizia procera |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
India |
|
Alnus daurica |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
A. japonica |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
China, Japan, Korea |
|
A. nepalensis |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
Azadirachta indica |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Int. PVT initiated |
|
Bamboo |
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
(Bambusa, Dendrocalamus spp.) |
|
Calamus spp. |
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
Overexploited, poor regeneration, recalcitrant seeds |
|
Casuarina equisetifolia (exotic) |
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
C. junghuhniana (exotic) |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
Cedrus deodara |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
(E) in parts of range |
|
Chamaecyparis obtusa |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
Dalbergia sissoo |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Wide genetic variation |
|
Fokienia hodginsi |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
Endemic to China. Monogenus |
|
Fraxinus mandshurica |
Ö |
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
Hippophae rhamnoides |
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
Fruits with high vitamin C content |
|
Juglans mandshurica |
Ö |
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
J. regia |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
Kataleeria pubescens |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
PVT. Fast growing, good timber species |
|
Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
P. caribaea var. caribaea |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
P. massoniana |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
P. roxburghii |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
Resin producing |
|
Populus euphratica |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
Dry areas |
|
Quercus mongolica |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
Rattan |
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
Tectona grandis |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
Toona microcarpa |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
MPTS |
|
T. sinensis |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
T. sureni |
Ö |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
10. AFRICA |
|||||||||||||
|
Acacia nilotica |
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
2 |
Int. PVT in progress. W. Africa to be completed. Problems with natural regeneration |
|
A. senegal |
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
(E) populations in N parts of range. Problems with natural regeneration |
|
A. tortilis (incl. ssp raddiana) |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
3 |
2 |
Int. PVT in progress. W. Africa to be completed. |
|
Azadirachta indica (exotic) |
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Int. PVT in progress |
|
Dalbergia melanoxylon |
Ö |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
2 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
(E) |
|
Eucalyptus camaldulensis (exotic) |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
2 |
|
|
Faidherbia albida |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|
1 |
1 |
Seed collections, PVT, PGT and population genetics studies in progress |
|
Gmelina arborea (exotic) |
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
1 |
New collections available for testing |
|
Heritiera (syn. Tarrietia) utilis |
Ö |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
Irringia spp. |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
(E) |
|
Khaya spp. |
Ö |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Selection for resistance to shoot borer |
|
Parkia biglobosa |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Prov. collections and gene ecological studies in progress |
|
Prosopis spp. (exotic) |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
2 |
2 |
|
|
Prunus africana |
Ö |
Ö |
|
Ö |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
(E). Recalcitrant seed. Field genebank |
|
Pterocarpus angolensis |
Ö |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In situ cons. in progress. Problem of die-back disease |
|
Sclerocarya birrea |
|
|
|
Ö |
1 |
1 |
|
2 |
1 |
1 |
|
2 |
Recalcitrant seed. Field: ICRAF in SADC countries, FAO in CILSS countries |
|
Tamarindus indica |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
1 |
1 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
11. AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND |
|||||||||||||
|
Acacia colei |
|
Ö |
|
|
3 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
Human food (seeds) value under assessment |
|
A. mangium |
Ö |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
Biogeographic descriptions completed, sampling, PVT. Hybrids being developed with A. auriculiformis |
|
Casuarina equisetifolia |
|
|
|
Ö |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
Int. PVT underway |
|
Eucalyptus camaldulensis |
|
|
Ö |
|
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
Taxonomic assessment ongoing |
|
Grevillea robusta |
|
|
|
Ö |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
12. PACIFIC ISLANDS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canarium harveyii |
|
Ö |
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
Endospermum medullosum |
Ö |
|
|
|
2 |
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
Intsia bijuga |
Ö |
|
|
|
2 |
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
Pterocarpus indica |
Ö |
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Santalum spp. |
|
Ö |
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Swietenia macrophylla |
Ö |
|
|
|
|
2 |
3 |
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
Intro. and eval. of prov. from natural range desirable |
