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3. FISHES

3.1 LIST OF FISH SPECIES N = Native I = Introduced

Production by continent for native and introduced species

Family

Scientific name

Common name

Environment

Production

Africa

America

America

Asia

Europe

Oceania

Former

FW

BW

SW

1994 (mt)

North

South

USSR
ACIPENSERIDAE Acipenser baeri Siberian sturgeon

X

X

I

I

N
Acipenser ruthenus Sterlet sturgeon

X

X

N

N
Acipenser stellatus Starry sturgeon

X

X

X

N

N

N
Acipenser transmontanus White sturgeon

X

X

X

N

I
Huso huso Beluga

X

X

X

N

N

N
OSTEOGLOSSIDAE Arapaima gigas Arapaima

X

I

N
Heterotis niloticus African bonytongue

X

*

N
ANGUILLIDAE Anguilla anguilla European eel

X

X

X

8,214

282

N

I

I

I

7,932

N
Anguilla japonica Japanese eel

X

X

X

39,304

I

39,304

N

I
Anguilla rostrata American eel

X

X

X

49

49

N
CHANIDAE Chanos chanos Milkfish

X

X

X

400,945

N

N

400,919

N

26

N
CYPRINIDAE Abramis brama Freshwater bream

X

X

180

N*

111

N

69

N
Aspius aspius Asp

X

X

*

N*

N

N
Catla catla* Catla

X

361,394

I

361,394

N

I
Carassius auratus Goldfish

X

565

5

I

I

I

117

N

1

N

2

I

440

N
Carassius carassius Crucian carp

X

389,377

1

I

I

389,326

I

50

N

N
Cirrhinus molitorella* Mud carp

X

100,068

I

100,068

N
Cirrhinus mrigala Mrigal carp

X

353,952

I

353,952

N

I
Ctenopharyngodon idellus Grass carp

X

1,819,447

I

39

I

I

1,817,961

N

866

I

I

581

N
Cyprinus carpio Common carp

X

1,526,558

7,016

I

7,939

I

218

I

1,345,559

N

77,480

N

10

I

88,336

N
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Silver carp

X

2,210,170

I

6,867

I

I

2,168,351

N

2,786

I

I

32,166

N
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis* Bighead carp

X

1,072,461

I*

I

1,068,906

N

645

I

2910

I
Labeo calbasu Orangefin labeo

X

N
Labeo rohita Roho labeo

X

440,268

I

440,268

N

I
Leptobarbus hoeveni Hoven's carp

X

704

704

N
Megalobrama amblycephala Wuchang bream

X

N
Mylopharyngodon piceus Black carp

X

105,007

I*

I

105,007

N

I
Notemigonus crysoleucas Golden shiner

X

9,847

9,847

N
Osteochilus hasselti Nilem carp

X

12,600

12,600

N
Parabramis pekinensis White amur bream

X

281,625

281,625

N
Puntius gonionotus Thai silver barb

X

28,528

28,528

N
Puntius javanicus Java barb

X

22,100

22,100

N
Rutilus rutilus Roach

X

*

N

I
Tinca tinca Tench

X

839

I

I

I

I

839

N

I
COBITIDAE Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Pond loach

X

175

I

175

N

I
CATASTOMIDAE Ictiobus cyprinellus Bigmouth buffalo

X

*

N

I

I

I
CURIMATIDAE Ichthyoelephas humeralis Bocachico*

X

12

12

N
Prochilodus reticulatus Bocachico

X

50

50

N
CHARACIDAE Brycon moorei Dorada*

X

17

17

N
Colossoma macropomum Cachama*

X

467

132

I

335

N
Piaractus brachypomus* Cachama blanca*

X

4,047*

I

4,047

N

I
Piaractus mesopotamicus* Paco*

X

I

N
ICTALURIDAE Ictalurus melas Black bullhead

X

1,882

N

I

1,882

I

I
Ictalurus punctatus Channel catfish

X

201,329

I

200,003

N

I

I

I

I

1,326

I
BAGRIDAE Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus Bagrid catfish

X

X

1,503

1,503

N
SILURIDAE Siluris glanis Wels catfish

X

544

542

N

2

N
PANGASIIDAE Pangasius pangasius Pangas catfish

X

13,712

13,712

N
Pangasius sutchi Striped catfish

X

*

N
CLARIIDAE Clarias anguillaris Mudfish

X

1,185

1,185

N
Clarias batrachus Philippine catfish

X

296

I

280

N

I

16

I
Clarias fuscus Hong Kong catfish

X

374

374

N

I
Clarias gariepinus North African catfish

X

5,035

3,978

N

I*

1,057

I
Clarias macrocephalus Bighead catfish

X

N

I*
Heterobranchus bidorsalis African catfish*

X

N
Heterobranchus longifilis Sampa*

X

N
PIMELODIDAE Rhamdia sapo South American catfish*

X

2

2

N
CALLICHTHYIDAE Hoplosternum littorale Atipa*

X

N
ESOCIDAE Esox lucius Northern pike

X

X

720

I

N

720

N

N
PLECOGLOSSIDAE Plecoglossus altivelis Ayu sweetfish

X

X

X

11,586

I

11,586

N
SALMONIDAE Coregonus albula Vendace*

X

X

N

N
Coregonus lavaretus Whitefish*

X

X

X

N

N
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Pink salmon

X

X

X

N

I

N

I
Oncorhynchus keta Chum salmon

X

X

X

N

I

N

I

I
Oncorhynchus kisutch Coho salmon

X

X

X

57,700

278

N

34,524

I

22,824

N

74

I
Oncorhynchus masou Masu salmon

X

X

X

68

68

I

N
Oncorhynchus mykiss* Rainbow trout

X

X

X

330,471

1,341

I

32,322

N

37,423

I

19,993

I

236,003

I

2,383

I

1,006

I
Oncorhynchus nerka Sockeye salmon

X

X

X

20

N

I

N

I

20

I
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Chinook salmon

X

X

X

20,879

17,900

N

379

I

N

I

2,600

I
Salmo salar Atlantic salmon

X

X

X

366,227

I*

26,332

N

34,175

I

301,720

N

4,000

I

N
Salmo trutta Sea trout

X

X

X

4551

I

I

I

N

4501

N

I

50

N
Salvelinus alpinus Arctic char

X

X

X

648

N

648

N

N
Salvelinus fontinalis Brook trout

X

X

X

321

I

N

I

I

317

I

4

I

I
Salvelinus namaycush Lake trout

X

X

11

11

N

I

I

I
GADIDAE Gadus morhua Atlantic cod

X

X

80

N

80

N

N
ATHERINIDAE Odontesthes bonariensis* Pejerrey

X

X

I

N

I

I
SYNBRANCHIDAE Monopterus albus* Lai

X

N

I
CENTROPOMIDAE Centropomus undecimalis Common snook

X

X

331

331

N

N
Lates calcarifer Barramundi*

X

X

X

20,088

I

19,751

N

337

N
Lates niloticus Nile perch

X

N

I
PERCICHTHYIDAE Maccullochella peeli Murray cod*

X

18

18

N
Macquaria ambigua Golden perch

X

31

31

N
Morone saxatilis Striped bass

X

X

X

I

N

I
MORONIDAE Dicentrarchus labrax European seabass

X

X

X

14,281

832

N

736

N

12,713

N

N
SERRANIDAE Epinephelus akaara Hong Kong grouper

X

30

30

N
Epinephelus areolatus Areolate grouper*

X

508

N

508

N

N
Epinephelus tauvina Greasy grouper

X

1,020

N

1020

N

N
Plectropomus maculatus Spotted coralgrouper

X

90

90

N

N
TERAPONTIDAE Bidyanus bidyanus Silver perch

X

27

27

N
CENTRARCHIDAE Micropterus salmoides Largemouth black bass

X

X

116

I

116

N

I

I

I

I

I
PERCIDAE Perca fluviatilis European perch

X

57

I

57

N

I

N
Stizostedion lucioperca Pike-perch

X

788

99

I

I

N

621

N

68

N
POMATOMIDAE Pomatomus saltatrix Bluefish

X

N

N

N

N

N

N

N
CARANGIDAE Seriola dumerili Greater amberjack

X

30

N

N

N

N

30

N

N
Seriola quinqueradiata Japanese amberjack

X

148,390

148,390

N
Trachinotus blochii Snubnose pompano*

X

329

N

329

N

N
Trachinotus carolinus Florida pompano

X

X

N

N
Trachinotus goodei Palometa pompano

X

X

N

N
Trachurus japonicus Japanese jack mackerel

X

6,134

6,134

N
LUTJANIDAE Lutjanus argentimaculatus Mangrove red snapper

X

X

3,235

N

3235

N

N
Ocyurus chrysurus Yellowtail snapper

X

N

N
SPARIDAE Acanthopagrus schlegeli* Dark seabream

X

X

3,474

3474

N
Diplodus sargus* White seabream

X

X

N

N

N

N
Evynnis japonica Crimson seabream

X

52

52

N
Pagrus major* Red seabream*

X

77,116

77,116

N

I
Pagrus pagrus Red porgy

X

130

N

N

N

N

130

N
Rhabdosargus sarba Goldlined seabream*

X

X

956

N

956

N

N
Sparus aurata Gilthead seabream

X

X

21,202

959

N

6,812

N

13,431

N
SCIAENIDAE Sciaenops ocellatus Red drum

X

X

12

12

N
CICHLIDAE Aequidens rivulatus Green terror

X

N
Cichlasoma maculicauda* Blackbelt cichlid

X

X

18

18

N
Cichlasoma managuense Jaguar guapote

X

13

13

N
Cichlasoma urophthalmus Mexican mojarra

X

X

X

N
Etroplus suratensis Pearlspot

X

X

I

N
Oreochromis andersonii Three spotted tilapia

X

X

2,200

2,200

N
Oreochromis aureus Blue tilapia

X

X

X

11,871

74

N

11,797

I

I

N*

I
Oreochromis macrochir Longfin tilapia

X

350

350

N

I
Oreochromis mossambicus Mozambique tilapia

X

X

X

51,870

55

N

768

I

14

I

50,884

I

I

149

I

I
Oreochromis niloticus Nile tilapia

X

X

426,773

27,162

N

3,343

I

11,220

I

384,976

I

I

72

I
Oreochromis spilurus Tilapia*

X

X

X

N

I

I
Oreochromis urolepis* Wami tilapia

X

X

X

N

I

I

I
Sarotherodon melanotheron Blackchin tilapia

X

X

N

I

I

I
Tilapia guineensis Tilapia*

X

X

X

N

I
Tilapia rendalli Redbreast tilapia

X

868

803

N

65

I

I

I

I
Tilapia zillii Redbelly tilapia

X

X

X

18

18

N

I

I

I

I
MUGILIDAE Liza aurata Golden grey mullet

X

X

X

N

N

N

N
Liza macrolepis Largescale mullet

X

X

N

N

N
Liza parsia Gold-spot mullet

X

X

N
Liza ramada* Thinlip grey mullet

X

X

X

N

N

N

N
Liza saliens Leaping mullet

X

X

N

N

N

N
Liza tade Tade mullet

X

X

N

N

N
Mugil cephalus Flathead grey mullet

X

X

X

15,361

8,480

N

3

N

N

3,930

N

2,948

N

N

N
Mugil curema White mullet

X

X

X

N

N
Mugil liza* Lebranche mullet

X

X

X

N

N
ELEOTRIDAE Dormitator latifrons Pacific fat sleeper

X

X

X

250

N

250

N
Oxyeleotris marmorata Marble goby

X

49

49

N
SIGANIDAE Siganus canaliculatus White-spotted spinefoot

X

X

3

3

N

N
Siganus guttatus Goldlined spinefoot

X

N
Siganus rivulatus Marbled spinefoot

X

X

N

N

N
SCOMBRIDAE Thunnus maccoyii Southern bluefin tuna

X

1,234

N

N

N

1,234

N
Thunnus thynnus Northern bluefin tuna

X

20

N

N

N

N

20

N

N

N
ANABANTIDAE Anabas testudineus Climbing perch

X

26,944

I*

26,944

N
BELONTIIDAE Trichogaster pectoralis Snakeskin gourami

X

18,893

I

18,893

N

I
HELOSTOMATIDAE Helostoma temmincki Kissing gourami

X

8,700

I

I

8,700

N
OSPHRONEMIDAE Osphronemus goramy Giant gourami

X

X

5,761

I

I

5,761

N

I
CHANNIDAE Channa argus Snakehead

X

560

560

N
Channa micropeltes Indonesian snakehead

X

856

I

856

N
Channa punctatus Spotted snakehead

X

N
Channa striata* Striped snakehead

X

6,500

I

6,500

N

I
SCOPHTHALMIDAE Psetta maxima* Turbot

X

X

2,434

N

24

I

N

2,410

N

N
PARALICHTHYIDAE Paralichthys olivaceus Bastard halibut

X

12,562

12,562

N
SOLEIDAE Solea vulgaris* Common sole

X

X

11

1

N

N

10

N

3.2 NOTES ON FISHES

SCIENTIFIC NAMES

* In Robins et al. (1991b), Catla catla is listed as Gibelion catla because Gibelion Heckel, 1843, predates Catla Valenciennes, 1844 (Eschmeyer, 1990). Catla catla has been used here because it is more commonly used in the literature.

* Cirrhinus mulitorella used in FAO (1996) is a mispelling of C. molitorella (Robins et al., 1991b).

* In the synopsis on Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Jennings, 1988) and also in Eschmeyer (1990) and Robins et al. (1991a), Hypophthalmichthys is considered as the correct genus name and Aristichthys (used in FAO, 1996) a subjective synonym.

* Colossoma bidens is a synonym of Piaractus brachypomus (Hernandez, 1989; Robins et al., 1991b); Piaractus brachypomum and Colossoma brachypomum are also used for this species but are incorrect.

* Colossoma mitrei is considered a synonym of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Hernandez, 1989).

* Oncorhynchus mykiss is the widely accepted valid name for the rainbow trout, previously named Salmo gairdneri.

* The figures reported by Bolivia from 1989 to 1991 to FAO (1996) as Basilichthys bonariensis refer to Odontesthes bonariensis which is the actual valid name for the species that was introduced in Bolivia (Welcomme, 1988).

* The genus Fluta is a synonym of Monopterus (Eschmeyer, 1990).

* Acanthopagrus macrocephalus used in FAO (1996) is not listed in Japanese books (Masuda et al., 1984; Shirai, 1986); in Robins et al. (1991b), Mylio macrocephalus is considered a synonym of Acanthopagrus schlegeli.

* In this list the subspecies level is not considered, therefore Diplodus sargus sargus, for which Turkey reported statistics (FAO, 1996) from 1986 to 1993 (33 t) but not for 1994, is listed only at the species level (Diplodus sargus).

* Chrysophrys major and Sparus major are two synonyms still in use for Pagrus major (Robins, 1991b); anyhow the correct taxonomic name for this species is not still completely clearified because what should be the same species is called Pagrus auratus in some countries (e.g., Australia, in Kailola et al., 1993).

* Cichlasoma maculicauda is used in Ross and Martinez Palacios (1990) and in Robins et al. (1991b) instead of C. maculicaudum listed in FAO (1996).

* Trewavas (1983) considered Oreochromis urolepis a single species with two subspecies, Oreochromis urolepis urolepis and Oreochromis urolepis hornorum, but in current literature authors often refer to Oreochromis hornorum as a valid species. The information regarding the two subspecies have been here gathered under Oreochromis urolepis.

* Mugil capito is a still in use synonym of Liza ramada (Whitehead et al., 1984-86).

* Mugil brasiliensis is a synonym of Mugil liza (Fischer, 1978) that is still used.

* According with Kottelat (1989) and Robins et al. (1991b), striata is the correct species name for Channa instead of striatus.

* As already said above, the subspecies level is not considered here so Psetta maxima maxima is listed as Psetta maxima.

* Solea solea is synonym of Solea vulgaris still in use (Fischer et al., 1987).

COMMON NAMES

* Bocachico is a common name used in Latin America for species belongig to the family Curimatidae; it is applied also to Ichthyoelephas humeralis in the only reference (Cadena, 1981) found on this species in ASFA (1993,1996) records from 1978 to 1995.

* Dorada is a FAO Spanish name for Sparidae species but it is also used as common name for Brycon moorei (Otero, 1989).

* Colossoma macropomum is called cachama or cachama negra in Spanish speaking countries (Hernandez, 1989) and tambaqui in Brazil (Araujo, 1989).

* Pirapitinga is the vernacular name used in Brazil for Piaractus brachypomus (Araujo, 1989).

* Pacu is the Brazilian name for Piaractus mesopotamicus (Araujo, 1989).

* For Heterobranchus bidorsalis no more specific common name has been found than African catfish used in the literature (ASFA, 1996).

* Sampa, probably a local name, is listed in Robins et al. (1991b) as common name for Heterobranchus longifilis.

* South American catfish, although very generic, is the common name used for Rhamdia sapo in the literature (ASFA, 1996).

* In current literature (ASFA, 1996) the vernacular name atipa is used for Hoplosterum littorale instead of the name hassar listed in FAO (1996).

* Whitefish (CEC, 1993) and European whitefish (FAO, 1994a) are other common names used for Coregonus albula.

* Powan and pollan are others common names in English used for Coregonus lavaretus (CEC,1993).

* Barramundi, listed in FAO (1996) as the English FAO name for Lates calcarifer is mainly used in Australia, while in Asia this species is called Asian seabass or Giant seaperch (Robins, 1991b).

* Murray cod, the vernacular name used for Maccullochella peeli in Australia, has been preferred to Murray perch listed in FAO (1996).

* Areolate grouper is the English FAO name used in the FAO groupers catalogue (Heemstra and Randall, 1993) and is less generic than brown spotted grouper listed in FAO (1996).

* Snubnose pompano is the common name used in Fischer and Bianchi (1984) and Robins (1991b) for Trachinotus blochii and is less generic than Asian pompano used in FAO (1996).

* Red seabream is the common name used in the literature (ASFA, 1996) for Pagrus major; instead, the name silver seabream, listed in FAO (1996), is often used as common name for Rhabdosargus sarba.

* Tilapia is a common name used for all Oreochromis, Sarotherodon and Tilapia species; no more specific name has been found in use for Oreochromis spilurus and Tilapia guineensis.

PRODUCTION

* The total production of 202 t reported by Mali (2 t) and Nigeria (200 t) in FAO (1996) as Heterotis spp. probably refer to Heterotis niloticus.

* The single ton reported in 1994 (9 t in 1993) by Kazakstan to FAO (1996) as production of Aspius spp. should belong to Aspius aspius: in fact, all the articles consulted through ASFA (1996) regarding aquaculture of Aspius spp. in that area deal with Aspius aspius.

* The 2,500 t reported by France as production of Rutilus spp. should belong to Rutilus rutilus: in fact, all the articles consulted through ASFA (1996) regarding Rutilus spp. cultivated in France deal with Rutilus rutilus.

* Production figures reported by Ukraine (1 t) as Ictiobus spp. could belong either to Ictiobus cyprinellus or to Ictiobus niger, both species being introduced in the country (Welcomme, 1988).

* Production figures (27 t) reported by Peru as Colossoma bidens in FAO (1996) have been added to those of Colossoma brachypomum under the correct name of Piaractus brachypomus (see Taxonomy notes).

* Production figures (13,189 t) reported by Thailand for Pangasius pangasius could also refer to Pangasius sutchi which is commonly cultivated in Thailand.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

* Geographical distribution of Abramis brama and Aspius aspius in Asia is restricted to a small area in Turkey (Blanc et al., 1971).

* According to Hecht et al. (1992), Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Mylopharyngodon piceus and Salmo salar have been imported in South Africa to experiment their culture.

* Clarias gariepinus has been introduced in Asian countries as described in Rahman et al. (1992).

* Clarias macrocephalus is listed in Nelson (1989) as cultured commercially in Guam: it has probably been introduced in the island but no record has been found.

* The native range of Oreochromis aureus in Asia is restricted to Israel and Jordan (Trewavas, 1983).

* An introduced population of Anabas testudineus was recorded in Florida (Courtenay and Robins, 1973) but it was later considered as extirpated (Courtenay et al., 1986).

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